Yintoni iStainless Steel yiMagnetic: Ukuqonda iMagnetism yeStainless Steel

Ukuba yintsimbi engatyiwayo kwaziwa ngokomelela okumangalisayo ekunika yona, iyenza imelane nokubola kwaye ihlale iguquguquka kuluhlu lwemizi-mveliso esetyenziswa ngeendlela ezininzi. Kodwa ihlala ibonakala njengombuzo ongaqhelekanga obuzwayo: ngaba insimbi engenasici inemagnethi? Impendulo ayiqinisekanga, njengoko ubume bemagnethi buxhomekeke kwinqanaba elithile kunye nomgaqo-siseko wesinyithi. Le bhlog ijolise ekuchazeni isayensi emva kokuba kutheni amanye amabakala ensimbi engenasici enemagnethi ngelixa amanye engekho. Ngokuqhelana nezinto ezilawula umazibuthe, ezinje ngolwakhiwo kunye nezinto zokudibanisa, unokulolonga ulwazi lwakho ukuze uqonde ukuba yeyiphi imathiriyeli eyona ilungele umsebenzi. Ukusuka kwiingcali zokwenza izinto ukuya kubabukeli abaqhelekileyo abanomdla malunga nezakhiwo zensimbi engenasici, esi sikhokelo sibanzi sibophelelekile ukuba sikhanyise kulo mbandela.

Intshayelelo yeNtsimbi engatyiwa kunye neMagnetism

Ipropathi yemagnethi kwintsimbi engagqwali ichaphazeleka kakhulu kwaye isekelwe kwisakhiwo sayo sekristale. Izakhiwo eziqhelekileyo ezifumaneka kwintsimbi engagqwali ziyi-austenitic kunye ne-ferritic. Ekubeni uninzi lwayo ine-nickel kuyo, imizimba kwintsimbi engagqwali ye-austenitic, masithi iGrade 304 okanye i-316, ayizukuba yimagnethi ngenxa yesakhiwo sayo se-FCC esingavumeli ukulungelelaniswa kwemagnethi. Iintsimbi ezingagqwali ze-Ferritic, njengeGrade 430, kude namagama azo amahle, nangona kunjalo, ziyimagnethi ngenxa yesakhiwo sazo se-BCC esilungelelanisa iindawo zemagnethi. Ngaphezu koko, ukubakho kwezinto ezidibanisayo kunokuchaphazela imagnethi, kuba umxholo we-nickel uphezulu, kokukhona uzinzo lwesakhiwo se-austenitic lukhula; okukhona esi sakhiwo sigcinwa ngcono, kokukhona ipropathi yemagnethi iphantsi kakhulu . Ukuqaphela la mahluko kubaluleke kakhulu xa ukhetha phakathi kweentsimbi ezingagqwali kwiimeko apho imagnethi inokudlala khona.

Ukuchaza iStainless Steel kunye neeAlloys zayo

Iintsimbi ezingenazintsimbi ziluthotho lweealloyi ezisekwe kwintsimbi, ezaziwa ngandlel’ ithile ngokungaqhelekanga ngokuxhathisa kwazo kwindalo, amandla omatshini, kunye nokukwazi ukumelana neemeko ezigqithisileyo zomoya. Oku kuxhathisa kukhula ngakumbi ngobukho bechromium, ngokuqhelekileyo iqala ngobunzima obuncinci be-10.5%. Ngamafutshane, itekhnoloji yechromium yenza umaleko weoksidi yokwenziwa kumphezulu wentsimbi, ngaloo ndlela ibambezela kakhulu nayiphi na i-oxidation okanye ukurusa.

Ukubaluleka kwezinto ezisisiseko ze-alloying zilele kwi-versatility yensimbi engenasici; umzekelo, i-nickel, i-molybdenum, kunye ne-manganese ziziswa ukufaka isandla kwezinye iipropathi. Ngokomzekelo, i-nickel yenza i-alloy ibe nzima kwaye i-ductile ngelixa inikezela ukuxhathisa ukubola kwi-acids. I-Molybdenum incedisa i-alloy ngokuchasene ne-pitting kunye ne-crevice corrosion, kunye ne-manganese ingena kwi-deoxidization ngexesha lokwenziwa kwe-alloy.

Ngokubanzi, insimbi engenasici ihlelwa ngokwesiseko phantsi kwamagama amahlanu amakhulu ngokwemikrozo kunye neempawu ezihambelanayo: i-austenitic, i-martensitic, i-duplex, kunye ne-precipitation-hardening steels stainless. Iipropati ezicalulwayo zahluke kakhulu enye kwenye. Ngokomzekelo, iintsimbi ze-austenitic stainless zezona zisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwiqela le-non-magnetic kunye ne-formable kakhulu, kwaye, ngoko, zisetyenziswa kwiindawo ezisetyenzisiweyo ezifana nezixhobo zokulungisa ukutya kunye neetanki zemichiza. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-duplex stainless steels ithathwa njengephezulu kumandla kunye nokumelana nokubola kwaye ngoko ke iyasebenza kumashishini olwandle kunye neekhemikhali.

Isishwankathelo seePropati zeMagnetic kwiZinyithi

Iimpawu zemagnethi kwiimetali zixhomekeke kwisakhiwo se-elektroniki esinxulumene nee-elektroni kwii-atomic orbitals zazo. Iimetali ze-Ferromagnetic ezifana ne-Fe, i-Ni, kunye ne-Co zibonisa ngamandla iimpawu zemagnethi ngokulungelelanisa ii-elektroni zazo ezingadibaniyo zonke kwicala elinye, ngaloo ndlela zivelisa umzuzu onamandla wemagnethi. Ezi metali zifumana ukubaluleka kwazo kwiimoto zombane, ii-transformers, kunye nezicelo zokugcina imagnethi.

Izixhobo zeParamagnetic ezifana ne-aluminiyam zibonisa impendulo ebuthathaka kuvuselelo lwemagnethi. Ii-electron ezingadityaniswanga, enyanisweni, zimi ecaleni kwendawo yangaphandle yemagnethi phantsi kweempembelelo zazo, kodwa isiphumo sesokwexeshana kwaye siyayeka ukubakho nje ukuba intsimi yangaphandle evuselelayo isusiwe. Kwelinye icala, iintsimbi zediamagnetic, ezifana nobhedu kunye nesilivere, zinee-electron ezidityanisiweyo ezibonelela ngasezantsi-par ukuxhathisa kuyo nayiphi na i-stimulus magnetic.

Iindidi zeNtsimbi engatyiwayo

Insimbi engenasici ihlelwa ngokweendidi ezine eziphambili ngokwe-microstructure kunye nokwakheka:

1. Intsimbi yeAustenitic engatyiwa

Olu hlobo luqulethe i-chromium ephezulu kunye nomxholo we-nickel kwaye inokumelana ne-corrosion ekhethekileyo kunye nokubumba. Ayinamagnetic kwaye isetyenziswa kwizixhobo zasekhitshini, ukusetyenzwa kweekhemikhali, kunye nokwakhiwa.

2. Intsimbi yentsimbi yeFerritic

I-Ferritic steel stainless steel inozibuthe kwaye inokumelana ne-corrosion elungileyo, njengoko inomxholo owaneleyo wechromium kunye namaxabiso aphantsi ekhabhoni. Ifumana izicelo ikakhulu kumacandelo emoto kunye nezixhobo zoshishino.

3. Intsimbi yentsimbi yeMartensitic

Umxholo wekhabhoni ophezulu kunye nobunzima obukhulu kunye namandla kubonisa olu hlobo. Imagnethi kwaye isetyenziswa ngokubanzi ukwenza izixhobo, iimela, kunye neebhleyidi zomoya.

4. Isiphuthi sensimbi

Amagqabantshintshi ngamaBanga ahlukeneyo eStainless Steel

kwiBanga	Amaphuzu aphambili	Nokumelana Resistance	Magnetic	Izicelo eziqhelekileyo
304	Iyaguquguquka, kulula ukuyila, iyafikeleleka	phezulu	Hayi	Ikhitshi, iityhubhu, iifacade zokwakha
316	Iqulethe i-molybdenum, ixhathisa i-chlorides	Phezulu kakhulu	Hayi	Izixhobo zaselwandle, izitya zeekhemikhali
430	Ifikeleleka, ilungele iinjongo zokuhombisa	Phakathi	Ewe	Iinqwelo zeemoto, izixhobo zasekhitshini
410	Amandla aphezulu, ukumelana nokunxiba	Phakathi	Ewe	I-Cutlery, amacandelo evalvu, iimpompo
2205 (iDuplex)	Udibanisa amandla kunye nokumelana nomhlwa	Zintle	Ewe/Ngokuyinxenye	I-oyile, amashishini egesi, izakhiwo zonxweme
17-4 PH	Imvula iqina, ukomelela okuphezulu	phezulu	Ewe/Ngokuyinxenye	I-Aerospace, izixhobo zenyukliya
316L	Ikhabhoni ephantsi, i-weld-friendly	Phezulu kakhulu	Hayi	Izixhobo zonyango, amashishini amayeza
904L	Ukumelana ne-corrosion ephezulu, i-non-magnetic	ezizodwa	Hayi	Ukulungiswa kwe-Acid, iinkqubo zamanzi olwandle

Iimpawu ze-304 kunye ne-316 ye-Stainless Steel

304 intsimbi engatyiwa:

1. ukwakhiwa:

• Le nsimbi engenasici ine-18% -20% ye-chromium umxholo kunye ne-8% -10.5% ye-nickel enomxholo wekhabhoni ephantsi (<0.08%), ngaloo ndlela iqinisekisa ukuxhathisa okulungileyo kokubola.

2. Nokumelana Resistance:

• Ixhathisa ukubola kakuhle kwimidiya eyahlukeneyo efana namanzi amatsha, umoya, kunye neekhemikhali ezithambileyo kodwa ayixhathisi kwi-acids ezomeleleyo okanye imidiya enekloridi.

3. Iimpahla zoMatshini:

• Amandla Okuqina (MPa): ~505
• Amandla eSivuno (MPa): ~215
• Ukubunjwa okuhle kunye ne-ductility.

4. Ukuweldability:

• Okugqwesileyo kunye nengozi encinci yokwazisa ngexesha le-welding.

5. izicelo:

• Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwizixhobo zasekhitshini, i-auto trim, izixhobo zokulungisa ukutya ngenxa yokuqina okuhle kunye nokugcinwa lula.

316 intsimbi engatyiwa:

1. ukwakhiwa:

• 16-18% chromium, 10-14% nickel, kunye 2-3% molybdenum.
• Ukongezwa kwe-molybdenum kwandisa kakhulu ukuxhathisa ukubola.

2. Nokumelana Resistance:

• Ixhathisa ngokuthelekiswa nemingxuma kunye ne-crevice corrosion chloride-heavy environments kumanzi olwandle okanye iityuwa zemizi-mveliso.

3. Iimpahla zoMatshini:

• Amandla Okuqina (MPa): ~515
• Amandla eSivuno (MPa): ~240
• I-Ductility kunye ne-formability ethelekiswa ne-304 yensimbi engenasici kodwa ngokuhlala kunikezelwe kwiimeko ezinzima.

4. Ukuweldability:

• I-Weldable kakuhle kodwa inokufuna i-post-weld annealing ukuphucula ukuxhathisa kwiimeko ezinzima.

5. izicelo:

• Ukusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo kwiindawo zaselwandle, izixhobo zokulungisa imichiza, ukufakelwa kwezonyango, kunye nokuveliswa kwamayeza ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwayo kwiimeko ezichatshazelwe kakubi.

Ukuthelekiswa kweentsimbi zeFerritic kunye neMartensitic

ipropati	Iintsimbi zeFerritic	Iintsimbi zeMartensitic
Ulwakhiwo lweCrystal	ICubic egxile kuMzimba (BCC)	ICubic egxile kuMzimba (BCC)
amandla	Phakathi ukuya phezulu	Phezulu ukuya phezulu kakhulu
ukuqina	Ubulukhuni obusezantsi	Ukuqina okuphezulu
Nokumelana Resistance	Kuhle, ngakumbi kwimimiselo engeyiyo i-chloride	Imodareyitha, ifuna iingubo ezikhuselayo
ubulushica	Ilungile kwiqondo lokushisa	Phantsi, ngakumbi kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi
Ukuweldability	Ephakamileyo ngenxa yomxholo wekhabhoni ephantsi	Kuncinci, ukufudumeza kwangaphambili kuyafuneka rhoqo
Unyango lobushushu	Ayinakuqiniswa ngonyango lobushushu	Ukunyangwa ngobushushu kwiipropati eziphuculweyo
Ukuhamba kakuhle	I-ductility ephezulu	I-ductility ephantsi
Imagnethi	Magnetic	Magnetic
ngamaqondo yokusebenza	Isebenza kakuhle kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu	Ilinganiselwe kumaqondo aphezulu
izicelo	Iimoto, i-exhausts, izixhobo zasekhitshini	Iimela, izixhobo, iincakuba zeinjini yomoya

Kutheni ezinye iiStainless Steels Magnetic?

Izakhiwo zekristale ze-martensitic okanye ze-ferritic zinamandla ombane kwintsimbi engagqwali . Ezi zakhiwo zivela kwiintsimbi ezingagqwaliyo ezinesakhiwo sentsimbi esiphezulu kodwa zinoxinzelelo oluphantsi lwe-nickel. Umzekelo, iintsimbi ezingagqwaliyo ze-ferritic zinamandla ombane kuba ulungiselelo lwe-atomic lwekristale luxhasa amandla ombane. Kwelinye icala, iintsimbi ezingagqwaliyo ze-austenitic, ezinobukho obuphezulu be-nickel, azinamandla ombane kwiimeko ezingaqhelekanga kuba izakhiwo zazo zekristale ziphazamisa ukulungelelaniswa kwamandla ombane. Ngoko ke, ipropathi yemagnethi ixhomekeke kulwakhiwo lwe-alloy kunye nesakhiwo sayo sekristale.

Indima yeChromium kwiMagnetism

I-Chromium ngandlel 'ithile inefuthe kwiipropathi zemagneti zeentsimbi ezingenasici ikakhulu ngokuchaphazela ulwakhiwo lwekristale kunye nokumelana nomhlwa kwezinto. Xa i-chromium yongezwa kwintsimbi kwivolumu efanelekileyo, i-passive oxide layer yenziwa, iphucula ukuxhathisa kwe-corrosion, eyona nto iyinto yensimbi engenasici. Impembelelo yechromium kwimagnetism ifihlakeleyo kakhulu kodwa ibaluleke kakhulu. I-Chromium izinzisa ezinye izakhiwo zekristale, njengesakhiwo esisembindini somzimba setyhubhiki yeentsimbi ze-ferritic, ezibonakalisa ulungelelwaniso lwemagnethi. Ngokuchaseneyo, kumabanga e-austenitic, i-chromium ibonakala ilungelelene kunye nezixa ezandisiweyo zenickel kunye ne-manganese ukuzinzisa ukwakheka kwe-cubic (FCC) yobuso, ephazamisa imimandla yemagnethi elungelelanisiweyo, isenza intsimbi ingabi ngumagnetic. I-chromium yoxinaniso, i-alloy alloy composition, kunye ne-crystal structure ibalulekile kumabakala ensimbi engenasici ukwenzela ukuba zithengiswe kwizicelo ezithile zemagnetic kunye nezingezona magnetic. Ukusebenzisa olu lwazi ngokufanelekileyo kuya kuqinisekisa ukuba izixhobo zisebenza ngokufanelekileyo kwiimfuno ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza kumashishini afuna ukuchaneka okuphezulu okufana ne-aerospace kunye nezixhobo zonyango.

Ukuqonda amaBanga eNsimbi kunye neMagnetism yawo

I-Nickel idlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekuchaphazeleni ipropathi yamagnetic yensimbi engenasici. Inika uzinzo kwi-austenitic crystal structure xa ifakwe kwi-iron-chromium alloys, iyenza i-cubic egxininiswe ebusweni (FCC) ngokuchasene ne-cubic egxilwe ngumzimba (BCC) okanye izakhiwo ze-tetragonal (BCT) ezigxilwe ngumzimba. Ekubeni i-FCC, i-austenitic stainless steels ezifana ne-304 kunye ne-316 zibhekwa njenge-non-magnetic. Nangona kunjalo, ukusebenza okubandayo okanye ukuguqulwa komatshini kunokuzisa uguquko lwe-martensite, oluneempawu ezibuthathaka zemagneti.

Usetyenziso lweMagnetic Stainless Steel

1. Amacandelo oMbane kunye ne-Electronic

Intsimbi yeMagnetic stainless ifumana ukusetyenziswa okubanzi kwiziguquli, i-solenoids, kunye nokuhanjiswa. I-permeability kunye nokulawulwa kombane wezinto eziphathekayo kuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuthembeka. Umzekelo, ukusetyenziswa kwamabakala 430 kunye nama-409 entsimbi engatyiwayo kwimihlaba ye-electromagnetic kugqwesile, kunye nokungena kwemagnethi ngokulula ukufikelela kumaxabiso angaphaya kwama-200 µH/m.

2. Industry Automotive

Esi sixhobo sifumana indlela yokuvelisa ii-injection zamafutha, izinzwa, kunye neenkqubo zokukhupha kwizityalo zemoto. I-magnetic steel stainless steel igcina ukusebenza kakuhle kwezixhobo phantsi kweemeko ezinzima ngenxa yeempawu zayo zamagnetic kunye nokumelana nokubola. Umzekelo, iintsimbi ezingenazintsimbi ze-ferritic zisetyenziswa kakhulu ngenxa yokuba lukhetho olunexabiso eliphantsi kunye nokuphendula okugqwesileyo kumagnethi.

3. Izixhobo zonyango

Iintsimbi zemagneti ezingenazintsimbi zifumana izicelo ekwenziweni kothintelo olukhuselayo lweMedical Resonance imaging (MRI) kunye nesixhobo sotyando. Insimbi engenasici, kunye neempawu zayo zokuphazamiseka kwamagnetic encinci kunye ne-biocompatibility, iya kubeka emngciphekweni ukhuseleko lwezixhobo ezibuthathaka kunye nokuchaneka. Ezi ntsimbi ezingenasici, ngakumbi i-430F, zihlala ziqeshwa kwizixhobo zotyando ngenxa yobuchule bazo kunye nokuziphatha okulawulwayo.

4. abaxhoziweyo

Intsimbi engatyiwa yimagnethi ingasetyenziswa kuzo zonke iindawo zasekhaya ekwakhiweni koomatshini bokuhlamba, iifriji, kunye nezixhobo zokuhlamba izitya. Izinto ezinjalo zisebenza njengomthombo wamandla kazibuthe kunye nokwakhiwa kwepolisi ekhangayo, ngoko ke ukulinganisa ukusebenza kunye nokuqina.

5. Ulwakhiwo kunye neZiseko zoPhuhliso

Ibekwe ngaphakathi kulwakhiwo, intsimbi ye-magnetic stainless steel isoloko isetyenziselwa ubume bezakhiwo, ukuqiniswa kwezakhiwo, kunye neenkqubo zokuqinisa. Amandla ayo, adityaniswe nokuchasana nemingeni yokusingqongileyo, iqinisekisa ixesha elide lazo naziphi na iinzame zeziseko zophuhliso.

6. Izixhobo zoShishino kunye nezeMveliso

Ukusetyenziswa kuShishino loKwakha

Iintsimbi ezingenastainless ziye zaphucula ngokwenene uyilo lweziseko zophuhliso kummandla wokwakha. Ukusuka kwiipropathi ezinganyangekiyo kwi-corrosion, ngamandla kunye nokuqina, nokuqinisekisa ukuba ezi meko zemozulu zigqithise ngokungaqhelekanga zithathelwa ingqalelo ekuthengeni okunengqiqo kwezakhi, intsimbi engenastainless isetyenziselwa imiqadi, iintsika kunye neefaçades. Insimbi engenasici, umzekelo, ifumana ukusetyenziswa kwayo okuphambili ekugqunyweni kwezakhiwo eziphakamileyo, apho ikwathandeka ngobuhle ngokwaneleyo ukunika inkxaso yokumelana nemithwalo ephezulu yomoya kunye nokuhlaselwa kokusingqongileyo.

Ekubeni ingenasilima, iqhubela phambili ekuqiniseni ulwakhiwo lwekhonkrithi olubalelwa ukuxhathisa uhlaselo lwekloridi kwiimeko zaselwandle okanye kwimizi-mveliso. Uphando lubonisa ukuba ubomi bolwakhiwo lwekhonkrithi eyomeleziweyo bungaphuculwa kakhulu xa intsimbi yentsimbi engenasiphene isetyenziswa ngokunciphisa izigaba zomonakalo oqalwe kukuhlwa. Ngaphezulu koko, isinyithi esingenasici sinokuphinda sisetyenziswe, siphezulu kakhulu kwindlela yokwakha ezinzileyo ukuncedisa ekwakheni i-eco-friendly infrastructure. Ukuqwalasela ukusebenza, ubomi, kunye nokusingqongileyo kwenza insimbi engenasici ibe yimathiriyeli yobuchule kwisizukulwana esitsha soshishino lokwakha.

Usetyenziso lwezeMveliso kunye noomatshini

1. Izixhobo zoKutya neziselo

Insimbi engenastainless isetyenziswa kakhulu ekwenziweni koomatshini bokwenza ukutya, iitanki zokugcina, iinkqubo zokuhambisa, kunye nezixhobo zococeko. Ukugxothwa kweebhaktheriya phezu komphezulu wayo kuqinisekisa imigangatho yococeko kunye nokhuseleko. Umzekelo, uhlobo lwe-304 yensimbi engenasici isetyenziswa ikakhulu ngenxa yokuba inokumelana kakuhle ne-corrosion kunye ne-acids yokutya.

2. IZixhobo zoNyango kunye nezoNyango

Izixhobo, izixhobo zonyango kunye nebhubhoratri yesibonelelo sobomi, zifuna imigangatho ephezulu ye-biocompatibility kunye ne-sterilization elula enokuthi ibonelele kuphela ngensimbi engenasici. Phakathi kwazo, i-316 L inonyango olungcono lokuchasa imingxuma kunye nokuhlwa okubangelwa zizinyibiliko zesaline kunye nolwelo lomzimba.

3. Izityalo zokuLungisa iiKhemikhali

Intsimbi engatyiwayo ibandakanya iinxalenye ezibalulekileyo zemikhumbi yereactor, izitshintshi zobushushu, kunye nemibhobho kumashishini ekhemikhali apho iikhemikhali ezinobundlobongela zisebenza njengokutyhileka. Umzekelo, i-duplex steel stainless 2205 inikezela ngeyona ndlela yokumelana noxinzelelo lwe-corrosion cracking kwaye yomelele kakhulu naphantsi kweemeko ze-asidi kunye ne-chloride-laden.

4. Industry Automotive

Iimeko zokwakhiwa kohola wendlela kunye neemoto ziquka iinkqubo zokukhupha, iitanki zepetroli, kunye nezakhiwo zesakhelo ezifuna isinyithi esingenasici sokuphucula ukusebenza phantsi kweemeko ezixinzelelekileyo. Idatha iphinda ibonise ukuba i-ferritic stainless steels inokunciphisa ubunzima besithuthi nge-15%, ngoko ke ukwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwamafutha kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa.

5. Ubunjineli be-Aerospace

Enye ingcamango ephosakeleyo malunga neentsimbi ezingenasici kukuba azikho imagnetic kuzo zonke iimeko. Ngokuqinisekileyo, ezinye iindidi zeentsimbi ezingenasici azikho i-magnetic; abanye abaninzi, endaweni yoko, babonisa iimpawu zemagnethi. Iintsimbi ze-Austenitic zinokuthi zenziwe ngemagnethi ukuya kwinqanaba elithile, ngelixa iintlobo ze-ferritic kunye ne-martensitic zimagnetic ngokupheleleyo.

Iingcamango ezingezizo eziqhelekileyo malunga ne-Stainless Steel Magnetism

Ulungelelwaniso oluguqukileyo lukhona malunga neepropathi zokuqina zoguquko olubandayo. Ngamanye amazwi, ukonyuka koguquko olubandayo kubangela ukuhla kweepropathi ze-tensile kunye ne-austenitic stainless, njengentsimbi ye-304 kunye ne-316 kwimpahla yasekhitshini kunye nezixhobo zonyango, ngokubanzi azinamagnetic ngokuziphatha okuncinci kwemagneti phantsi kwe-deformation okanye i-welding kwezinye iimeko.

1. Iintsimbi zeAustenitic ezingenanto

Ngokubanzi, ezi zi-nonmagnetic ngenxa yesakhiwo se-crystalline. Iintsimbi ze-304 kunye ne-316 amabakala, ezifumana ukusetyenziswa kwazo okuqhelekileyo kwi-kitchenware kunye nezixhobo zonyango, zimi kwinqwelomoya enye. Kwezinye iimeko, kwanotshintsho oluncinci okanye ubushushu be-welding bunokubangela ukuziphatha okuncinci kweentsimbi.

2. Iintsimbi zeFerritic ezingatyiwayo

Iintsimbi zeFerritic ezifana nebakala 430, ngokuqinisekileyo, zimagnetic. Umtsalane wemagnethi uyenzeka ngenxa yokuba ulwakhiwo lwekristale luyakuvumela; kungoko, izicelo zibandakanya izilungisi zemoto kunye nezixhobo zombane.

3. Iintsimbi ze-Martensitic

Amabanga e-martensitic, afana nama-410 kunye nama-420, nawo anemagnethi. Ezi ngokuqhelekileyo zisetyenziselwa ukwenza iincakuba zeemela kunye nezixhobo zemizi-mveliso ezifuna ubulukhuni kunye nokomelela okukhulu.

Ubudlelwane phakathi kokwakhiwa kwentsimbi, ukusetyenzwa, kunye nemagnethi kufuneka kucace ngokukodwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba izinto ezichanekileyo zinokukhethwa kwisicelo esithile.

Ukujongana neNtsomi yeNtsimbi eNgenaMagnetic

Oku kunokuvakala kungaqhelekanga, kodwa kukho uhlobo oluthile lwemagnethi kwintsimbi engenasici emva kwayo yonke loo nto. Iimpawu zamagnetic zensimbi engenasici zikhula ngokumalunga ne-microstructure yayo, leyo ixhomekeke kukwakheka kweekhemikhali kunye neenkqubo zokuvelisa ezinxulumene nazo. Iintsimbi ze-Austenitic stainless ziqhele ukubizwa ngokuba ziindidi "ezingezizo-magnetic" ukusukela kwisakhiwo esibalaseleyo, ikristale ekwi-face-centered cubic (FCC), ayinakusebenza njengemagnethi eyomeleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, phantsi kotshintsho oluziswe kukusebenza okubandayo okanye ukuguqulwa, iindawo zemathiriyeli zinokuguqukela nokuba kulwakhiwo lwe-martensitic okanye lwe-ferritic, ngaloo ndlela lunike i-magnetism kuyo.

Ngeentsimbi ze-ferritic kunye ne-martensitic ezingenasici ezinozibuthe ngenxa yesakhiwo sekristale ye-cubic (BCC) yomzimba, amabakala e-ferritic afana ne-430 anomagnetic kwimeko yawo yendalo; ngokuchaseneyo, i-martensitic ifumana amandla kunye nobulukhuni kodwa igcina imagnetism. Lo mahluko ubalulekile ukuba umazibuthe unokuthintela umsebenzi wezixhobo, ezinje ngombane okanye izixhobo zonyango.

Mandongeze ngakumbi ukuba ukuwelda okanye ukuvezwa kutshintsho lobushushu obugqithisileyo kunokutshintsha iipropathi zemagneti zentsimbi engatyiwayo. Umzekelo, unyango lobushushu lutshintsha i-microstructure, ngelixa olo tshintsho lunempembelelo kwi-permeability kunye nendalo ye-ferromagnetic yezinto. Xa ezo nkcukacha zintsonkothileyo ziqondwa, iinjineli kunye nabayili banokwenza ukhetho olubanzi oluhlangabezana neemfuno zokusebenza kunye nokusebenza koyilo, umsebenzi oqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa kakuhle kwentsimbi engenasici kumashishini ahlukeneyo.

Ukuchongwa kweMagnetic vs

Iintsimbi ezingenastainless zahlulwe ngokubanzi kwiintsapho ezininzi, nganye ineempawu ezahlukeneyo zemagneti ezivela kulwakhiwo lwekristale kunye nokwakheka. Iindidi ezimbini eziphambili ezihlala zixoxwa kulo mxholo ziyi-austenitic kunye ne-ferritic / martensitic stainless steels.

Iintsimbi ze-Austenitic ezingenasici, ezinje ngebanga lama-304 kunye ne-316, azikho-magnetic kwimeko yazo. Oku kubangelwa yi-cubic ebusweni-centered (FCC) isakhiwo sekristale, esingaxhasi i-ferromagnetism. Njengenqaku elibalulekileyo, nangona kunjalo, ukusebenza okubandayo / ukuguqulwa kunokubangela ukuguqulwa kwenxalenye kwi-martensite ethande ukuba yimagnethi encinci; ngenene, izinto ezinjalo kufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa kuxhomekeke kwimpendulo kazibuthe ye-austenitic imathiriyeli ekubeni ezi zantlukwano processing-induced kuchaphazela umazibuthe eboniswe yintsimbi stainless.