Ishishini lesinyithi lehlabathi lisebenza njengesiseko seziseko zophuhliso lwanamhlanje eziqhuba inkqubela phambili kwezobuchwepheshe kunye nomsebenzi wokwakha kunye nokukhula koqoqosho ngokubanzi. Ngo-2024, ukuqonda ukuba ngabaphi abavelisi abakhokela imarike kunye nesizathu kunika ukuqonda ngokuthe ngqo kwimiba yokhuphiswano kunye nendlela yexesha elide yophuhliso lwemizi-mveliso. Eli nqaku lifunda indlela abavelisi abakhokelayo abagcina ngayo izikhundla zabo zemarike ngemisebenzi yabo ephumelelayo exhomekeke kumandla amabini aphambili aqhuba inkqubela phambili kwezobuchwepheshe kunye nophuhliso oluzinzileyo kwishishini elivelise iitoni zesinyithi ezili-1.8 zeebhiliyoni ngo-2023.
1.8B
Iitoni zeMetric eziveliswe (2023)
70%
Isabelo sase-Asia kwiMveliso yeHlabathi
> 50%
Isabelo seTshayina kwiMveliso yeHlabathi
50%
Intsimbi Esetyenziswa Ekwakhiweni
Intshayelelo kwiMveliso yeNsimbi
Isishwankathelo seMarike yeNtsimbi yeHlabathi
Imakethi yentsimbi yehlabathi isebenza njengesiseko esibalulekileyo esibonelela ngezinto zokwakha ezifunekayo kuphuhliso lweziseko zophuhliso zanamhlanje kunye nothungelwano lothutho kunye neenkqubo zokuvelisa. Imveliso yentsimbi yehlabathi ka-2023 ifikelele malunga neetoni ze-metric eziyi-1.8 zeebhiliyoni, apho amazwe ase-Asia anoxanduva malunga nama-70 ekhulwini emveliso iyonke. I-China ivelisa ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha sentsimbi yehlabathi ngelixa i-India iJapan kunye ne-United States zilandela njengabavelisi bentsimbi abakhulu abalandelayo. Inqanaba langoku lemveliso liyaqhubeka kuba izixeko ziyanda kwaye amashishini ayakhula kwaye abantu bafuna izixhobo zokwakha ezihlala zihleli ezinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo. Ukudalwa kobuchwepheshe bentsimbi eluhlaza kunye neenkqubo zamandla ahlaziyekayo kuseka imigangatho emitsha evumela amashishini ukuba afezekise ukuthotyelwa kokusingqongileyo ngelixa ekhula kwimizi-mveliso.
Ukubaluleka kweNsimbi kwiMizi-mveliso yanamhlanje
Icandelo lokwakha lisebenzisa intsimbi ukufezekisa malunga nama-50 ekhulwini eepesenti zokusetyenziswa kwentsimbi kwihlabathi liphela, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba intsimbi isebenza njengezinto ezisisiseko zokwakha iiskyscrapers ezihlala ixesha elide kunye neebhulorho kunye neenkqubo zothutho. Ishishini leemoto lixhomekeke kwintsimbi njengezinto zalo eziphambili zokwakha ukuvelisa izithuthi ezilula ezihlangabezana nemigangatho engqongqo yokonga ipetroli. Intsimbi isebenza njengento ebalulekileyo ekuvelisweni koomatshini kunye nophuhliso lwenkqubo yamandla kunye nemveliso yezixhobo zasekhaya ngaphaya kwezicelo zayo ekwakheni nasekuthuthweni. Ukudibana kwamandla kunye nokuqina kunye nokuguquguquka kwenza le nto ibaluleke kakhulu kwimisebenzi yemizi-mveliso ngelixa isebenza njengento ephambili eqhuba uphuhliso lwemizi-mveliso kunye nenkqubela phambili ezinzileyo.
Inqaku lobuchwephesha: Iiyunithi zokulinganisa
Iingxelo zoshishino zisebenzisa "iitoni ezizigidi" kunye "neetoni ezilinganiselweyo" ngokutshintshana - zombini zibhekisa kwiyunithi efanayo yokulinganisa (i-1,000 kg okanye ii-2,204.62 lbs). Imveliso yentsimbi iyonke yehlabathi ka-2022 ifikelele kwi-1,878 yezigidi zeetoni eziveliswe yiTshayina kunye nabanye abavelisi abaphambili kunye ngaphezu kwesiqingatha sale mali. Ukusetyenziswa "kweetoni ezizigidi" njengeyunithi yengxelo emiselweyo kwenza intsebenziswano yamazwe ngamazwe kunye nokulinganisa imarike kwenzeke ngendlela ehambelanayo.
Imeko yangoku yabavelisi bentsimbi ngo-2024
Amazwe Aphezulu Avelisa Intsimbi
I-China igcina isikhundla sayo njengomvelisi wentsimbi ophambili kwihlabathi liphela ngenxa yeziseko zayo zoshishino ezinkulu kunye nokusetyenziswa okukhulu kwentsimbi yangaphakathi. I-India ikwindawo yesibini ukusukela oko uqoqosho lwayo luqhubeka nokukhula kwaye iindawo zayo zokusebenza ziqhubela phambili ngophuhliso lwemizi-mveliso. Amazwe amathathu iJapan, i-United States, kunye neSouth Korea agqibezela eli qela ngezakhono zawo zobuchwepheshe eziphuhlileyo kunye neenkqubo zokuvelisa ezivelisayo ezikhonza iimarike zehlabathi. Imarike yentsimbi ngoku ibeka phambili izisombululo zokusingqongileyo ezizinzileyo kuba iimarike zentsimbi ziye zamkela ubuchwepheshe bentsimbi eluhlaza obuquka iindlela zokuvelisa ezisekelwe kwi-hydrogen ezithatha indawo yamalahle. Icandelo lamandla avuselelekayo elikhulayo eliquka iinkqubo ze-wind turbine kunye neepaneli zelanga liyandisa isidingo sentsimbi eveliswa ngabavelisi besebenzisa iindlela ezizinzileyo.
Uthelekiso lwabavelisi abakhulu bentsimbi
Iindlela Zembali Zokuvelisa Intsimbi
Uphuhliso lwabavelisi bentsimbi abakhulu
Amandla amathathu aphambili abumbe ukukhula kweenkampani ezinkulu zentsimbi ngohambo lwazo ukusuka ekukhuleni kwemizi-mveliso ukuya kuphuhliso loqoqosho ngaphambi kokuba ziqale ukuzalisekisa iimfuno zemarike yamazwe ngamazwe. I-United States neJamani zifikelele kwinkqubela phambili yezobuchwepheshe ebalaseleyo kunye nophuhliso olukhulu lweziseko zophuhliso ngexesha loguquko lwemizi-mveliso oluzivumele ukuba zibe ngamandla aphambili kwihlabathi liphela kwimveliso. Isiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane yama-20 saphawula ukuvela kweJapan neSouth Korea njengabadlali abakhulu bamazwe ngamazwe ngenxa yeendlela zabo zokuvelisa eziguqukayo kunye nonxibelelwano lwabo olukhulayo lwezorhwebo lwehlabathi. I-China yaba ngamandla aphambili kweli xesha langoku ngophuhliso lwayo olukhulu lweziseko zophuhliso kunye nokwandiswa kwemizi-mveliso exhaswa ngurhulumente okwayivumela ukuba ilawule ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha semveliso yehlabathi. I-India iphumelele inkqubela phambili enkulu kutshanje kuba izixeko zayo zikhulile kwaye abantu bayo bafuna iimveliso ezingaphezulu kwaye urhulumente wayo usebenzise amanyathelo okuvelisa acwangcisiweyo. I-Brazil neRussia kunye ne-European Union zihlala zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ngokusebenzisa amandla azo akhethekileyo ezixhobo kunye neendlela zokuvelisa.
Impembelelo yeZinto zoqoqosho kwiMveliso yeNsimbi
Imveliso yentsimbi iphendula ngokuthe ngqo kutshintsho kwiimeko zoqoqosho olukhulu. Inkqubo yokuvelisa imisebenzi yokwenza intsimbi itshintsha ngokukhawuleza ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso kunye nemida yenzuzo xa iindleko zezinto eziluhlaza ngakumbi i-iron ore kunye ne-coking coal zitshintshatshintsha. Imigaqo-nkqubo yorhwebo kunye neerhafu zayo kunye neenkxaso-mali idala iingenelo zokhuphiswano kwezinye iimarike ngelixa ithintela ukufikelela kwezinye iimarike phakathi kwezizwe ezahlukeneyo. Iindlela ezimbini eziphambili ezichaphazela ukusetyenziswa kwentsimbi kukunciphisa imfuno ngexesha lokudodobala koqoqosho kunye nokwanda kwemfuno evela kulwakhiwo kunye nokwandiswa kweziseko. I-China igcina isikhundla sayo sobunkokeli ngokusebenzisa inkcitho enkulu yeziseko zophuhliso kunye nolawulo lweendleko olucwangcisiweyo, ngelixa i-EU kunye ne-India kunye ne-United States zilandela iimodeli zemveliso ezizinzileyo ukuze zihlale zikhuphisana kwimarike yehlabathi elawulwa ngakumbi.
Abadlali ababalulekileyo kwiShishini leNsimbi
Uhlalutyo lwabavelisi bentsimbi abakhulu
ILuxembourg · Ehlabathini Lonke
ArcelorMittal
Uluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe luyayiqaphela i-ArcelorMittal ngemveliso yayo entsha yentsimbi, nto leyo inkampani iceba ukuyikhupha ngo-2050. Le nkampani isebenza ngeenkqubo zemveliso ezizinzileyo ngelixa ixhasa ubuchwepheshe obunobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo kuyo yonke imisebenzi yayo yokuvelisa yamazwe ngamazwe.
ITshayina · Eyona inkulu kwihlabathi
Iqela leNsimbi laseTshayina iBaowu
IBaowu isebenza njengomvelisi wentsimbi omkhulu kwihlabathi ngelixa isebenzisa iimfuno zoshishino zaseTshayina kunye namanyathelo okukhula axhaswa ngurhulumente ukuphuhlisa imisebenzi yayo yeshishini. Le nkampani inyusa utyalo-mali lwayo kwitekhnoloji yokuvelisa intsimbi enobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo eya kuseka imigangatho emitsha yeshishini.
IJapan · Inkokeli yoBuchule
INippon Steel Corporation
I-Nippon Steel igcina utyalo-mali oluqhubekayo kuphando lwetekhnoloji ukuvelisa iimveliso zentsimbi ezikumgangatho ophezulu. Le nkampani ikhokela uphuhliso lokwenza intsimbi olusekelwe kwi-hydrogen olumisela iJapan njengelizwe eliphambili kwiindlela zemveliso yemizi-mveliso ezisebenzisa ikhabhoni ephantsi kwihlabathi liphela.
Amazwe ali-10 aPhambili avelisa intsimbi ngo-2024
1
iTshayina
Ibandakanya ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha semveliso yentsimbi yehlabathi, eqhutywa ziiprojekthi ezinkulu zeziseko zophuhliso kunye nobukhulu bemizi-mveliso.
2
Indiya
Ukwanda kwamandla emveliso okukhuthazwa yimfuno enamandla yemarike yasekhaya kunye nokwanda kweziseko zoshishino.
3
Japhan
Igcina isikhundla sayo njengomvelisi ophambili wentsimbi yexabiso eliphezulu ngenxa yobuchule bobuchwepheshe kunye nokugqwesa ekusebenzeni.
4
eunited States
Izixhobo zemveliso zanamhlanje kunye nokuzinikela kwiindlela zokwenza intsimbi enobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo.
5
Rhashiya
Igcina amanqanaba emveliso exhaswa ziziseko zendalo ezininzi nangona kukho iingxaki zoqoqosho eziqhubekayo.
6
emaznstie ekorea
Ukuveliswa okuhlanganisiweyo okuphucukileyo kubonelela ngobonelelo olubalulekileyo kumashishini eemoto kunye nokwakha iinqanawa kwihlabathi liphela.
7
Jemani
Ikhokela iYurophu kwiinkqubo zemveliso ezintsha, igxininisa ngakumbi kwimveliso ezinzileyo kokusingqongileyo.
8
ikarikuni
Ixhasa ukukhula okuqhubekayo kwishishini layo lesinyithi elixhaswa ngamacandelo ahlukeneyo nakhulayo emisebenzi yemizi-mveliso.
9
Brazil
Inkokeli yemveliso eMzantsi Melika, exhamla kwiingqokelela ezininzi zezinto eziluhlaza kunye nemisebenzi engabizi kakhulu.
10
Iran
Igqibezela iindawo ezilishumi eziphambili kwihlabathi liphela ngokukhula kwamandla okuvelisa ngaphakathi kunye nokwandisa imisebenzi yokuthumela ngaphandle.
Imizi-mveliso yentsimbi: Inkqubela phambili kwezobuchwepheshe
Uphuhliso lwetekhnoloji yangoku ekwenzeni intsimbi luyichaza ngokutsha ngokusisiseko iinkqubo zemveliso ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno zokusebenza kakuhle, ukuzinza, kunye nokuguquguquka kokusebenza. I-China, i-EU, kunye ne-United States zivele njengeenkokheli kuphando lwentsimbi ekhabhoni ephantsi, ngelixa ukwenziwa kwezinto ngokuzenzekelayo kunye nohlalutyo lwedatha kutshintsha imisebenzi yezityalo kuzo zonke iintlanga ezinkulu ezivelisayo.
Itekhnoloji 01
IiFurnaces zeArc zoMbane (EAF)
Itekhnoloji ye-EAF ivumela ukuphinda kusetyenziswe intsimbi elahliweyo eneemfuno zamandla amancinci xa kuthelekiswa nezitofu zokuqhuma eziqhelekileyo nto leyo ebangela ukukhutshwa kwegesi ezithintela ubushushu kwaye ivumela imveliso eguquguqukayo kuzo zonke iindlela zokuvelisa ezahlukeneyo.
Itekhnoloji 02
Ukwenza intsimbi esekwe kwi-hydrogen
I-hydrogen eluhlaza ithatha indawo yee-arhente zokunciphisa ezisekelwe kwikhabhoni kwinkqubo yemveliso nto leyo ekhokelela ekunciphiseni okukhulu kokukhutshwa kwe-CO₂. I-China, i-EU, kunye ne-US ziqhuba amanyathelo ophando lwehlabathi kule teknoloji iphambili.
Itekhnoloji 03
I-AI kunye nokuFunda koomatshini
Iinkqubo ze-AI kunye ne-ML zijongana nokugcinwa kwangaphambili kunye nemisebenzi yokulawula umgangatho ekhokelela ekusebenzeni kakuhle kwemveliso ngelixa kunciphisa inkunkuma yezinto ezibonakalayo kwizakhiwo zentsimbi ezidityanisiweyo kunye nezityalo ezizenzekelayo.
Itekhnoloji 04
Big Data Analytics
Amaqonga amakhulu edatha avumela iinkampani ukuba zilandelele imixokelelwane yazo yokubonelela, nto leyo ebanceda ukuba benze ukhetho olungcono lokusebenza kwaye balawule uluhlu lwabo lwempahla ngokufanelekileyo. Abavelisi basebenzisa imithombo yedatha yexesha langempela ukulawula izixhobo zabo ngelixa besabela kutshintsho lwemfuno.
Ukuqwalasela iNgingqi: eMzantsi Korea naseAsia-Pacific
Ishishini lesinyithi lehlabathi lixhomekeke eMzantsi Korea kuba imisebenzi yalo yemizi-mveliso idibanisa ubuchwepheshe obuphambili kunye neenkqubo zokuvelisa ezidibeneyo. Iinkampani iPOSCO kunye neHyundai Steel zisebenzisa izitofu zombane kunye nokuphucula imveliso eqhutywa yi-AI ukuze kufezekiswe iziphumo zemveliso ezingcono ngelixa kunciphisa umkhondo wazo kwindalo esingqongileyo. Ummandla we-Asia-Pacific odlula ngaphaya koMzantsi Korea ukhokela ihlabathi kumandla emveliso ngenxa yokukhawulezisa ukukhula kwemizi-mveliso kunye nokwanda kwezixeko eTshayina eIndiya eVietnam naseIndonesia. Uqoqosho lwaseMzantsi-mpuma Asia oluphuhlayo lube ziimarike ezikhulayo lutsala utyalo-mali lwaphesheya ngelixa lukhulisa abasebenzi balo ukuze bakhe inxaxheba yabo kwimixokelelwane yokubonelela ngesinyithi yengingqi neyehlabathi.
Ikamva Elibonakalayo Lokuveliswa Kwentsimbi
Iintsingiselo ezixeliweyo
Iinkampani ziza kuqala ukusebenzisa intsimbi esekwe kwi-hydrogen kunye nezitofu zombane ze-arc ukuze zisebenzise ubuchwepheshe bazo obuluhlaza kuba kufuneka zifezekise iinjongo zekhabhoni ezingenanto. Ukuphunyezwa kwezisombululo zokusetyenziswa kwakhona kunye noqoqosho olujikelezayo kuya kuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwezixhobo ngelixa ubuchwepheshe bobuchwephesha bokwenziwa kunye nobuchwepheshe bokuzenzekela buya kunciphisa iindleko zokusebenza. Ukukhula kwezixeko kunye nophuhliso lweziseko kuya kwenza uqoqosho olusakhulayo lube zezona zinto ziphambili eziqhuba imfuno kwiimarike zehlabathi.
- Utshintsho oluya kwimveliso esekwe kwi-hydrogen kunye ne-EAF
- Uqoqosho olujikelezayo kunye nokwandiswa komxholo ophinda usetyenziswe
- I-AI kunye ne-automation kunciphisa iindleko zemveliso
- Ukukhula kwemfuno kwiziseko zophuhliso zoqoqosho olusakhulayo
Amathuba okukhula
Imithetho yokusingqongileyo ngoku ivelisa imfuno yemarike yentsimbi eluhlaza enceda abavelisi abasebenzisa iinkqubo ezisekelwe kwi-hydrogen phambi kwabakhuphisana nabo. Uphuhliso lweeturbine zomoya kunye nezakhiwo zokufakelwa kwelanga njengeziseko zamandla avuselelekayo luya kudala imfuneko ekhulayo yeemveliso zentsimbi. Amazwe asaphuhlayo agcina imfuno yawo yeemveliso zentsimbi ezikumgangatho ophezulu ezifunwa ziiprojekthi zokwakha ezisebenzayo kunye nophuhliso lweziseko. Ukwanda komdla wokukhangela izisombululo zentsimbi ezizinzileyo kunye nezixhobo zamandla avuselelekayo kubonisa utshintsho oluqhubekayo lwemarike.
- Amathuba amaxabiso aphezulu entsimbi eluhlaza
- Izixhobo zesakhiwo samandla avuselelekayo
- Imfuno yokwakha yelizwe elisaphuhlayo
- Ukwahluka kozinzo kunye nokuthobela imithetho
Imingeni ejongene nabavelisi bentsimbi
- !
Ukuguquguquka kwexabiso lempahla ekrwada
Ukuguquguquka okungalindelekanga kwamaxabiso e-iron ore kunye namalahle okucola — okonyuswe ziingxabano zezopolitiko kunye nokuphazamiseka kwekhonkco lokubonelela — kudala imingeni eqhubekayo yokugcina imida yenzuzo. - !
Ukuqinisa imithetho yokusingqongileyo
Ishishini lesinyithi liphakathi kwezona zikhupha i-CO₂ zinkulu kwihlabathi liphela, lijongene noxinzelelo olukhulayo lokulawula ukwamkela ubuchwepheshe obuzinzileyo kunye nokutshintshela kwiinkqubo zemveliso ezisekelwe kwi-hydrogen. - !
Ukhuphiswano oluvela kwezinye izixhobo
Amashishini eemoto nokwakha aya etshintsha intsimbi nge-aluminium kunye nezinto ezidityanisiweyo, nto leyo edala umngcipheko wemfuno yesakhiwo ngakumbi kwiindawo ezisetyenziswa kakhulu. - !
Ukungaqiniseki komgaqo-nkqubo worhwebo lwehlabathi
Ukuphunyezwa kweerhafu kunye nemiqathango yokuthumela ngaphandle kuyaqhubeka nokungenisa ukuguquguquka kwemarike, ngelixa iimfuno zotyalo-mali oluzenzekelayo oluphambili zibangela ukuba abavelisi abancinci bangabi namdla kukhuphiswano lwehlabathi olunemali engcono.
Imibuzo ebuzwa qho
Imithombo yoReferensi
01 Umthombo
IMarike yeNsimbi kunye neeNdlela zeHlabathi zabadlali abaPhambili bezeNdawo-kwezoQoqosho
Ihlola iindlela zemarike yentsimbi yehlabathi kunye neendlela ezisebenza ngayo imveliso yemimandla ephambili evelisa intsimbi kunye nabadlali bayo kwezoqoqosho.
02 Umthombo
Ishishini leNsimbi neNsimbi: Imbono yeMarike yeHlabathi
Igxile kubuchwepheshe bokwenza isinyithi kunye nezakhiwo zemarike yesinyithi yamazwe ngamazwe, ibonelela ngesakhelo esibanzi sohlalutyo.
03 Umthombo
Izinto ezichonga uqoqosho kunye nomgangatho wemveliso yentsimbi yehlabathi
Uhlalutya izinto zoqoqosho nezomgangatho — kuquka umgaqo-nkqubo wezorhwebo, amandla ezinto eziluhlaza, kunye nemijikelo yemfuno — ezichaphazela amanqanaba emveliso yentsimbi yehlabathi.
