Eli nqaku liphanda ngeendlela ezitshintshayo zoshishino ezibangelwa yinkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji, amanyathelo okugcina uzinzo, ukutshintsha kwemithetho yorhwebo, kunye neemfuno zemarike. Sichaza izinto ezibalulekileyo ezimisela uphuhliso lweshishini lesinyithi kunye nemiphumo yazo yezoqoqosho kumashishini ehlabathi kunye namacandelo emizi-mveliso. Olu phononongo oluneenkcukacha ngemeko yangoku yeshishini lesinyithi nesinyithi lubonelela ngolwazi oluluncedo olunceda iingcali, abatyali-mali, kunye nabafundi ngokubanzi baqonde inkqubo yoqoqosho lwehlabathi.
Isishwankathelo soShishino lweNsimbi neNsimbi lweHlabathi
Imizila yangoku kwiMveliso yeNsimbi
steel Mveliso ifuna Ntathu eyona Izinto leyo zibandakanya bugcisa inkqubela phambili kwaye yokusingqongileyo miselo kwaye utshintsha ngamazwe imarike ibango. The zakutshanje ishishini idata bonisa ukuba abenzi are ukwamkela i-decarbonization ngokusebenzisa le ukuqaliswa of luhlaza isinyithi Mveliso Iindlela leyo ukusebenzisa esekelwe kwi-hydrogen ngqo ukunciphisa te knoloji.
Iindlela eziphambili zeMveliso
- Ukukhokela Abavelisi: iTshayina Indiya kwaye Japhan velisa phantse 50 pesenti of le zehlabathi intsimbi.
- I-Decarbonization Gxininisa: The ishishini is ukwamkela luhlaza isinyithi Mveliso technical leyo ukusebenzisa esekelwe kwi-hydrogen ngqo ukunciphisa iindlela.
- The isinyithi ishishini Unayo yanda ICT scrap metal ebesezisetyenzisiwe ngokusebenzisa ebesezisetyenzisiwe iinkqubo kwaye amalinge leyo inkxaso setyhula umnotho phuhliso.
- The Ntlangano ubuso iyasebenza ubunzima kuba of Mbini eyona izinto leyo zibandakanya Kuvuka amandla indleko kwaye ukuphazamiseka in zabo supply itsheyini.
- The aseYurophu umanyano kwaye Mantla America ukusebenzisa izigwebo kwaye ntlawulo ukuba lawula trade iipateni leyo ukudala ezopolitiko iingxaki.
Abadlali Abaphambili kwiShishini leNsimbi
Ishishini lesinyithi lisebenza ngeenkampani ezahlukeneyo ezibalulekileyo ezilawula imarike ngelixa ziqhuba uphando kunye nemisebenzi yophuhliso.
| inkampani | ikomkhulu | Ukomelela okuphambili |
|---|---|---|
| ArcelorMittal | Ehlabathini (amazwe angama-60+) | Umvelisi omkhulu wentsimbi, ubuchwepheshe obuphambili |
| Iqela leNsimbi laseTshayina iBaowu | iTshayina | Umvelisi ophambili wase-Asia, ingqwalasela yeziseko zophuhliso |
| INippon Steel Corporation | Japhan | Izixhobo eziphambili, imveliso ezinzileyo |
| I-POSCO | emaznstie ekorea | Ubuchwepheshe obuphambili, iindlela ezinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo |
| US Steel Corporation | eunited States | Inkxaso yemarike yasekhaya, iteknoloji ezinzileyo |
| Tata Steel | Indiya | Izibonelelo zaseYurophu naseAsia, ugxininiso lomgangatho |
| JFE Holdings | Japhan | Ubunkokeli bemarike yengingqi |
| Iqela leShagang | iTshayina | Impembelelo yemarike yamazwe ngamazwe |
Ishishini lesinyithi liza kuqhubeka ngezi nkampani ezidibanisa iindlela ezizinzileyo kunye nenkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji kunye notshintsho oluqhubekayo kwezoshishino.
Ulwazi lweNgingqi malunga neeNkampani zeNsimbi nezeNsimbi
Uphuhliso lwesinyithi sehlabathi kunye iimfuno zoshishino lwentsimbi ukuqwalasela izinto zengingqi ezimisela izinto eziphambili ezibangela ukusasazwa kwezixhobo, uphuhliso loqoqosho, kunye nenkqubela phambili kwezobuchwepheshe.
🌏 eAsia
I-China ikhokela njengomvelisi ophambili kwihlabathi liphela kwi-Baowu Steel Group. I-Tata Steel yase-India igxile kumgangatho kunye nefuthe elincinci kwindalo esingqongileyo.
🌍 eYurophu
I-ArcelorMittal isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuphambili ekufezekiseni ukugqwesa kokusebenza kunye neenjongo zozinzo eziqhuba imisebenzi yehlabathi.
🌎 Emantla Melika
I-US Steel kunye neNucor Corporation zidala iimveliso ezizinzileyo ngemizamo yophando nophuhliso oluphambili.
🌎 eLatin America
I-Gerdau isebenza njengomdlali ophambili kwimarike esebenzisa uthungelwano olubanzi lokusasaza iinkqubo zophuhliso oluzinzileyo.
Iinkqubo zeMveliso yeNsimbi
Iindlela Zemveli Zokuvelisa Intsimbi
Ukuveliswa kwentsimbi kuxhomekeke kakhulu kwiindlela ezimbini ezisisiseko: imisebenzi ye-blast furnace kunye neenkqubo ze-basic oxygen furnace (BOF).
Iindlela Zemveli Zokuvelisa
Inkqubo yokuqhuma kwesithando somlilo
Ivelisa intsimbi enyibilikisiweyo ngokudityaniswa kwe-iron ore, i-coke, kunye ne-limestone ezifudunyezwa ngobushushu obuphezulu. Le ndlela isebenze njengeyona ndlela iphambili kangangeminyaka emininzi evumela ukuveliswa ngobuninzi ngempumelelo.
Isithando seOksijini esiSisiseko (BOF)
Icoca intsimbi enyibilikisiweyo ngokuvuthela ioksijini kuyo, inciphisa ukungcola okufana nekhabhoni kwaye iyiguqule ibe yintsimbi esemgangathweni ophezulu. Ibalulekile ekusebenzeni kakuhle kwemveliso yobuninzi.
IiNgxaki zokusiNgqongileyo: Eli shishini kufuneka liphinde liqwalasele iindlela ezisetyenzisiweyo ngenxa yeengxaki zokusingqongileyo ezinxulumene nokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla. Idatha yamva nje ibonisa ukuba ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obucocekileyo njengokubanjwa nokugcinwa kwekhabhoni (CCS) kunye nokuxhomekeka ngakumbi kwimithombo yamandla avuselelekayo kunokunciphisa kakhulu impembelelo yokusingqongileyo.
Uphuhliso Lwanamhlanje Kwindlela Yokubumba Intsimbi
Inkqubela phambili yamva nje kwitekhnoloji yokusika intsimbi ephuhliswe kwiminyaka yakutshanje igxile ekufezekiseni imisebenzi ezinzileyo enika imveliso efanelekileyo yeziphumo ezisemgangathweni.
Inkqubela phambili yezobuGcisa
🤖 I-AI kunye nokuFunda koomatshini
Iinkqubo ze-AI zihlalutya iiseti zedatha ezinkulu ngexesha langempela, zichonga iipateni kwaye zicebisa uhlengahlengiso ukuphucula ukuchaneka, ukunciphisa inkunkuma, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla okuncinci.
🖨️ ITekhnoloji yoShicilelo ye-3D
Ivumela ukuphuhliswa kweenkuni ezichanekileyo kunye neeprototypes ezifuna izixhobo ezimbalwa, okwenza imveliso isebenze ngakumbi.
⚡ Izithando zombane ze-Arc (ii-EAF)
Yenza kube lula ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni ngokusebenzisa imithombo yamandla avuselelekayo. Iingxelo zamva nje zibonisa ukuba ukusebenzisa ezi teknoloji kunokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni ukuya kuthi ga kwi-50%.
Ukuphoswa kwentsimbi kufezekisa iinjongo zemveliso kunye neenjongo zokuzinza kokusingqongileyo ngokusebenzisa izixhobo zamandla acocekileyo, ubuchwepheshe bedijithali banamhlanje, kunye nezixhobo ezizinzileyo.
Amanyathelo oKhuseleko kwiMveliso yeNsimbi
The isinyithi yokuvelisa ishishini iimfuno ukuba enza yokhuseleko ICT eyona phambili kuba ICT Imisebenzi ubuso multiple isondele iingozi leyo kuvela ku ngokugqithisileyo ubushushu umsebenzi iimeko kwaye ubunzima obukhulu izixhobo ukusebenzisa kwaye nobungozi izinto ukuphatha.
IiProtokholi zoKhuseleko ezibalulekileyo
- Izixhobo Zokuzikhusela Zomntu (PPE): Abasebenzi kufuneka basebenzise iihelmethi kunye neeglavu kunye neempahla ezingatshisi ubushushu ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabo.
- Ukubeka esweni okuPhambili: Le nkqubo ibonelela ngokuchongwa kokusilela kwezixhobo kunye nokuchongwa kokuvuza kwegesi ngokusebenzisa amandla ayo okubeka esweni ngexesha langempela.
- Izisombululo ze-Automation kunye neDijithali: Izixhobo ze-IoT kunye neenkqubo zohlalutyo ezisekwe kwi-AI zichonga iingozi zokhuseleko ngaphambi kokuba ziqhubeke zibe ziziganeko eziyingozi.
- Uqeqesho Olupheleleyo: Le nkqubo ifundisa izakhono zokuphendula ngexesha likaxakeka kunye nobuchule bokuphatha izixhobo kunye nokuchonga iingozi emsebenzini.
- Indlela Edibeneyo: Le nkqubo idibanisa iindlela zokhuseleko zembali kunye nophuhliso lwetekhnoloji yanamhlanje ukuze kudalwe inkqubo yokhuseleko esebenzayo.
IGlobal Trade Dynamics
Ukuthunyelwa Kweentsimbi Kumanye Amazwe Nokungeniswa Kwazo
Intsimbi isebenza njengento ebalulekileyo kurhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe, njengoko lonke ilizwe elikhulu lixhomekeke ekuthengisweni kwentsimbi kwamanye amazwe nasekuthunyelweni kwamanye amazwe ukuze lihlangabezane neemfuno zalo zemarike.
| udidi | Amazwe aphambili | Indawo yeMakethi |
|---|---|---|
| Abathumeli abaPhambili | ITshayina, iIndiya, iSouth Korea, iJapan | I-China isaqhubeka nokuthumela isinyithi esikhulu kwihlabathi liphela |
| Abathumeli abaPhambili | eUnited States, eJamani, eItali | Isiseko esomeleleyo semizi-mveliso kunye neemfuno ezisisiseko zezinto eziphathekayo |
| Izinto zorhwebo | Iirhafu, Iingxabano zorhwebo, Uzinzo | Iirhafu zeCandelo 232 zichaphazela iipateni zehlabathi |
Imisebenzi yorhwebo lwentsimbi kwihlabathi liphela isachaphazeleka ziingxabano zorhwebo eziqhubekayo kunye neerhafu zeCandelo lama-232 lase-US. Ubunzima bekhonkco lokubonelela ngempahla kunye nemiba yophuhliso oluzinzileyo iye yavela njengezinto eziphambili ezibumba imithetho yorhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe, njengoko amazwe ezinikele ekusebenziseni izixhobo zentsimbi ezizinzileyo nokusingqongileyo kunye nezisetyenzisiweyo ukuzalisekisa iinjongo zemozulu.
Iipateni zoRhwebo lweNsimbi ezivela kwiiNgxowa-mali eziPhumayo
Urhwebo lwentsimbi lwehlabathi lufumana utshintsho olubalulekileyo oluvela kwiimarike ezisakhulayo ekwandiseni iziseko zazo zoshishino, ekwakheni amaziko asezidolophini, nasekudaleni izibonelelo ezibalulekileyo zeziseko zophuhliso.
IiNdlela zeMarike ezisakhulayo
- Ukunyuka kweIndiya: I-World Steel Association ibika ukuba i-India ibe ngumvelisi wesibini ngobukhulu wentsimbi eluhlaza
- IiMarike eziKhulayo: Ukusetyenziswa kwentsimbi kwandile eIndiya, eBrazil naseVietnam
- Ukugxila kwiMarike: Izisombululo ezisebenzisa ixabiso kakuhle ezinezakhono zokusasaza eziguquguqukayo
- Uveliso lwaseKhaya: Imigaqo-nkqubo yonyusa imveliso yasekhaya inciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwisinyithi saseTshayina
- Impembelelo yexesha elizayo: Iimarike ezisakhulayo ziya kugqiba ngemigaqo-nkqubo yehlabathi kwixesha elizayo kulo lonke icandelo
Iindlela zeMarike yeNsimbi ngo-2025
Uphuhliso lwetekhnoloji, iindlela ezintsha zokuvelisa, kunye neenjongo zophuhliso oluzinzileyo ziya kuqhuba utshintsho olukhulu kwishishini lesinyithi lehlabathi ngo-2025.
2025 Uqikelelo lweMarike
- I-Green Steel Technologies: Ukwamkelwa okwandisiweyo kwemveliso esekelwe kwi-hydrogen ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni
- Izibophelelo zezeMali: Imibutho yemizi-mveliso kunye nekarhulumente ityale imali kwimveliso enobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo
- Iteknoloji yeDijithali: Iinkqubo ze-AI kunye ne-IoT zisebenza kunye ukunciphisa inkunkuma yezinto ezibonakalayo ngelixa ziphucula ukusebenza kakuhle
- Imfuno yeSithili: Iimfuno zeziseko zophuhliso kunye nophuhliso lwezixeko kwiimarike ezisakhulayo zaseMzantsi-mpuma Asia naseAfrika ziqhuba imfuno yemarike
- Uqoqosho Olujikelezayo: Indlela yokusebenzisa kwakhona nokuvelisa intsimbi elahliweyo iye yamkeleka ngokubanzi kulo lonke eli shishini
Uzinzo kwiShishini leNsimbi neNsimbi
Iimpembelelo zeNdalo kunye nokukhutshwa kweKhabhoni
Ishishini lesinyithi nentsimbi lelinye lawona macandelo anegalelo elikhulu ekukhutshweni kwekhabhoni kwihlabathi liphela, lifikelela kwi-8% yeegesi ezikhutshwayo kwihlabathi liphela. Iinkqubo zemveliso ezifuna ukusetyenziswa kwamandla aphezulu zenza umonakalo kwindalo esingqongileyo kuba ukunciphisa i-iron ore kwii-oven eziqhumayo kuxhomekeke kumalahle kunye nezinye izibaso zefosili.
Izisombululo zokusiNgqongileyo
🌱 Ukunciphisa ngokuthe ngqo okusekwe kwi-hydrogen
Itekhnoloji ivavanywa kakhulu kunangaphambili ukuze kuveliswe intsimbi ecocekileyo
♻️ Ukubanjwa, Ukusetyenziswa kunye nokugcinwa kwekhabhoni (CCUS)
Iinkqubo ezivavanyiweyo okwangoku ukuze zisetyenziswe ngobuninzi ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa komoya ongcolileyo
⚡ Ubuchwepheshe be-Electric Arc Furnace
Ukuphuculwa kokusetyenziswa kwentsimbi ephinda isetyenziswe kunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko wekhabhoni
Iinguqu Eziya Kwimisebenzi Eluhlaza
Ishishini lesinyithi litshintshela kwimisebenzi enobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obutsha kunye neendlela ezinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo.
INguqu yoShishino: Ulwazi olutsha lubonisa ukuba imibuzo yokukhangela yehlabathi ngeendlela zokuvelisa intsimbi ezinzileyo nengenakhabhoni inyukile kuba abantu abaninzi bafuna ukufumana izisombululo ezizinzileyo. Imeko yangoku ibonisa ukuba imveliso yentsimbi kufuneka isebenzise imithombo yamandla avuselelekayo njengomoya kunye namandla elanga ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwepetroli yefosili. Lonke eli shishini lifuna ubudlelwane phakathi kwabachaphazelekayo kunye nenkxaso-mali kunye nemizamo yophando eqhubekayo ukuze kufezekiswe iinjongo zalo zokuzinza kokusingqongileyo.
Indima yeTekhnoloji ekuphuculeni uzinzo
Itekhnoloji ibonelela amashishini ahlukeneyo ngezisombululo zophuhliso oluzinzileyo ezivumela amashishini ukunciphisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo ngelixa efezekisa ukusebenza kakuhle.
📊 Uhlalutyo lweDatha oluPhambili
Landelela ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, ukuveliswa kwenkunkuma, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ngexesha langempela
🤖 Ubuchwephesha be-AI
Ukuvelisa kunye nezolimo zigcina amandla ukuya kuthi ga kwi-20% kwimisebenzi ethile
🌐 Itekhnoloji ye-IoT
Iqhagamshela izixhobo ezikrelekrele ukuze zijongwe okusingqongileyo kunye nolawulo olusebenzisa amandla kakuhle
Ubuchule bobuchwephesha kwiShishini leNtsimbi
Ukuhlanganiswa kokwenziwa kwezinto ngokuzenzekelayo kwimveliso yentsimbi
Ukwenziwa kwezinto ngokuzenzekelayo kutshintshe ishishini lesinyithi ngokukwazi kwalo ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle ngelixa kunciphisa inkunkuma yezinto kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso.
Izibonelelo ezizenzekelayo
Iinkqubo zeRobhothi eziPhambili kunye ne-AI
Ukulawula imisebenzi yokuphatha izinto kunye novavanyo lomgangatho kunye nemisebenzi yokujonga inkqubo eyayikade ifuna abasebenzi.
Ii-Smart Sensors kunye noHlalutyo lweXesha langempela
Yenza ulwazi olusebenzisekayo olugcina ulawulo oluchanekileyo kubushushu, uxinzelelo, kunye nokwakheka kweekhemikhali ngexesha lonke lenkqubo yokuvelisa.
Iinkqubo zokuGcinwa kokuGqibela
Chonga ukonakala kwezixhobo okunokwenzeka okunceda ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kokusebenza ngelixa kwandiswa amaxesha okusebenza kweeasethi zoomatshini.
Uzinzo Impembelelo
Ukusebenza ngokuzenzekelayo okudinga amandla amaninzi kubangela ukwehla okukhulu kokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ngelixa kuphucula ukhuseleko lwendawo yokusebenza.
I-AI kunye nempembelelo yayo kwiMveliso yeNsimbi
Ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa (AI) buncede ishishini lokuvelisa intsimbi ukuba liphucule iinkqubo zokusebenza ngokuphucula inkqubo, ukuphucula ulawulo lomgangatho, kunye nokunciphisa iindleko.
Izicelo ze-AI kwiMveliso yeNsimbi
- Ulondolozo Oluqikelelweyo: Ii-algorithms ziqikelela ukusilela kwezixhobo okuvumela ukuba umsebenzi wokulungisa wenziwe ngaphambi kokuba kubekho iingxaki kwaye oku kukhokelela ekunciphiseni ixesha lokungasebenzi kwezixhobo kunye neendleko zokusebenza eziphantsi.
- Ulawulo Lomgangatho: Itekhnoloji yokujonga ikhompyutha ibona iziphene zemveliso ngokuchanekileyo okugqwesileyo okuvumela iinkqubo zemveliso ukuba zigcine imigangatho yazo yomgangatho esele imiselwe.
- Ukuphucula iNkqubo: Inkqubo yonyusa ukusebenza kakuhle ngokuphelisa imisebenzi engeyomfuneko kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla
- Inkxaso Yokuzinza: Le nkqubo idala iindlela ezinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo zokwenza isinyithi ngokusebenzisa iindlela zayo ezizinzileyo.
Imingeni kunye namaThuba oHlumo lwexesha elizayo
Ishishini lesinyithi lijongene nemiqobo emithathu ephambili ekufuneka liyoyise ukuze lifikelele ekukhuleni ngezisombululo ezintsha kwimarike efuna zombini ukhuphiswano oluphuculweyo kunye neendlela ezinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo.
⚠️ Imingeni ephambili
- Ukunciphisa i-carbon footprint ngaphandle kokubeka emngciphekweni ukusebenza kwezemali
- Iimfuno zamandla aphezulu ezenza kube nzima ukutshintsha okuluhlaza
- Ukuphazamiseka kwekhonkco lonikezelo
- Ukutshintsha amaxabiso ezinto eziluhlaza
💡 Amathuba okukhula
- Ubuchwepheshe obuluhlaza (imveliso esekwe kwi-hydrogen, ukubanjwa kwekhabhoni)
- Imfuno ekhulayo evela kwiimarike ezisakhulayo
- Ukwandiswa kweendawo zasezidolophini kudala amathuba amatsha
- Ulwazi kunye nohlalutyo lwedatha oluxhaswa yi-AI
Imibuzo ebuzwa qho
Imveliso yentsimbi itshintsha njani kwicandelo lesinyithi nesinyithi kwihlabathi liphela?
Imveliso yentsimbi kwihlabathi liphela ifumana utshintsho kuba iindlela zombane we-arc furnace kunye neetekhnoloji zokuvelisa zanamhlanje zamkelwe ngamazwe ahlukeneyo. Iingxelo zonyaka zeWorld Steel Association kunye nedatha yemveliso yentsimbi eluhlaza yehlabathi ka-2023 zibonisa ukuba iipatheni zemveliso zitshintshile kuba iTshayina neIndiya zigcina ulawulo lwazo lwemveliso yentsimbi ngelixa iJapan kunye namazwe ahlukeneyo aseAsia naseAfrika zilungisa amandla azo okuvelisa. Abavelisi baseka amanyathelo ophando nophuhliso ngelixa bephuhlisa ubuchwepheshe besayensi yezinto ezibonakalayo obuphambili ukufezekisa iinjongo ezimbini eziquka ukuvelisa iimveliso zentsimbi ezigqityiweyo kunye nokunciphisa amandla okukhupha umbane. Amaqhinga emveliso ezinzileyo yesizwe axhomekeke kulawulo lwamandla kunye nezinto eziluhlaza kunye nokwenza ngcono imisebenzi ye-blast kunye ne-oxygen furnace. Uphuhliso olutsha ludala iziphumo ezitshintsha ukunikezelwa kwentsimbi kwihlabathi liphela kunye nendawo yokukhuphisana yeenkampani ezinkulu zentsimbi ngokuchasene neenkampani zabo zokubonelela.
Ziziphi iingxaki ezijongene neshishini lesinyithi lanamhlanje malunga nokuzinza kunye nokukhutshwa komoya ongcolileyo?
Ishishini lesinyithi kufuneka linciphise ukukhutshwa kwegesi okuvela kwiindlela zesiqhelo zokuqhuma kunye ne-oksijini ngelixa liseka iindlela ezizinzileyo zokuphinda kusetyenziswe kunye nokuvelisa iimveliso zesinyithi ezinekhabhoni ephantsi. I-corporation yesizwe yesinyithi i-Nippon Steel kunye nezinye iinkampani zipapasha iingxelo zozinzo ezichaza utyalo-mali lwazo kubuchwepheshe be-hydrogen kunye nophuhliso lwe-electrical arc furnace kunye nophando lokubamba ikhabhoni. Imibutho ifuna inkxaso-mali ukuze iphumeze iiprojekthi zayo zeziseko zophuhliso ezizinzileyo ezibandakanya ukuphuculwa kwe-fuel system kunye nokuguqulwa kwenkqubo yepetroli kunye nokuphuculwa kwenkqubo yokuvelisa. Imibutho ihlangabezana nobunzima bokusebenza kuba kufuneka ikhusele okusingqongileyo ngelixa iimeko zoqoqosho kunye neemodeli zobunini kunye nobudlelwane nabathengisi zibathintela ekwenzeni utshintsho olubalulekileyo. Amaziko kunye namaziko ophando asebenzisana ukuphuhlisa ubuchwepheshe obutsha obunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi ngelixa belandelela inkqubela phambili kude kube ngu-2025 nangaphaya.
Urhwebo lwentsimbi yehlabathi, ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kunye nokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe, luchaphazela njani uqoqosho lwelizwe?
Amazwe avelisa intsimbi axhomekeke kurhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe ngokungenisa nokuthumela ngaphandle izinto zentsimbi kunye nokungenisa nokuthumela ngaphandle izinto eziluhlaza ezimisela izicwangciso zawo zophuhliso lwemizi-mveliso yesizwe. I-China, njengomthumeli-ngaphandle wentsimbi omkhulu kwimbali ngamanye amaxesha, kunye nabanye abavelisi abaphambili babumba ukuhamba korhwebo lwehlabathi, ngelixa amazwe axhomekeke ekuthumeleni ngaphandle axhomekeke kwizibonelelo ezizinzileyo zeziseko zophuhliso kunye nokuvelisa. Ukuhamba kwentsimbi eluhlaza kunye nentsimbi egqityiweyo phakathi kwamazwe kuchatshazelwa yirhafu kunye namanyathelo okulwa nokulahla inkunkuma kunye nezivumelwano zamazwe amabini ngokwedatha yorhwebo kunye neengxelo zonyaka. Imarike yentsimbi ilandelela utshintsho olufunekayo kwicandelo lokwakha kunye nomzi-mveliso weemoto olukhokelela ekukhuleni koqoqosho kunye nokukhula kwemisebenzi kwicandelo lokuvelisa. Izibalo zorhwebo zibonelela oorhulumente kunye neenkampani ngolwazi abalusebenzisayo ukubala amanqanaba emveliso kunye nomthamo wokuthumela ngaphandle ngokweemeko zangoku zemarike yehlabathi.
Zeziphi iindlela zokubumba kunye nemveliso ezisetyenziswa ngabavelisi bentsimbi kwiinkqubo zabo zemveliso ngoku?
Uphuhliso lwetekhnoloji entsha yokuthunga luqhubela phambili ngeenkqubo zokuthunga eziqhubekekayo eziphuculweyo kunye neendlela zesibini zesinyithi kunye neenkqubo ezizenzekelayo eziphucula isivuno semveliso kunye nomgangatho wemveliso yentsimbi. Iinkqubo zokubeka esweni ngedijithali kunye nolawulo lwenkqubo kunye netekhnoloji ye-furnace ephucukileyo ziyasetyenziswa ngabavelisi ukunciphisa iziphene zemveliso ngelixa befezekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla ngexesha leenkqubo zabo zokwenza intsimbi eluhlaza kunye nentsimbi egqityiweyo. Iinkampani zentsimbi kunye namaziko ophando zandisa ukunikezelwa kwemveliso ngophando kwii-alloys ezintsha kunye nezinto ezidityanisiweyo ezivumela uphuhliso lweziseko zophuhliso kunye namatyala okusetyenziswa okukhethekileyo. Imeko yangoku ibonisa ukwanda kokusetyenziswa kwezinto ezilahliweyo ezisetyenzisiweyo kwii-furnace ze-arc zombane okuphucula ukuzinza kwemveliso kunye nokukwazi ukuphinda kusetyenziswe. Iingxelo zoshishino zibonisa uphuculo lokusebenza ngokuthelekisa ixesha lomsebenzi phakathi kweminyaka ka-2017 no-2023.
Ngawaphi amanyathelo okhuseleko abekwa phambili kwishishini lesinyithi nentsimbi ukukhusela abasebenzi kunye nemisebenzi?
Iindlela zokhuseleko kushishino lwentsimbi zigxile ekulawuleni iimeko eziyingozi ezivela kwimisebenzi yobushushu obuphezulu kunye nokusebenza kwezixhobo ezinzima kunye nokuphathwa kwezinto eziluhlaza. Ezi zakhiwo zimisela iinkqubo zokhuseleko ezingqongqo ezilawula yonke imisebenzi yezithando zokuqhuma kunye nezithando zombane ze-arc, ngelixa zibonelela ngeenkqubo zoqeqesho kunye nezixhobo zokukhusela kunye nezixhobo zokubeka esweni ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokhuseleko. Iinkqubo zokhuseleko zikhusela abasebenzi kunye noluntu olungqongileyo kuba zidibanisa amanyathelo okugcina uzinzo kunye neetekhnoloji zokunciphisa ukukhutshwa komoya. Izityalo zemveliso yentsimbi zisebenzisana namaziko ophando kazwelonke kunye nemibutho yokhuseleko ukuphuhlisa imilinganiselo yokhuseleko kunye nemithetho yokusebenza ehambelana nemigangatho yanamhlanje yoshishino. Imibutho ifumana iingenelo zokusebenza ngokuphuculwa kokhuseleko okuqhubekayo kuba igcina amandla ayo okusebenzisa izibonelelo ezinkulu zemveliso yentsimbi.
Ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kunye nokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe kuyichaphazela njani imbonakalo yemarike yentsimbi kunye namaqhinga enkampani?
Iimeko zemarike yentsimbi kunye namaqhinga eenkampani zifumana ukwakheka kwazo ngemiphumo ethe ngqo eziswa kumaxabiso entsimbi ngaphandle nangaphandle kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kunye nokwenza izigqibo zenkampani. Ezi nkampani zisebenzisa idatha yomanyano lwentsimbi lwamazwe ngamazwe kunye nezibalo zorhwebo zesizwe ukuqikelela imfuno yexesha elizayo ezizinceda zigqibe amandla emveliso kunye neendlela zolawulo lwezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo zentsimbi eluhlaza kunye neemveliso zentsimbi ezigqityiweyo. Ukungalingani kwezorhwebo kudala iimeko ezikhokelela kutshintsho lwesakhiwo sobunini kunye notyalo-mali lwemveliso yasekhaya kunye nophuhliso lwemarike yokuthumela ngaphandle njengoko amashishini ezama ukufikelela kuzinzo lwemveliso. Ukudibana kweerhafu kunye notshintsho lwezinga lokutshintshiselana kwemali kunye nophuhliso olucwangcisiweyo lweziseko zophuhliso kudala isakhelo esimisela ukuba zeziphi amazwe eziza kuba ziiindawo eziphambili zokuvelisa kunye namaqabane abalulekileyo othungelwano lokubonelela. Iipateni zorhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe ezikhoyo namhlanje ziqhuba iinkampani ukuba zikhethe iindawo zazo zophando kunye nophuhliso ezizisebenzisayo ukudala iindlela zoshishino ezixhasa ukukhula kwenkampani okuzinzileyo.
Imithombo yoReferensi
- Ukukhutshwa komoya kwiShishini leNsimbi neNsimbi: Uhlalutyo lweHlabathi lweMikhwa kunye nabaqhubi – Uphando olugxile kwimveliso ekhutshwa yi-iron kunye ne-steel kwihlabathi liphela, kuquka ungcoliseko kunye ne-CO₂.
- Uthelekiso lwaMazwe ngaMazwe lweeNdlela zokukhupha i-CO₂ kwiShishini leNsimbi neNsimbi – Uphononongo oluthelekisa iindlela zokukhupha i-CO₂ kunye namathuba okunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwe-CO₂ kumazwe ahlukeneyo.
- Ukhuphiswano Lwamazwe Ngamazwe kwi-Iron and Steel, 1850–1913 – Uhlalutyo lwembali lokhuphiswano lwamazwe ngamazwe kushishino lwesinyithi nentsimbi ngexesha loguquko lwemizi-mveliso.
