Intsimbi ye-alloy , into eyaziwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa kwayo kunye nazo zonke iimpawu zayo, ngumxholo wenqaku lanamhlanje. Kweli nqaku, emva kokujonga intsingiselo yegama elithi intsimbi ye-alloy, siza kujonga ngokweenkcukacha iimpawu zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zentsimbi ye-alloy kunye nendlela ezisetyenziswa ngayo kumashishini ahlukeneyo afana neemoto, i-aerospace, ulwakhiwo, kunye nokuvelisa, phakathi kwamanye amashishini amaninzi. Ukuba wakha wazibuza ukuba uluntu ludala kwaye luyila njani izinto ezisebenza kakuhle ezifunekayo ukuze zisebenze phantsi kweemeko ezinzima, le ntsimbi ye-alloy ibalulekile, kwaye eli nqaku liza kukwazi ukuchaza nokunika ulwazi oluninzi malunga nentsimbi ye-alloy. Ke, qhubeka njengoko singena nzulu kubunjineli bezinto kwaye sijonge enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo.
Yintoni i Intsimbi yentsimbi, kwaye Yahluke njani kwi IConbon Steel?
Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo zentsimbi yealloy kukukwazi ukumelana neemeko ezigqithisileyo, iyenza ibe yeyona nto ifanelekileyo kumashishini afana nokwakha kunye neemoto. Oku kungenxa yokwakhiwa kwentsimbi ye-alloy, equkethe izinto ezifana ne-manganese, i-chromium, kunye ne-nickel, phakathi kwezinye. Olu luhlu luphucula ukubunjwa kwesiseko, okuyintsimbi. Zonke ezi zinto zonyuse iipropathi zizonke zentsimbi, ngakumbi amandla ayo, ukuxhathisa ukubola, ukunxiba kunye nokumelana nobushushu, nokunye okuninzi.
Ukwahlula okuphambili phakathi kwensimbi ye-alloy kunye nezinye iintlobo zetsimbi, ngokukodwa i-carbon steel, kukuqaliswa okunenjongo kwezinto ezixutywayo ngexesha lokwenziwa kwensimbi. Intsimbi yeCarbon ikakhulu ibandakanya intsimbi kunye nekhabhoni, ehlala iyinto ephambili yokudibanisa. Nangona ukuqina kunye nokuqina kwentsimbi ye-carbon kunengqiqo, amandla, ukuqina, kunye nezinye iimpawu ezinqwenelekayo zentsimbi yealloy zigqithise ukusetyenziswa kwazo, okwenza ukuba zisebenziseke ngokubanzi.
Iinzuzo zokusebenzisa i-alloy steel phezu kwe-carbon steel zithathwe kwiimpawu zokusebenza ezingcono ezifana namandla okuqina, ukuqina okugqwesileyo, kunye neempembelelo ezibaluleke ngakumbi kunye nokuxhathisa ukukhathala. Uluhlu olubanzi lwamashishini, njengeemoto, i-aerospace, ukwakhiwa, kunye nokuvelisa, sebenzisa insimbi ye-alloy kumacandelo afuna ukuba omelele kwaye athembeke kwiindawo zokusebenza ezifunayo. Ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo kunye nobuninzi bezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo, intsimbi ye-alloy ingaba neempawu ezifunwayo kwisicelo esithile, evumela ukuqhubela phambili kwezobuchwepheshe kunye nophuhliso olubonakalayo lobunjineli obunamandla.
ukuqonda Intsimbi luhlobo ye Alloy
Ukuba yi-alloy, intsimbi ibalulekile kumashishini amaninzi ngenxa yamandla ayo amangalisayo kunye nokuqina kwayo. Iqukethe isinyithi kunye nekhabhoni, eyona nto iphambili yokudibanisa. Sekunjalo, ukubamba ezinye iinkqubo zokudibanisa kuphucula iimpawu zentsimbi kunye nokusebenza. Intsimbi ye-alloy iphawuleka ngokusebenza kwayo okusebenzayo ngenxa yokongezwa kwezinto ezivuthayo ezivuthayo, ukuphucula izakhono zayo zokusebenza kunye namandla, ukumelana nempembelelo, kunye nokumelana nokudinwa. Iintsimbi ze-alloy, ke ngoko, zifunwa kakhulu kumashishini afana neemoto, i-aerospace, ulwakhiwo kunye nokuvelisa. Iintsimbi ze-alloy ziphawulwa ngamandla abo kunye nokuthembeka ngexesha leendlela ezipheleleyo zokusebenza phantsi kweemeko ezinzima zokusebenza. Iintsimbi zealloy zinokusetyenziswa kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo ngenxa yohlengahlengiso olulula lwesinyithi. Kunokwenzeka ukuba ukhethe ukuxinwa kwezinto ezixutywayo kwintsimbi ye-alloy ngendlela yokuba isicelo esithile siyakwazi ukufumana iipropati ezifunekayo. Oku kuvula iingcango zokusungula kunye nemida yobunjineli kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zamashishini.
Umahluko phakathi Intsimbi ye-alloy kunye neCarbon Steel
I-Metallurgy kunye neSayensi yeMaterial yahlula intsimbi yealloyi kwintsimbi enezinto ezidibanisayo ngaphandle kwekhabhoni. Izinto ze-alloying ezifana ne-manganese, i-chromium, i-nickel, okanye i-molybdenum zongezwa ukwandisa iimpawu ezithile okanye i-proprietà, njengokwandisa amandla, ukuqina, kunye neqondo lokubola okanye ukunxiba. Kwelinye icala, intsimbi yekhabhoni yintsimbi ecacileyo kunye nekhabhoni, kwaye akukho xabiso laneleyo lezinye izinto ezidibeneyo. Inkampani yase-US Steel ithi intsimbi eyomeleziweyo inesiphumo esisezantsi sovavanyo lwe-elasticity kune-carbon alloy ngenxa yobukho bezinto ezidibeneyo kwintsimbi. Kukho izicelo ezahlukeneyo zentsimbi, kwaye nganye ifuna ukubunjwa okucacileyo kwezinto ezixutywayo ukususela ekubeni yonke insimbi inezinto ezifanayo zokudibanisa kwimilinganiselo eyahlukeneyo.
Njengayo nayiphi na enye imveliso, ixabiso lentsimbi lixhomekeke kwizinto ezongeziweyo kwintsimbi. Iintsimbi zekhabhoni zinexabiso eliphantsi kunentsimbi yealloyi kuba zine-Iron kunye neCarbon njengezithako zazo eziphambili. Ngenxa yoku, iintsimbi zekhabhoni zithambile ngakumbi kwaye zinamandla aphezulu okudibanisa i-weld. Ngoko ke, nangona iintsimbi zekhabhoni zingabizi kakhulu, zanele kwizicelo ezininzi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngenxa yokubandakanya izinto ezininzi zokudibanisa, iindleko zeentsimbi ze-alloy zinyuka ezinyusa amandla kunye nezinye iimpawu zentsimbi ezenza ukuba zifaneleke ngakumbi kwi-synthesis yobunjineli obunzima. Ke, yintoni ebeka i-alloy iron kunye ne-carbon steel ngokwahlukileyo, ibilisa ngokusisiseko kwimichiza yazo. Ukusuka kwi-Iron kunye neCarbon eyenza i-carbon steel, ukubandakanya izinto ezixutywayo zokuqinisa intsimbi ye-alloy, iimpawu ekubunjweni zigqiba ukusebenza kakhulu. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ezi ntlobo zimbini zikhankanywe ngasentla zisetyenziselwa i-automotive, i-aerospace, ukwakhiwa kunye namashishini okuvelisa.
Indima ye Alloying Elements kwiNsimbi
Izinto ezidibanisayo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekwandiseni iipropathi zentsimbi kunye nokusebenza, okwenza ukuba ilungele uluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo kumashishini ahlukeneyo. Xa izinto ze-alloying zongezwa kwintsimbi kunye nekhabhoni, ziguqula i-microstructure yensimbi, okukhokelela ekuphuculeni amandla, ukuqina, ukuqina, kunye nezinye izinto ezithile.
Nazi ezinye izinto ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kunye negalelo labo kwiipropati zentsimbi:
- IChromium (Cr): I-Chromium isoloko yongezwa kwintsimbi ukomeleza ukuxhathisa umhlwa. Yenza umaleko we-oxide okhuselayo kwindawo yentsimbi, ukuthintela i-oxidation kunye nokubola.
- Umzimveliso (Ni): I-Nickel yaziwa ngokuphucula ukuqina kwentsimbi kunye nokumelana nempembelelo. Ikwaphucula ukuxhathisa kwentsimbi kumhlwa kunye neendawo ezinobushushu obuphezulu.
- I-Manganese (Mn): I-Manganese yongezwa kwintsimbi ukuphucula amandla ayo kunye nokuqina. Kwakhona kuncedisa ekubunjweni kwe-microstructure ecolekileyo, okubangelwa ukuqina okuphuculweyo kunye nokuxhatshazwa kokugqoka.
- IMolbdenum (Mo): I-Molybdenum yongeza amandla ensimbi kunye nokuqina, ngokukodwa kumaqondo aphezulu okushisa. Ikwaphucula ukuxhathisa kwentsimbi kwi-corrosion kunye ne-pitting.
- IVanadium (V): I-Vanadium iphucula amandla entsimbi, ukuqina, kunye nokumelana nokunxiba. Kwakhona kunceda ukucokisa ukwakhiwa kweenkozo, okukhokelela ekuphuculeni iimpawu zomatshini.
- I-Tungsten (W): I-Tungsten yongeza ukuqina kwentsimbi, ukomelela, kunye nokuzinza kobushushu obuphezulu. Isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwiintsimbi zesixhobo sokusika, ukugrumba, okanye ukubunjwa kwezicelo.
Ezi zinto zokudibanisa, kunye nezinye ezifana ne-silicon, i-copper, kunye ne-titanium, zikhethwe ngokucophelela kwaye zongezwa kwimiyinge ethile ukufezekisa iipropati ezifunwayo kwintsimbi. Ukukhethwa kwezinto ezidibeneyo kuxhomekeke kwisicelo esijoliswe kuyo kunye neemfuno ezithile zemveliso yokugqibela. Ngokusebenzisa iipropati ezikhethekileyo ezinikezelwa ngezi zinto zokudibanisa, abavelisi bentsimbi banokudala amabakala ensimbi afanelekileyo ahlangabezana neemfuno ezingqongqo zamashishini ahlukeneyo kunye nokusetyenziswa.
Zintoni Eziqhelekileyo Iintlobo zentsimbi ye-Alloy?
Insimbi ye-alloy ibandakanya uluhlu olubanzi lwamabakala ensimbi abonisa iimpawu eziphuculweyo ngenxa yokongeza izinto ezithile zokudibanisa. Ezi zinto zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekulungelelaniseni oomatshini bentsimbi, iikhemikhali, kunye neempawu zomzimba ukuze zihlangabezane neemfuno zemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo. Ezinye iintlobo eziqhelekileyo zentsimbi ye-alloy ziquka:
- Intsimbi yeChrome-Moly: Olu hlobo lwensimbi ye-alloy, eyaziwa ngokuba yintsimbi ye-chromoly, iqulethe i-chromium kunye ne-molybdenum. Inika amandla akhethekileyo, ukuqina, kunye nokuxhathisa ubushushu, iyenza ilungele iimoto, i-aerospace, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla.
- Yenziwe ngentsimbi eshayinayo: Insimbi engenasici luhlobo oludumileyo lwensimbi ye-alloy equkethe i-chromium, i-nickel, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ezinye izinto ezifana ne-molybdenum okanye i-titanium. Ibonelela ngokumelana nokugqwesa okugqwesileyo, amandla aphezulu, kunye nesibheno sobuhle, iyenza isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kulwakhiwo, izixhobo zonyango, kunye nekhitshi.
- Isixhobo seSinyithi: Isixhobo sensimbi yenzelwe ngokukodwa izicelo ezifuna ubunzima obuphezulu, ukuxhathisa ukunxiba, kunye nokuqina. Ngokuqhelekileyo iqulethe izinto ezifana ne-tungsten, i-vanadium, okanye i-cobalt, ephucula amandla ayo okusika kunye nokubumba. Isixhobo sensimbi sisetyenziswa kakhulu ukwenza izixhobo zokusika, ukubumba, kunye nokufa.
- Intsimbi yeNickel: Insimbi ye-nickel yi-alloy equkethe inani elibalulekileyo le-nickel. Ibonisa ukomelela okugqwesileyo, ukuxhathisa impembelelo, kunye neempawu zobushushu obuphantsi. Intsimbi ye-nickel isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kulwakhiwo, iibhulorho, kunye neenqanawa zoxinzelelo.
Le yimizekelo embalwa yeentlobo ezininzi zentsimbi ekhoyo, nganye ilungiselelwe ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezithile zokusebenza kumashishini ahlukeneyo. Ukukhethwa kwentsimbi ye-alloy kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezifana namandla, ukuqina, ukuxhathisa ukubola, kunye neemfuno ezithile zesicelo esicetywayo. Abavelisi bakhetha ngokucophelela izinto ezifanelekileyo zokudibanisa kunye nokulawula ubuninzi babo ukuze bafezekise iipropati ezifunwayo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-alloy iron ihlala iguquguqukayo kwaye inokwethenjelwa kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo.
Ukuhlaziya Intsimbi ephantsi-ingxubevange vs. Intsimbi ye-High-Alloy
Insimbi ye-alloy ephantsi yintsimbi enentsimbi enezinto eziphantsi, ezibalelwa ngaphantsi kwe-5% ubunzima. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iintsimbi eziphezulu ze-alloy ziquka intsimbi enezinto ezixutywayo ezihamba ngaphaya kwe-5%. Umxholo wezinto ezidibeneyo zenza ukuba kube lula ukuba iintsimbi eziphezulu kunye ne-low-alloyed zibe nezicelo ezahlukeneyo kunye neepropati. Intsimbi ephantsi-i-alloy yisicelo esinenjongo jikelele kunye namandla amahle kunye nokuqina kwixabiso eliphantsi. Ifumana izicelo kwimisebenzi yezakhiwo ezifana nezakhiwo kunye neebhulorho apho imfuno yamandla iphezulu kodwa ukuchasana nokunyuka kwe-corrosion, kunye nokushisa okuphezulu akuyimfuneko. Iimpawu zentsimbi ye-low-alloy zingaphuculwa ngokusebenzisa ixabiso elincinci lezinto ezidibeneyo, ezifana ne-chromium, i-nickel, okanye i-molybdenum, inikezela ngeempawu ezikhethekileyo zokusetyenziswa kwi-auto, i-aerospace, kunye ne-oyile kunye ne-gas industry.
Oku kuchasene nentsimbi ephezulu ye-alloy, enezinto ezininzi zokudibanisa, zinika iipropati ezifunekayo kunye neempawu. Ezo zinto ziquka ichromium, nickel, molybdenum, kunye nevanadium, phakathi kwezinye. Okukhona umxholo omkhulu we-alloy, kokukhona ukhula ngakumbi, ukunxiba, ubushushu obuphezulu, e, kunye nokuxhathisa kokusingqongileyo. Iintsimbi eziphezulu ze-alloy zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwizicelo ezibalulekileyo, kubandakanywa i-aerospace, i-chemical processing, ukuveliswa kwamandla, kunye nezixhobo zonyango, apho amandla, ubunzima, kwaye, okona kubaluleke kakhulu, ukuthembeka kwinkonzo kuyadingeka.
Ukusetyenziswa kwe Isixhobo seSinyithi kwaye Intsimbi yokuMaraging
Njengengcali kwiintsimbi ze-alloy, ndiyakuqonda ukusetyenziswa kwesixhobo sensimbi kunye nentsimbi ye-maraging. Ngenxa yobunzima bayo obuphezulu, ukuqina, kunye nokunganyangeki, insimbi yesixhobo inoluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo kumacandelo ahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa ukuvelisa, umatshini kunye nezixhobo. Ukusebenzisa isixhobo sentsimbi kwizixhobo zokusika, ukufa, ukubumba kunye namacandelo omatshini kubaluleke kakhulu. Oku kwandisa ukusebenza kwezoqoqosho kwaye kwandise ixesha lokuphila kwezixhobo ezisebenza kwiimeko ezinzima.
Nangona kunjalo, ekubeni i-Maraging insimbi i-alloy yensimbi ephezulu kunye nokuqina okulungileyo, isetyenziswe kumashishini ahlukeneyo afuna izinto ezijoliswe ekusebenzeni. Intsimbi yeMaraging isetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-aerospace kunye neshishini lokhuselo, ngakumbi kwizixhobo zokumisa inqwelomoya, iirokethi zeemoto ezikhuselweyo, kunye neenkqubo/izixhobo ezijulwayo. Ikhethwa ngenxa yomlinganiselo wayo ophezulu wobunzima bobunzima kunye nokuchasana nokudinwa kunye nefuthe. Ezi mpawu zibalulekile kumacandelo apho ukhuseleko kunye nokuthembeka kubalulekile.
Iipropathi ze High-Amandla Steel kwaye Weathering Steel
Intsimbi eyomelele kakhulu yahlulwa ngokomelela kwayo okumangalisayo kunye nokuqina kwayo, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe luncedo kumashishini anzima afana neemoto, ulwakhiwo, kunye ne-aerospace. Ineempawu ezigqwesileyo zoomatshini, njengamandla esivuno esikhulu, i-ductility elungileyo, impembelelo entle, kunye nokumelana nokudinwa. Ukudibaniswa kwezi zakhiwo kwenza intsimbi ephezulu ifaneleke kwimithwalo enzima kunye neendawo ezinzima, ngaloo ndlela ziqinisekisa injongo ejoliswe kuyo ixesha elide kakhulu.
Okwangoku, ikwabizwa ngokuba yintsimbi enganyangekiyo kwi-corrosion, i-weathering steel, kwelinye icala, inezinto ezikhethekileyo eziya kulungele ukusetyenziswa kwazo kwizakhiwo zangaphandle kunye neendawo ezingekho phantsi kweemeko zemozulu ezigqibeleleyo. Enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo zentsimbi yemozulu yikhono layo elikhethekileyo lokukhupha i-oxidize kunye nokwenza i-rust layer yokukhusela xa ibonakaliswe kwiimeko zemozulu. Le ngubo ikhusela izinto eziphathekayo, kwaye ukubola okungaphezulu kumisiwe, oku kuthetha ukuba akukho mfuneko yokugqoka izinto kwezinye iileyile zokukhusela. Ukongezelela, i-weathering steel yaziwa ngokuba yi-anti-corrosive kwiimeko ze-atmospheric, ukhukuliseko, ukubola, kunye nokungaphumeleli kwesakhiwo, okwenza kube luncedo kwiibhulorho kunye nezakhiwo ngeenjongo zokwakha.
Ndingenza njani Alloying Elements Cha phazela Iimpawu zentsimbi?
Ezinye izinto zokudibanisa zibaluleke ngakumbi kunezinye xa kuziwa ekuguquleni iipropati zentsimbi kwaye zinike iimpawu eziphezulu kwimveliso kumashishini amaninzi. Ezi zinto ze-alloying, ezifana ne-chromium, i-nickel, i-manganese, kunye ne-molybdenum, zongezwa kwintsimbi ukuguqula i-chemistry kunye nesakhiwo sangaphakathi sokuphucula iimpawu zayo ze-mechanical kunye nokubonelela ngokuchasana okuphezulu kwi-corrosion, ukuguga kunye namaqondo okushisa aphezulu.
Umzekelo weklasikhi uya kuba yi-chromium xa i-alloying steel, evumela ukubunjwa kwe-oxide layer elele phezu komhlaba kunye nokuncedisa ngokubola, okwenza intsimbi ibe yinto ehlala njalo. Intsimbi nayo iba lukhuni kwaye ithambile ngenxa yobukho be-nickel; kuloo meko, intsimbi inokucinezelwa kwaye ikhubazeke ngaphandle kokuphuka. IManganese Ikwanceda ukomelela kwentsimbi kwaye iphucula ukuqina kwayo kunye nokumelana nokunxiba kwinqanaba eliphezulu. Kwelinye icala, iMolybdenum yongeza amandla entsimbi kwaye iphucula ukuxhathisa kwayo; ngenxa yoko, iya kufaneleka kwiinjongo zobushushu obuphezulu.
Xa zixutywe kwiindlela zokupheka ezithile kunye nogxininiso lwazo olufanelekileyo, ezi zinto zokudibanisa, ngokubambisana nezinye izinto ezifana nokunyanga ukushisa kunye neenkqubo zokuvelisa, zigqiba iimpawu ezithile zentsimbi. I-alloys inokulungelelaniswa ukuze kuvumeleke ukhetho olubanzi lwepropathi yoomatshini ngokukhetha ngononophelo kunye nolawulo lwazo zonke izinto ezixutywayo kwintsimbi, ephucula iimfuno ezibalulekileyo zokusebenza ngobulumko, ukuthembeka, kunye nokhuseleko kulwakhiwo lwentsimbi yesakhiwo, iimoto, i-aerospace, imveliso, kunye nawo onke amanye amashishini asebenzisa isinyithi kwiimveliso zabo.
Impembelelo Chromium kwaye nickel on Nokumelana Resistance
Intsimbi etyetyiswe ngechromium oxide ikhuselwa ngcono ekudlekeni kuba ichromium yenza ukuba kuvele idyasi ebhityileyo yomphezulu eya kuthi inqanda ukurusa. Loo ngubo ye-oxide yenza ikhuselo phezu kwentsimbi engenanto, ikhusela kwi-oksijini kunye nokufuma. Ngale ndlela, amathuba okuba ne-oxidation kunye nokurusa acuthwe. Ngaphandle koko, ibakala lentsimbi eliqulethe i-nickel linomhlwa ongcono kunye nokumelana ne-oxidation, okwenza ibakala lentsimbi lisebenze kwiimeko ezigqithisileyo okanye ukudibanisa nezinto ezisebenzayo.
Ngokubanzi, ubukho be-chromium kunye ne-nickel kwiintsimbi kunye ne-alloys zabo zibalulekile ekwandiseni ukuxhathisa kwazo. Bancedisa ngokuphuhlisa i-oxide ekhuselekileyo yokukhusela kunye nokuphucula izinto eziphathekayo zetsimbi; ezi zinto zokudibanisa zibonisa ukuba zibalulekile ekusebenzeni kwentsimbi apho umba wokubola uyinto ebalulekileyo. Ngokuqonda kwabo isayensi emva kweziphumo zabo, iinjineli kunye nee-metallurgists zinokugqiba ngokufanelekileyo malunga nendlela uyilo olunokuthi luthintele ngayo ukubola kwintsimbi yomdla kwizicelo.
Ukuphucula Amandla kunye nokuqina kunye Molybdenum kwaye Vanadium
Amandla kunye nokuqina kweealloyi zentsimbi zomelezwa ngeenkqubo ezintsonkothileyo nezikhethekileyo ezibandakanya, ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezixubeneyo ezifana ne-molybdenum kunye ne-vanadium. Ezi zivela ekuphuculweni ngokubanzi kwezinto eziphathekayo, ezivumela ukuba intsimbi imelane ne-deformation, igqoke kunye nokuphuka. I-alloys yensimbi yongezwa kakhulu ngokongezwa kwe-Molybdenum, ngokuyinhloko ngenxa yokuba inokumelana nobushushu obuphezulu kunye namandla amakhulu. Ibopha kakuhle kakhulu ngentsimbi, ngaloo ndlela ikhulisa amandla kunye nobunzima bezinto ezibangelwayo. Kwakhona, i-molybdenum incedisa ukuchithwa kwentsimbi kwinqanaba le-nanoscale, elinceda ngokuthintelwa kokukhula okuziinkozo ngelixa linciphisa amathuba okuba neziphene ezifana ne-voids okanye inclusions. Oku kufikelela kuvuthondaba ngeentsimbi ezineempawu ezingcono zoomatshini, ezifana noxinzelelo lwesivuno esiphezulu kunye nokwandisa ukudinwa kunye namandla okurhubuluza.
Ngokwahlukileyo, iVanadium yaziwa kakhulu ngeempawu zayo zokuchaphazela ukwanda kokuqina kunye nokuqina. I-Vanadium inyanzelisa ukwakheka kwee-carbides ezintle ngaphakathi kwe-matrix yentsimbi, esebenza njengama-precipitates ngaphakathi kweenkozo zetsimbi ukuba isebenze njengemiqobo ekuhambiseni ukushukuma ngoko ke i-ductility ibambezele kwaye inciphise ukuxhathisa ukuphuka. Ikwavumela ukucokiswa kolwakhiwo lweenkozo, olukhokelela kubungakanani obulinganayo obuziinkozo obunokumelana nokuqhekeka okungcono. I-Мolybdenum kunye ne-vanadium ichaphazela kakhulu iipropati ze-alloy zensimbi ngokuzomeleza ngakumbi. Ukwandiswa okungaphezulu kwemathiriyeli kunokufezekiswa ngolawulo olungqongqo lokuxinana kwezinto ezikhankanywe ngasentla. Ngale ndlela, kuya kwenzeka ukuba ufumane insimbi efanelekileyo yokusetyenziswa njengamacandelo esakhiwo soshishino lweemoto kunye nezixhobo zokusebenza eziphezulu kunye noomatshini becandelo le-aerospace.
Ukuphucula Ukunxiba Ukumelana kwaye ukuqina ngokusebenzisa IManganese kwaye Silicon
Ukuphucula ngokucokisekileyo ukuxhathisa ukunxitywa kunye nobunzima be-alloys yensimbi kunokufezekiswa ngokudibanisa ngamabomu izinto ezixubileyo ezifana ne-manganese kunye ne-silicon. Kuyaziwa ukuba i-manganese iqinisa ukuqina kwentsimbi kwaye ngoko yonyusa ukuguga kwayo kunye nokumelana nokuguqulwa. Inceda ukuqiniswa kwesisombululo esiqinileyo ngentsimbi, okubangela i-microstructure ecocekileyo ngakumbi kunye neempawu ezinqwenelekayo zemishini. Ngokwahlukileyo, i-silicon ikhuthaza imvula ye-carbides kwi-alloy, inyusa ukuqina kwaye, emva koko, ukuxhathisa kokunxiba. Ngaphandle koko, idlala indima kwi-deoxidizing ngexesha leenkqubo zokwenza isinyithi, ngaloo ndlela iphucula umgangatho kunye nokucoceka kwe-alloy.
Ukulawulwa ngokucokisekileyo kokugxininiswa kwezi zinto zokudibanisa kwenza ukuba iinjineli kunye nee-metallurgists zilungelelanise izinto eziphathekayo zentsimbi ukuze zihambelane neemeko zesicelo. Umxholo weManganese kunye ne-silicon kufuneka uphuculwe kuso nasiphi na isicelo, ukusuka kulwakhiwo lweemoto ukuya kwizixhobo zokusebenza eziphezulu kunye noomatshini kushishino lwe-aerospace, ukufezekisa ukuxhathisa okufunekayo kunye nokuqina komgangatho wentsimbi ethile. Ulwazi kunye nokuqonda okuvela kwimithombo enjalo ethembekileyo yenza ukuba abaqeqeshi benze izicwangciso eziqinisekileyo kunye nokukhethwa okufanelekileyo kweentsimbi zensimbi ngeenjongo ezahlukeneyo.
Ziziphi Usetyenziso lwentsimbi yentsimbi kuShishino?
Intsimbi ye-alloy inosetyenziso olubanzi kuwo wonke amashishini ahlukeneyo ngenxa yeempawu zayo ezizodwa kunye nokuguquguquka. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-alloy steel span uluhlu olubanzi lwamacandelo, kuquka:
- Izithuthi kunye nezoThutho: Intsimbi yealloyi iqhele ukusetyenziswa kushishino lweemoto ukwenza izinto ezibalulekileyo ezinje ngeenjini, iibhokisi zegiya, iiasi kunye neenkqubo zokuxhoma. Amandla ayo aphezulu, ukuqina, kunye nokumelana nokunxiba kuyenza ilungele ukumelana neemeko zokusebenza ezinzima kunye nemithwalo efunyenwe kwizithuthi.
- Ulwakhiwo kunye neZiseko zoPhuhliso: Insimbi ye-alloy isetyenziselwa kwishishini lokwakha kwizicelo zesakhiwo ezifuna amandla aphezulu, ukuqina, kunye nokuxhathisa ukubola. Isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwiibhulorho, izakhiwo, imibhobho, kunye neeprojekthi zeziseko ezingundoqo apho izinto eziqinileyo ziyimfuneko ekuqinisekiseni imfezeko yesakhiwo kunye nokhuseleko.
- Amandla kunye naMandla: Intsimbi yealloyi ibalulekile kumandla, ngakumbi kumaziko okuvelisa amandla kunye nokuphononongwa kweoyile negesi. Ngenxa yokukwazi ukumelana namaqondo obushushu agqithisileyo, uxinzelelo, kunye nemekobume edlekayo, isetyenziswa ekwakhiweni kwee turbines, iijenereyitha, iibhoyila, kunye nemibhobho yoxinzelelo oluphezulu.
- Oomatshini kunye neZixhobo: Insimbi ye-alloy iqeshwe kakhulu kumatshini wokuvelisa kunye nezixhobo kumashishini ahlukeneyo. Amandla ayo akhethekileyo, ukuqina, kunye nokuchasana nokugqoka kunye nokukhathala kwenza kube lula ukuvelisa izixhobo, i-shafts, iibheringi, izixhobo zokusika, kunye namacandelo omatshini asebenza phantsi kwemithwalo enzima kunye neemeko ezinzima.
- I-Aerospace kunye noKhuselo: Insimbi ye-alloy ifumana izicelo ezibalulekileyo kumacandelo e-aerospace kunye nokukhusela, apho izinto ezilula kodwa ezinamandla ziyimfuneko. Isetyenziselwa ukwenza izixhobo zokumisa inqwelomoya, izixhobo ze-injini, iinxalenye zesakhiwo, kunye nezixhobo zokukhusela, ukunika amandla ayimfuneko kunye nokuthembeka ekusebenzeni ngokukhuselekileyo nangokufanelekileyo.
Le yimizekelo nje embalwa yosetyenziso oluninzi lwentsimbi yealloyi kumashishini ahlukeneyo. Ukuguquguquka kwayo kunye neepropathi ezilungiselelweyo zenza ukuba ibe yimathiriyeli eyimfuneko ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezithile zokusebenza kuluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo zemizi-mveliso.
Ngoba I-alloy Steel isetyenziswa in Amashishini kwaye Ulwakhiwo lwesinyithi
Ngenxa yeempawu zayo zomatshini, intsimbi ye-alloy yenye yezona zinto zixatyisiweyo kumatshini kunye nezixhobo zentsimbi. Phakathi kweempawu zayo kukomelela okuphezulu okudityaniswa nokuqina kunye nokumelana nokunxiba kunye nokudinwa, okwenza kube lula ukumelana nemithwalo enzima kunye neemeko zokusebenza ezinzima. Kwiinkqubo zoomatshini, intsimbi ye-alloy iyimfuneko kumacandelo okuvelisa anje ngeegiya, iishafti, iibheringi, izixhobo zokusika, kunye namalungu omatshini asebenza phantsi kweliso eliphezulu. La malungu enziwe ngezinto ezinamandla ngokwaneleyo kunye nokuqina ukuxhathisa imithwalo emikhulu kunye noxinzelelo olunyanzeliswa kubo ngexesha lenkqubo yokusebenza. Ukongeza, ngenxa yokuqina kweentsimbi ze-alloy, okubangelwa kukudinwa kunye nokunxiba iipropathi zokumelana nezo zinyithi, ukunxitywa kunye nokukrazula koomatshini nako kuncitshiswe, ngaloo ndlela kuncipha iindleko zokugcinwa.
Ngokumalunga nokusetyenziswa kwentsimbi yezakhiwo ezindlwini, iibhulorho kunye nolunye uphuhliso lwezakhiwo, i-alloy steel iyakwazi ukunika amandla afunekayo kunye nokuthembeka. Ezi zinyithi zinamandla okumelana noxinzelelo oluphezulu okanye ubunzima ngelixa uxhathisa amaqondo obushushu aphezulu ngelixa udibana nezakhiwo ngaloo ndlela unceda ekuthinteleni ukulahleka kokuchaneka kunye namandla e-alloy. Ngaphezu koko, uphuhliso olunyanzelekileyo lukwabonakala ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwezinto ezinjalo. Intsimbi yealloyi ikwafumana ukusetyenziswa okubonakalayo ekwenzeni iindawo zenqwelomoya ezifana nezixhobo zokumisa kunye namalungu eenjini kunye nezixhobo zokukhusela kuba ezi kufuneka zomelele kodwa zibe khaphukhaphu. La mashishini asebenzisa ukusetyenziswa kwentsimbi ye-alloy ngenxa yomlinganiselo ophezulu wobunzima bobunzima obunikezelayo kwaye uqinisekisa i-aerospace kunye namashishini okukhusela ahlala elungile.
Okubaluleke ngakumbi, inguqu elungisiweyo yensimbi ye-alloy yandisa amathuba okuba izinto eziphathekayo zilungele ukusetyenziswa ngokukodwa phakathi koluhlu olubanzi lweemeko zoshishino. Ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwizixhobo zoshishino ezifana noomatshini kunye nentsimbi yesakhiwo ivela kumandla ayo amangalisayo, ukuqina, ukuxhathisa, kunye nokukwazi ukumelana nokudinwa, ukunika amandla kunye nokuthembeka kula macandelo.
Indima ye Steel Alloy in Ubushushu obuphezulu Indawo
Njengoko iintsimbi ze-alloy ezinganyangekiyo zigcina phantse zonke iipropathi zazo zoomatshini xa ziphantsi koxinzelelo kunye nobushushu obuphezulu, ziqhuba kakuhle phantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu. Oku kubalulekile kwizicelo apho iinxalenye zentsimbi zisesichengeni sobushushu, njengezityalo zamandla, amacandelo epetrochemical, kunye noomatshini bobushushu obuphezulu. Amandla obushushu obuphezulu bentsimbi ye-alloy inento eninzi yokwenza kunye neempawu zayo ezizodwa. Oku kungenxa yokuphucuka kwe-oxidation, ukubola, kunye nokumelana nokuguqulwa kwe-creep ngenxa yokongezwa izinto ezixubileyo ezifana ne-chromium, i-nickel, kunye ne-molybdenum. Ezi Elements ziphinda ziphuhlise iifilimu ze-oxide ezizinzileyo kumphezulu obonelela ngeendlela zokukhusela kwi-corrosion eyongezelelweyo ngelixa iqinisekisa ukusebenza kweengxenye zentsimbi yealloy nakwizicelo zokushisa eziphezulu. Intsimbi yealloyi, umzekelo, isetyenziselwa ukwenza iityhubhu zebhoyila, iiinjini zomphunga, kunye nawo nawaphi na amanye amacandelo anokuthi abe sesichengeni sobushushu obugqithisileyo kunye noxinzelelo kwizityalo zokuvelisa amandla. Ukusebenzisa intsimbi ye-alloy kwezo ndawo kunenzuzo ngenxa yokufuduka kwayo okuphezulu kobushushu. Ngokufanayo, kwintsimi ye-petrochemical alloy, insimbi isetyenziselwa ukwakha i-reactors, i-heater exchangers, kunye neenkqubo zemibhobho apho kukho iigesi ezikhethiweyo kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu lobushushu.
ezintsha Steel Applications in IWeld kwaye Ukugqithisa uthintelo
Kwi-welding, intsimbi ye-alloy yi-Filler Metal evumela i-welds engcono kunye neentanda ezimbalwa. Ngenxa yeepropathi zentsimbi yealloyi yokuzalisa intsimbi ethile kunye nokuphakama okwaneleyo kweewelds, ukuwelda ngokungathandabuzekiyo yenye yezona ndlela zibalaseleyo zokubopha izinto ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu kunye. Amalungu e-weld akhuselekile, kwaye amazinga okusilela aguqulwa, ngaloo ndlela kuncitshiswa iingozi zokubeka esichengeni inkqubo yesakhiwo echaphazelekayo ngenxa yezinto ezimbalwa. Kwakhona, intsimbi ye-alloy ibalulekile kwi-corrosion bed liner coatings, nto leyo eyimfuneko kwindawo efumileyo neyonakalisayo kunye nezinye izinto ezininzi. Iintsimbi ezininzi ze-alloy, ezifana ne-chromium, i-nickel, okanye i-molybdenum components, yenza umaleko ovumela i-rust-free, intsimbi engapheliyo. Oko kuguqulela kwizakhiwo ezifakwe kakuhle kunye noomatshini abasebenzayo, isibonelelo sokuqala kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya ukwakha, ulwandle kunye nemizi-mveliso yeemoto.
Ingaba kwenzeka njani Unyango lobushushu Impembelelo Iipropati zeNsimbi ye-alloy?
Ukuphucula Iimpahla zoMatshini ngokusebenzisa Unyango lobushushu
Ukunyangwa kobushushu kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekwandiseni iipropathi zoomatshini zentsimbi ye-alloy, evumela abavelisi ukuba balungelelanise ukusebenza kwayo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezithile zesicelo. Le nkqubo ibandakanya imijikelo yokufudumeza elawulwayo kunye nokupholisa ukuze kuphuculwe iimpawu eziphambili ezinjengokuqina, amandla, ukuqina, kunye nokumelana nokunxiba. Apha, siza kuphonononga kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo unyango lobushushu olunokuphucula iimpawu zomatshini zentsimbi yealloyi.
- Ukuphucula ubulukhuni kunye nokomelela: Iindlela zokunyanga ubushushu ezifana nokucinywa kunye nokufudumeza zidla ngokusetyenziswa ukuqinisa ubulukhuni kunye nokomelela kwentsimbi yealloyi. Ukucima kubandakanya ukupholisa ngokukhawuleza kwentsimbi evuthayo, okubangelwa i-microstructure enzima. Le nkqubo yenza ukuba intsimbi ikwazi ukumelana nefuthe eliphezulu kunye nezicelo ezithwala umthwalo. Ukufudumeza, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kubandakanya ukufudumeza intsimbi ecinyiweyo kwiqondo elithile lobushushu kwaye livumele ukuba liphole ngokukhawuleza ukukhulula uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi kunye nokukhuthaza isakhiwo esifanayo kunye nesithambileyo. Oku kudityaniswa kobunzima kunye nokuqina kuqinisekisa ukuba intsimbi inokumelana neemeko ezinzima zemishini.
- Ukuphucula Ukuqina: Iindlela zokunyanga ubushushu ezinje nge-annealing and normalizing zisetyenziselwa ukuphucula ukuqina kwentsimbi yealloy. I-Anealing ibandakanya ukufudumeza intsimbi kwiqondo elithile lobushushu kwaye uyibambe apho ixesha elide, ilandelwa kukupholisa okulawulwayo. Le nkqubo iphucula i-microstructure, inciphisa i-brittleness kunye nokuphucula ukuguquguquka. Ukuqhelanisa kulandela inkqubo efanayo kodwa kubandakanya ukupholisa komoya, okukhokelela kulwakhiwo olucolekileyo oluphucula ngakumbi ukuqina.
- Ukulungisa Ukuxhathisa Ukunxiba: Iindlela zokunyanga ukushisa ezifana nokuqina komphezulu, kubandakanywa ukuqina kwe-case kunye ne-nitriding, zisetyenziselwa ukunyusa ukunyanzeliswa kwentsimbi ye-alloy. Ezi ndlela zobuchule zazisa umaleko oqinileyo kumphezulu wentsimbi, uphucula amandla awo okumelana nokugruzuka, ukukhuhlana, kunye nezinye izinto ezibangela ukunxitywa. Olu hlengahlengiso luvumela insimbi ye-alloy ukuba igcine ingqibelelo yayo yomatshini kunye nokwandisa ubomi bayo benkonzo kwizicelo ezifunwayo.
Ngokulawula ngokuchanekileyo imijikelo yokufudumeza kunye nokupholisa ngexesha lonyango lobushushu, abavelisi banokulungelelanisa iipropathi zemishini yentsimbi ye-alloy ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezithile zesicelo. Ukukhethwa kwendlela yokunyanga ukushisa kunye neeparitha kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezifana nokubunjwa kwe-alloy kunye neempawu zezinto ezifunwayo. Intsimbi ye-alloy ibonisa ukusebenza kakuhle, ukuqina, kunye nokuthembeka ngokusebenzisa ezi nkqubo zicokisekileyo kumashishini ahlukeneyo kunye nokusetyenziswa.
Ukulungelelanisa Ukuhamba kakuhle kwaye ubulushica in Steel Alloy
I-Ductility ibhekiselele kwisakhono sentsimbi yealloyi ukonakala phantsi koxinzelelo lwe-tensile ngaphandle kokwaphuka, ngelixa ukuqina kubonisa ukukwazi kwayo ukufunxa amandla kunye nokumelana neempembelelo zequbuliso okanye ukothuka. Ukufezekisa ukulingana okufanelekileyo phakathi kwezi zakhiwo zimbini kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuthembeka kwensimbi ye-alloy kunye nokuqina kwizicelo ezifunwayo.
- Chemical bokwakha: Izinto ezifanelekileyo zokudibanisa kunye nokulinganisa kwazo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekunqumeni iimpawu ze-mechanical of alloy steel. Izinto ezifana nekhabhoni, i-manganese, i-chromium, kunye ne-nickel zikhethwe ngononophelo ukufezekisa ibhalansi efunekayo yokuguquguquka kunye nokuqina.
- Unyango lobushushu: Iinkqubo zokunyanga ukushisa, kubandakanywa ukucima kunye nokufudumala, ukwandisa i-microstructure yensimbi ye-alloy. Ngokulawula ngokuchanekileyo imijikelo yokufudumeza kunye nokupholisa, indibaniselwano efunwayo ye-ductility kunye nokuqina inokufezekiswa.
- Ulawulo lweMicrostructure: I-microstructure yensimbi ye-alloy, njengobukho bemida yeenkozo kunye ne-precipitates, ichaphazela kakhulu iimpawu zayo zomatshini. Ukulawula ubungakanani beenkozo kunye nokusasazwa kwezigaba ngokupholisa okulawulwayo kunye ne-alloying kunokunyusa ukulingana phakathi kokuguquguquka kunye nokuqina.
Abavelisi banobunjineli bensimbi ye-alloy kunye ne-balance balance of ductility kunye nokuqina ngokuthatha indlela ebanzi eqwalasela ukubunjwa kweekhemikhali, unyango lobushushu kunye nolawulo lwe-microstructure. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba izinto eziphathekayo zinokumelana nemingeni yezicelo ezahlukeneyo, zibonelela ngokusebenza okungaqhelekanga, ukuthembeka, kunye nokuphila ixesha elide.
Ukulungisa Amandla kunye Nokuqina ngokusebenzisa Unyango lobushushu
Njengengcali kwintsimi, ndingangqina ukuba unyango lobushushu ludlala indima ebalulekileyo ekulungiseni amandla kunye nokuqina kwentsimbi ye-alloy. Abavelisi banokulungelelanisa i-microstructure yezinto eziphathekayo ukufezekisa iimpawu ezithile zoomatshini ngokubeka intsimbi kwiinkqubo ezilawulwayo zokufudumeza kunye nokupholisa. Ubunjineli obuchanekileyo buvumela ukulungelelaniswa kwensimbi ye-alloy kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo.
Iindlela zokunyanga ubushushu ezifana nokucima kunye nokufudumeza zidla ngokusetyenziswa ukwandisa ubume be-microstructure yentsimbi ye-alloy. Ngolawulo oluchanekileyo lomjikelo wokufudumeza kunye nokupholisa, indibaniselwano enqwenelekayo ye-ductility kunye nokuqina kunokuphunyezwa. Ukulawula i-microstructure yensimbi ye-alloy, kubandakanywa izinto ezifana nemida yengqolowa kunye ne-precipitates, ibalulekile. Ubuchwephesha obufana nokupholisa okulawulwayo kunye nokuxutywa kwengxubevange zilawula ubungakanani beenkozo kunye nokusasazwa kwezigaba, ngaloo ndlela ziphucula ulungelelwaniso phakathi kokuguquguquka kunye nokuqina. Indlela ebanzi efunekayo kubunjineli bensimbi ye-alloy kunye nebhalansi efanelekileyo ye-ductility kunye nokuqina. Igxininisa ukuqwalasela ukubunjwa kweekhemikhali, iinkqubo zokunyanga ukushisa, kunye nokulawulwa kwe-microstructure ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okungaqhelekanga, ukuthembeka, kunye nokuphila ixesha elide.
Kuyabonakala ukuba unyango lokushisa, kunye nokuqwalasela ngokucophelela ukubunjwa kwe-alloy kunye nokulawulwa kwe-microstructure, kubalulekile ekulungiseni amandla kunye nobunzima bensimbi ye-alloy. Ukuchaneka kunye nobuchule kwezi nkqubo zenza ukuba abavelisi benze intsimbi ye-alloy eneepropati ezithile zoomatshini ezilungiselelwe ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zezicelo ezahlukeneyo.
Ucaphulo
Imibuzo ebuzwa rhoqo (FAQ)
Umbuzo: Yintoni intsimbi yealloyi?
A: Intsimbi ye-alloy inamalungu ngaphandle kwekhabhoni eyongeziweyo ukuphucula iimpawu zayo zomatshini. Ezi zinto zongeza amandla entsimbi kwaye zinokubandakanya isinyithi njengemanganese, nickel, chromium, kunye ne-vanadium.
Umbuzo: Yintoni eyahlula intsimbi ephantsi ye-alloy kwintsimbi ephezulu ye-alloy?
A: Intsimbi enealloyi ephantsi idla ngokuba nezinto ezimbalwa ezongezelelweyo, kaninzi zingaphantsi kwe-5%, kanti intsimbi ephezulu iqulethe ipesenti ephezulu yezinto ezixubekileyo, edla ngokugqitha kwi-10%. Lo mahluko udla ngokuchaphazela amandla kunye nokumelana nokubola kwentsimbi.
Q: Zeziphi izicelo eziqhelekileyo zentsimbi ephantsi ye-alloy?
A: Izicelo zentsimbi ephantsi-alloy ziquka ukwakhiwa, iimoto, kunye noomatshini apho kufuneka amandla aphezulu. Umxholo wekhabhoni ophantsi wentsimbi kunye nezinto ezongeziweyo ziphucula ukuwelda kunye nokuqina.
Umbuzo: Umxholo wekhabhoni uchaphazela njani iipropati zentsimbi?
A: Umxholo wekhabhoni uchaphazela kakhulu amandla kunye nokuqina kwentsimbi. Umxholo wekhabhoni ophezulu unyusa ubulukhuni kunye namandla kodwa unokunciphisa ukuguquguquka, ngelixa i-carbon steel ephantsi iguquguqukayo kwaye ilawulwa ngakumbi kwi-weld.
Umbuzo: Ziziphi ezinye iintlobo eziqhelekileyo zentsimbi ephezulu ye-alloy?
A: Iindidi eziqhelekileyo zensimbi ephezulu ye-alloy ziquka i-austenitic stainless steels, ezaziwa ngokugqwesa ukugqwesa ukugqwala kunye namandla aphezulu okushisa. Ezi zintsimbi zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukusetyenzwa kweekhemikhali kunye nokuveliswa kwamandla.
Umbuzo: Kutheni i-austenitic steel stainless ikhethwa kwizicelo ezithile?
A: Iintsimbi ezingenasici ze-Austenitic zikhethwa ngenxa yokumelana kwazo nokugqwala okuphezulu, amandla aphezulu obushushu, kunye nokukwazi kwazo ukugcina ezi mpawu kubushushu obahlukeneyo. Zilungele ukusetyenziswa ezifuna ukuqina kunye nokumelana nezinto ezingqongileyo.
Umbuzo: Yiyiphi indima edlalwa yikhabhoni kumandla ensimbi ye-alloy?
IMPENDULO: Ikhabhoni yinto ephambili eyenza ukomelela kwentsimbi. Amandla ensimbi anokuphuculwa kakhulu ngokuxhomekeke kumxholo wekhabhoni. Intsimbi yekhabhoni ephezulu, umzekelo, yomelele kwaye isetyenziswa kwizicelo ezifuna ukuqina okuphezulu.
Umbuzo: Yahluke njani intsimbi yekhabhoni ecacileyo kwintsimbi yealloyi?
A: Iintsimbi zekhabhoni ezicacileyo zibandakanya intsimbi kunye nekhabhoni ngaphandle kokongeza ezinye izinto. Ngokwahlukileyo, intsimbi yealloyi inezinto ezingaphandle kwekhabhoni eyongeziweyo ukuphucula iimpawu ezifana namandla kunye nokumelana nomhlwa.
Q: Zeziphi ezinye zezicelo zentsimbi ephezulu, ephantsi-intsimbi?
A: Amandla aphezulu, i-low-alloy iron isetyenziselwa izicelo ezifuna ukudibanisa amandla, ukuqina, kunye nokunciphisa ubunzima, njengakwishishini lemoto, ukwakhiwa kwebhuloho, kunye nezakhiwo zokwakha.
Umbuzo: Ziziphucula njani izinto ngaphandle kwekhabhoni izixhobo zentsimbi?
A: Izinto ezingaphandle kwekhabhoni, ezifana nechromium kunye nenickel, zinokuphucula iipropathi zentsimbi ngokuphucula amandla ayo, ukuqina, kunye nokuxhathisa ukubola kunye nokuguga. Ezi zongezelelo zenza intsimbi ifaneleke kuluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo, kubandakanywa nezo zikwiindawo ezinzima.
