I-Titanium vs iStainless Steel: Uthelekiso oluBanzi

Ukukhetha nayiphi na i-titanium okanye insimbi engenasici akuyona inkqubo yomgca ekufuneka imiselwe yiyo nayiphi na i-dichotomy elula. Zombini ziyimizekelo yezinto ezikhethekileyo ngokubhekiselele ekusebenzeni, njengakwimeko yezakhiwo ze-aeronautical, amalungu omzimba womntu, iingubo, kunye nokunye. Kodwa kwezi zimbini, kukho umahluko omkhulu ngokwemiba yonke; amandla kumlinganiselo wobunzima, ukuba kubiza malini ukusebenza, kwaye phi. Apha ngezantsi kukho ingxoxo ethe ngqo eya kucacisa lo mahluko, izinto eziluncedo kunye nezingeloncedo phakathi kwezi zixhobo zimbini kungoko zikuncede ufeze injongo yakho. Nokuba uyingcali ebandakanyekayo ekukhetheni izixhobo zeprojekthi okanye umthengi ofuna ukwazi malunga nokwakhiwa kwezi zinyithi, le ngxoxo yeyakho. Uya kufunda ngemibandela ebaluleke ngolo hlobo ngokweenkcukacha ngakumbi.

Ukuqonda iSiseko seTitanium kunye neNtsimbi engaGxili

Zombini i-titanium kunye nentsimbi engagqwaliyo zizinto eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswayo kuba zomelele, azidli msinya, kwaye azigugi xa zisetyenziswa. Nangona kunjalo, zahlukile kakhulu kwiindlela ezimile ngayo kunye neempawu zazo. Umzekelo, i-titanium yintsimbi ekhaphukhaphu kakhulu kodwa inamandla aphezulu, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ifaneleke ngakumbi kwizicelo zokunciphisa ubunzima ezifana nezo zifumaneka kwiindawo zeenqwelo moya kunye nezonyango. Ikwakhuselekile ngokupheleleyo kumsi naphantsi kweemeko ezinzima kakhulu. Kwelinye icala, intsimbi engagqwaliyo, eyi-alloy yentsimbi eneekhabhoni ezongezelelweyo kunye nezinto ze-chromium, inzima, kodwa ilungile kakhulu ekumelaneni nokuguguleka kunye nefuthe. Inika ukumelana okuhle kakhulu nokugqwala kwiimeko ezifana nezo ze-304 kunye ne-316 grades kwaye isetyenziswa kwiindawo ezininzi, njengokwakha izakhiwo, izixhobo, okanye izinto zasekhaya.

Yintoni iTitanium?

Imele ukugoba kweekhemikhali zexesha lezinto ezi-4 kwitheyibhile ye-periodic, i-Titanium ineyona ndawo iphezulu yokuxhathisa ukubola kunye nokuhambelana kwezinto eziphilayo nangona impawu zayo ezilula. Nangona iwela phantsi kodidi lwesinyithi, umlinganiselo wayo wokuxinana ukuya kwisivuno uncinci kakhulu; kungoko, idumile phakathi kwamashishini ahlukeneyo afana ne-aerospace, amayeza, kunye namacandelo aselwandle. I-Titanium ikwaxhathisa ngokwendalo kumhlwa ngendlela yomaleko weoksidi owenzeka ngaphakathi kumphezulu wayo xa ivezwe emoyeni nakwiindawo ezinobundlongondlongo ezifana namanzi olwandle kunye neendawo ezineasidi. Kwimeko ye-titanium alloys efana ne-Ti-6Al-4V, kukho ukudibanisa okunamandla kunye nokunyamezela ukunyamezela kunye nokukwazi ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, ngoko ke ukusetyenziswa kwezi ngxube kwiindawo ezinjalo. I-Titanium nayo ayinayo i-cytotoxic, yiyo loo nto isetyenziswa kakhulu kwizinto zokufakelwa, iprosthetics, kunye nezinye izixhobo zonyango. Nangona kunjalo, ngaphandle kokufaneleka kwayo, i-titanium yenye yezo zinyithi ezixabisa ngaphezulu ukuvelisa xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iifom zentsimbi kuba ifuna indlela entsonkothileyo yokutsalwa kunye nokulungiswa kwayo. Nangona kunjalo, iipropathi kunye nezinye iimpawu zokusebenza ze-titanium zibalulekile kwizicelo ezininzi zobunjineli eziphambili.

Yintoni i-Stainless?

Insimbi engagqwali luhlobo lwentsimbi oluxhathisa ukubola, oluqulunqwe ubukhulu becala yintsimbi enobuncinci bepesenti ezilishumi kwimixholo yechromium. Ukongezwa kweChromium kubaluleke kakhulu kuba izenzela umaleko okhuselayo phezu kwentsimbi yentsimbi, equlethe ioksidi ngokwayo, kwaye oku kukhusela kuyo nayiphi na into yokugquma komhlwa okanye ukuwohloka, nakwiimeko ezinobundlobongela kakhulu. Ezinye izinto ezifana ne-nickel, i-molybdenum, i-manganese, kunye ne-nitrogen nazo zinokongezwa kwi-alloy ukuze ziphucule ngakumbi iimpawu ezifana namandla, ukuqina, okanye ukuxhathisa ukugoba kunye namaqondo obushushu aphezulu.

Kwelinye icala, enye yeentsimbi ezisetyenziswa kakhulu yintsimbi engagqwaliyo , esetyenziswa ekwakheni izakhiwo, ii-alloys zayo ezisebenzela icandelo lamandla kunye neemoto, nakwishishini lokutya. Iintsimbi ezingagqwaliyo ze -Austenitic , kuquka uhlobo lwentsimbi engagqwaliyo ye-304 kunye ne-316, kufuneka zikhankanywe ngokwahlukeneyo ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwazo ngokubanzi kwiindawo ezinje ngomswakama kunye/okanye i-asidi kodwa ukumelana kwazo nokugqwala kunye nokuwelda nazo ziimpawu ezinokubakho. Nangona kukhankanyiwe, kukho imida ekusetyenzisweni kwentsimbi engagqwaliyo ye-austenitic, umzekelo, ukuxhomekeka kwayo kubukho be-Mo kunye nesulfure kwezinye iimeko kunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwishishini leekhemikhali kunye ne-pulp kunye nephepha. Ngokuchaseneyo, i-chi-steel ayinakwenzeka ukuba yonakale njenge-chi-steel ngokubhekiselele ekugqwaleni okukhoyo xa kusetyenziswa iintsimbi ezingagqwaliyo ze-martensitic . Uphawu olungenasiphelo lwentsimbi engagqwaliyo kukukwazi kwayo ukuphinda isebenzise, ​​kwaye leyo yenye into ebangela ukukhethwa kwentsimbi engagqwaliyo kwiinkqubo zokuvelisa kunye nemisebenzi yokwakha.

Iiyantlukwano eziphambili phakathi kweTitanium kunye neNtsimbi eNgatyiwayo

IParameter engundoqo	Titanium	Yenziwe ngentsimbi eshayinayo
mninzi	KDEName	Inzima kune-titanium
Umlinganiselo wamandla ukuya kubunzima	phezulu	Phakathi
Nokumelana Resistance	Igqwesileyo kwiindawo ezininzi	Ikhethekileyo kwiindawo ezineasidi/ezifumileyo
Ukuqhuba Ukushisa	Ngaphantsi kunentsimbi engenasici	Phezulu kune-titanium
Indawo yokunyibilika	1,668 ° C (3,034 ° F)	1,400-1,530 ° C (2,552-2,786 ° F)
ixabiso	Ebiza kakhulu	Ngokubanzi ingabizi kakhulu
Ukuweldability	Phakathi (ifuna iindlela ezithile)	phezulu
Uxinzelelo-Ukutya okuqhekeka	Ukuxhathisa okungcono	Isesichengeni kwiisethingi ezityebileyo ngekloridi
amandla	Xa kuthelekiswa nentsimbi ephezulu	Iphezulu kodwa iphantsi kune-titanium
Ukunyanga	Kunzima kumatshini	Kulula kumatshini
Ukungqinelana	Iphezulu (ilungele ukufakela)	Phakathi
Iimpawu zeMagnetic	I-non-magnetic	Isenokuba yimagnethi
Sustainability	I-Biocompatible kwaye inokuphinda isetyenziswe	Ku hlaziywa

Iimpawu zePhysical and Chemical Properties

Intsimbi engatyiwayo iphindwe kabini kunetitanium. Uxinano lwayo luphakathi kwe-7.5 kunye ne-8 g/cm³, kuxhomekeke kwiinkcukacha, ngelixa i-titanium inoxinano olumalunga ne-4.5 g/cm³. I-Titanium ngokwayo yaziwa ngokuba nomlinganiselo ongcono wamandla nobunzima kunokuba kuyimfuneko kwiibha ze-ASTM B348, nto leyo ebonakala ifanelekile kubantu abafuna izinto eziphantsi, kodwa ezomeleleyo. Ngokwekhemikhali, i-titanium ayinawo umkhwa wokugqwala kuba nakwiindawo ezinoburhalarhume ezifana namanzi olwandle okanye i-asidi, izinzile ngenxa yokwakheka komaleko we-oxide. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, intsimbi engatyiwayo ithathwa njengeyona iphambili ngenxa yoluhlu lwayo lweendidi ezinokuxutywa phantse nantoni na ngokubhekiselele kumandla kunye nokumelana nokugqwala, nangona zihlala zingabizi kakhulu. Ukutshintshatshintsha kobushushu kunye nokuvezwa kwiindawo ezinzima kuye kwandisa ukugqwala kwentsimbi engatyiwayo ngaphezu kwetitanium.

Ukuthelekiswa kobunzima kunye nobunzima

Olunye ulwahlulo oluphambili phakathi kwe-titanium kunye nensimbi engenasici inokuqondwa ngobuninzi babo kunye nobunzima, obuchaphazela apho ezi zixhobo zisetyenziswa khona. Umzekelo, kwi-corring steel stainless, ingxinano iqala kwi-7.5 - 8.0 g/cm³, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwe-alloy esetyenzisiweyo, kanti ubuninzi be-titanium bumalunga ne-4.5 g/cm³. Lo mahluko mkhulu kubunzima ubonelela ngeenzuzo ezininzi ze-titanium kwizicelo ezifana ne-aerospace kunye nemizi-mveliso yeemoto, apho ubunzima becandelo bubalelwa kakhulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iinqwelo zensimbi ezingenasici zine-lightweight, ezenza ukuba zikhetheke ngakumbi xa kukho umlinganiselo wokusebenza kunye neendleko zamandla ngokubhekiselele kwisicelo. I-Titanium ikufanele ukusetyenziswa kuyilo lokuqonda ubunzima, ngakumbi kwizakhiwo zobunjineli ezisebenza ngokuphezulu kunye nezinto, ngenxa yobunzima bayo.

Ukumelana nokuMhlwa: iTitanium vs iStainless Steel

I-Titanium ibonisa ukusebenza kakuhle ngokuchasene nokuhlwa, ngakumbi kwiindawo apho ubungozi bokuvezwa kwimathiriyeli eyonakalisa kakhulu efana nekloridi okanye amanzi olwandle iphezulu [5]. Ubonelelo oluphambili lokubaluleka kokumelana ne-oxidative ye-titanium alloys kukubunjwa kwe-oxide layer egubungela umphezulu wale miba. Oku kugquma kunqanda i-oxidation yezi zinto kunye nokuvezwa kwazo okunokubakho kwezinye izinto ezingcolisa iikhemikhali. Ke ngoko, i-titanium isetyenziswa kakhulu kwindawo apho kulindeleke ukubola ngequbuliso, njengezicelo kumashishini okulungisa ukutya, iireactors ezipholiswe ngamanzi kwizityalo zamandla, kunye ne-bio-medicine.

Insimbi engenasici nayo inezinto ezininzi zokuchasa ukubola, nangona ihluka ngokubanzi ngokusekelwe kwibakala kunye nokwakhiwa kwentsimbi. Ngokomzekelo, amabakala e-austenitic afana ne-316L yensimbi engenasici nayo ixhathise kakhulu kwi-corrosion kwiindawo ezininzi ngenxa yokufakwa kwe-chromium eninzi kunye ne-molybdenum kuzo. Kwelinye icala, kwiimeko ezimandundu, ezinje ngokuqhubeka nokuba sesichengeni kumanzi olwandle okanye kwi-crevice corrosion, ukusebenza kwentsimbi engenastainless kunokuba mbi kune-titanium. Ukhetho lwezi zinto, nangona kunjalo, luhlala luxhomekeke kwindawo ethile yenkonzo kunye nokusebenza okuvumelekileyo kwesixhobo ukukhubazeka ekuhambeni kwexesha.

Ukusetyenziswa kweTitanium kunye neNtsimbi eNgatyiwayo

1. Icandelo lezaselwandle

Olunye usetyenziso olufanelekileyo lwentsimbi yodidi lwaselwandle lubandakanya izakhiwo ezingaphakathi kweetanki zokuqubha kunye namadama okuqubha, ngenxa yobukho bomhlwa ovela kwityuwa efumileyo. Amanye amacandelo oshishino lwaselwandle anenkcitho enkulu ekulungiseni nasekutshintshweni kwezibonelelo ngenxa yokudleka. Iingxelo zophando zibonisa ukuba bekukho imfuno yentsimbi engatyiwayo emalunga ne-4.5 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngonyaka ka-2022.

2. I-Aerospace kunye ne-Aviation

Imfuno yebanga le-316L yensimbi engenasici kunye ne-titanium kwizicelo ezininzi ze-aeronautical ayikwazi ukugqithiswa. Ezi zimbini ziqhele ukusetyenziswa ekwakhiweni nasekugcinweni kwenqwelomoya kubandakanya iigiya kunye neenkqubo zokukhupha ngaphandle. I-Titanium ithandwa kakhulu ngenxa yokuba inobunzima obuphantsi; ngaloo ndlela, ukuthoba umndilili wobunzima bendiza ngaphandle kokunciphisa amandla ezinto. Izibalo zibonisa ukuba i-titanium yenza malunga ne-40% ngokobunzima kuyilo lwe-airframe yeenqwelo-moya ezinkulu zorhwebo ngenxa yeempawu zayo.

3. Ukwenziwa kweMichiza kunye nePetrochemical

Ngaphezu koko, izixhobo ezifana nokutshintsha ubushushu, iitanki zokugcina, kunye neenkqubo zemibhobho kwizityalo zemichiza ikakhulu zisebenzisa i--316 L yentsimbi njengoko zinamandla okuthwala uhlaselo lweekhemikhali ukusa kumlinganiselo othile, njengeeasidi kunye neekloridi. Nangona kunjalo, kwiindawo ezinobundlongondlongo apho kukho amathuba amakhulu okubola, i-316L yensimbi engenasici ayithandwa kakhulu njengoko inokudlula kwi-crevice corrosion ngaphezu kwe-titanium. Ngokophononongo lwentengiso, intengiso yehlabathi yezixhobo ze-anticorrosion kwimveliso yeekhemikhali ixabisa i-27 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngo-2021.

4. Unyango kunye noNonophelo lwezeMpilo

Ngokubhekiselele kwizicelo, i-titanium ilungisa ngokupheleleyo izifakelo ezifana notyando, lwamazinyo kunye nokufakelwa kwe-orthopedic kunye nokunye. Esinye sezizathu zokuba i-316L insimbi engenasici isetyenziselwa ukwenza izixhobo ezihambelana ne-MRI. Ngokweziphumo zezifundo, izinga lokufakelwa kwethambo le-titanium lingaphezulu kwe-90% ngenxa yeziphumo zayo ezinkulu ze-osseointegration.

5. iCandelo lezaMandla

Ishishini lamandla liphakathi kwabasebenzisi abakhulu bezi zinto zimbini kwicandelo ekujoliswe kulo. Imathiriyeli yentsimbi ifumana usetyenziso lwazo kushishino lwamandla ngokwakhiwa kwezixhobo zenyukliya, iiphaneli zesola, kunye nezityalo ze-geothermal, ngelixa i-titanium isoloko ibhekiswa kuyo kumxholo wokwenziwa kwezinto zokutshintshisa ubushushu, izixhobo ezihlawulela i-hydrosphere, kunye nezixhobo zombane ezijongene namanzi olwandle. Oku kuye kwabonakala ngakumbi njengoko i-titanium ikhankanywe ngaphezu kwesiqingatha sezinto ezisetyenziswa kwi-condenser yezityalo zokukhupha ityuwa, iiprojekthi eziwela phantsi kwecandelo lamandla.

6. Impahla zomthengi

I-Titanium iyaziwa ngobunzima bayo kunye noyilo olukhangayo, yingakho ithandwa kwi-eyewear, izixhobo ze-elektroniki kunye neewotshi eziphezulu, ngelixa intsimbi isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiimveliso zangaphakathi ezifana neefriji, i-tableware kunye neeseti zokufakelwa kweengcango ngenxa yezizathu ezicacileyo, oko kukuthi, iindleko kunye nokukhangayo. Uphando lweMarike olwenziwa ngo-2023 lubonisa ukuba phantse i-75% yazo zonke izinto zabathengi eziveliswe kwihlabathi zibalelwa kwintsimbi engenasici.

Ulwakhiwo: Izixhobo zoLwakhiwo kunye neFasteners

Ukubonelela ngezinto zolwakhiwo kunye neziqhoboshi apho umsebenzi ongaphumeleliyo kubaluleke kakhulu, ngakumbi kubunjineli bokwakha xa bebonke, zombini i-titanium kunye nentsimbi engenastainless ziyimfuneko ngokwembono engasentla. Uxinzelelo olunjalo, apho indlela entsha ye-titanium yomelele kwaye i-titanium inamandla aphezulu kunye nokukhanya kwaye iyakwazi ukumelana neempembelelo ezininzi zokusingqongileyo, ezifana nokusingqongileyo okunobundlobongela, ngakumbi kwiimveliso ezifana neebhulorho zabahambi ngeenyawo kunye namaqonga angaphandle konxweme. Kwanezinye izicelo zifuna ukomelela okuphezulu kwizibophelelo ezisetyenzisiweyo, njengoko kubonisiwe kwakhona kwiingxelo ezibonelelwe yimimandla apho imfuno iphezulu kwaye ukuqinisa kukwandiswa kolwakhiwo kula mazwe. Ukusetyenziswa kwayo kulwakhiwo olukhanyayo kufikelele kwincopho njengoko imfuno yayo kwibhulorho kunye nezakhiwo ezisebenza kakhulu azipheli. Lo ngumsebenzi weempawu zendalo eziqulethwe kuzo zombini izixhobo ezikrelekrele, eziya kuqhubeka zikhula njengetekhnoloji kwinkqubela phambili yolwakhiwo, nomsebenzi ngamnye wemathiriyeli ufumana ukongezwa.

Insimbi engenasici ibe yinto ekhangayo yokuvelisa iimpahla zabathengi ngenxa yokuqina kwemveliso, ubuhle bangaphandle bezinto eziphathekayo, kunye nokukwazi kwesi sinyithi ukuxhathisa ukubola; le ntsimbi ibaluleke kakhulu kwizinto ezihlala ixesha elide ezifana newotshi kunye nezixhobo zokupheka. Ukulambela imakethi ye-kitchenware yehlabathi kulindeleke ukuba ikhule, kwaye esona sabelo siphezulu sokukhula sikwi-steel flatware kunye ne-cookware ngenxa yokuqina kunye nokucoceka kweempawu eziphawulweyo. Kwangolo hlobo, iiwotshi zodidi oluphezulu zihlala ziphethe intsimbi engatyiwayo kunye neentambo ezilungelelanisiweyo ngenxa yenkangeleko yazo entle kunye nezenzo ezisebenzayo nakweyona meko inzima kakhulu yemozulu. Iimarike zithi intsimbi isetyenziswa kakhulu kula macandelo ngenxa yokuba abantu banotyekelo lokuthatha indawo yeemveliso ezinokuthi zisetyenziswe ixesha elithile ngaphandle kokonakalisa indalo.

Iimveliso zabathengi: Iiwotshi kunye neKitchenware

Iinzuzo kunye neengxaki

Amanqanaba agqwesileyo okuqina, ukuxhathisa kwi-corrosion, kunye nokuguquguquka kwenza insimbi engenasici ibe ngumthombo ofanelekileyo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo apho izinto ezisemgangathweni zifunwa kakhulu. Ukuxhatshazwa okuphezulu kokugqoka kunye nokuphila ixesha elide zizinye iingenelo zensimbi engenasici, engadingi ukuguqulwa rhoqo, kwaye oku kungenye indlela yokuphucula iindleko-ukusebenza. Ngaphezu koko, le nto ixhasa izizathu zokusingqongileyo njengoko ingaphinda isetyenziswe ngokulula kwaye le yipatheni abantu abanobume bendalo, kunye nabo banenkxalabo malunga nemiba yokusingqongileyo, baya kubalwa njengomzamo owenziwe ukufezekisa ukuzinza. Nangona isibheno sezinto zokusetyenziswa kumashishini njengento yokuyila iqondwa kakuhle, kukho ezinye iimpawu zensimbi engenasici ezenza ukuba zidume nakwizinto ezithengwayo.

Ineenzuzo zayo, kulungile, kodwa ngelo xesha, kukho izizathu ezithile zokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwensimbi engenasici. Kubiza kakhulu ukwenza intsimbi engatyiwayo xa kuthelekiswa nenani lezinye iindlela kwaye ngoko kunokusebenza njengesithintelo, ngakumbi kwiiprojekthi ezinohlahlo-lwabiwo mali oluphantsi. Ngaphandle koko, insimbi engenasici nayo ifuna umthamo omkhulu wamandla kwiinkqubo zokuvelisa, kwaye oku kuphakamisa ukukhathazeka kwimiba malunga nokusetyenziswa kwensimbi engenasici kwiimarike. Ngaphaya koko, ubunzima bayo obuphezulu bunganciphisa ukusetyenziswa kumashishini amaninzi, njengetekhnoloji ye-aerospace efuna izinto ezikhaphukhaphu, okanye nasekuveliseni iimpahla ezithile zabathengi ezithwalwa lula.

Izinto eziluncedo zeTitanium

1. Umlinganiselo oPhezulu waMandla ukuya kubunzima

I-Titanium yaziwa ngokuba yintlanganisela enkulu yamandla kunye nokukhanya. Yomelele njengentsimbi eninzi, kodwa ubunzima bayo bumalunga ne-40-45% ngaphantsi, inika inzuzo enkulu kwizicelo apho ubunzima busisithintelo esikhulu esifana nokuhamba ngeenqwelomoya, izithuthi, kunye neempahla zemidlalo.

2. Nokumelana Resistance

I-Titanium ayidleki phantsi kwezona meko zinzima zokuvezwa emoyeni. Oku kungenxa yokuba ivelisa ifilimu yeoksidi esebenzayo kumphezulu wayo, ekhusela amanzi anetyuwa arusayo kunye neekhemikhali ezininzi. Ezi zakhiwo zenza i-titanium ibengomnye wabaviwa abagqwesileyo kwisixhobo esenzelwe iinjongo zaselwandle, iikhemikhali, kunye nezempilo.

3. Ukungqinelana

Iiathom ze-Titanium azihambisani nezicubu zomzimba womntu, oko kukuthi, umzimba womntu unyamezeleke kakuhle kwi-titanium. Eli nqaku libonelela ngewonga elite kwizixhobo zonyango; usetyenziso lwayo luyimfuneko ekwenzeni utyando olufakelweyo, amalungu angoozenzele, amathambo, ulwakhiwo lwamazinyo kunye nokunye.

4. Indawo yokuNyibilika ePhakamileyo

Indawo yokubila ye-titanium iphantsi kangangokuba ingasetyenziswa ngempumelelo naxa kushushu kakhulu. Omnye umzekelo ophathelele kwizicelo zobushushu obuphezulu kukusetyenziswa kwe-titanium kwiinjini zejethi kunye nezinye izifudumezi zamashishini ezingatshintshiyo ezivezwe kwindawo yobushushu obuphezulu kakhulu.

5. Ukwandiswa kweThermal ephantsi

Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye isinyithi, i-coefficient yokwandiswa kwe-thermal ye-titanium iphantsi. Le yinzuzo enkulu njengoko ivumela ukugcina ubungakanani benxalenye enikiweyo naxa iqondo lobushushu litshintsha ekufuneka lithotyelwe kwiinzame ezichanekileyo.

Izinto eziluncedo zeStainless Steel

1. Nokumelana Resistance

Insimbi engenasici idibaniswa nekhono lokumelana nokubola. Iipesenti ezibonisiweyo zechromium ze-10.5% ukuya kwi-30% ziyakwazi ukuvusa ukwakheka kwefilimu ye-oksidi yokucoca enzima kakhulu kumphezulu wensimbi engenasici. Ngoko ke, ukutyhubela iminyaka, isinyithi esingenasici sifumene ukusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezinzima ezifana nolwandle, iikhemikhali, kwaye abantu batya kakhulu olo hlobo lokutya okanye baye kumashishini okunyamekela esibhedlele.

2. Ukomelela kunye noKuhlala ixesha elide

Ukudityaniswa kwe-ductility kwenza intsimbi engatyiwayo idibanise amandla okuqina kunye nobude (ductility) ukuze isetyenziswe kakhulu. Ngokomzekelo, Uhlobo lwe-304 yensimbi engenasici inoxinzelelo lwesivuno malunga ne-621 MPa (90Ksi). Ngenxa yobu buchule, buluncedo kulwakhiwo lweziseko ezingundoqo, oomatshini bokwakha, kunye namashishini apho imathiriyeli yokwakha esemgangathweni ingeyiyo inketho.

3. IiPropati ezicocekileyo

Ngokungafaniyo nezinye izinto, insimbi engenasici inomgangatho ogudileyo kakhulu kwaye ongeyo-porous owenza ukuba ixhathise kakhulu ukosulelwa ziibhaktheriya. Ezi ziipropathi ngenxa yazo ezisetyenziswa rhoqo kumashishini okutya, ezonyango, nakumashishini axuba amayeza aphuhlisa imigangatho engqongqo yococeko.

4. Ukunyuka kokushisa

Insimbi engenasici ifaneleke ngokugqithisileyo ukusebenza kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu naphantsi. Nangona, Uhlobo lwe-310 yensimbi engenasici ingasetyenziselwa kwiqondo lokushisa kwe-1150 ° C (2100 ° F) igcina iimpawu zayo zomatshini kunye nomfanekiso othile wamabakala e-austenitic uya kugcina amandla abo naphantsi kokushisa kwe-cryogenic.

5. Ukurisayikilisha kunye noZinzo

Imizobo eqhelekileyo kwiNdawo nganye

1. Yenziwe ngentsimbi eshayinayo

• Iindleko zezinto eziPhakamileyo: Insimbi engenasici, equkethe zonke i-nickel ebiza kakhulu, i-chromium kunye nezinye izinto ezifakwe kwi-alloy yensimbi zibiza kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa ne-carbon steel kunye ne-aluminium. Iindleko zensimbi engenasici kwiimarike, ngokubanzi, zinokunyuka ukuya kuthi ga ngokuphindwe kahlanu kwentsimbi ethambileyo okanye yekhabhoni ngetoni.
• Ukusebenza nzima: Xa kukho ukucwangciswa okanye ukubunjwa kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo, ngokukodwa ukuguqula umatshini, i-martensitic stainless steel stainless lukhuni ngokukhawuleza kwaye ngoko le nkqubo ikwandisa uxinzelelo olupheleleyo olunokuthi luthathe kwaye ngokunjalo neendleko zokulungisa izinto eziphathekayo.
• Ukuqhuba Ukushisa: Insimbi engenasici ine-thermal conductivity ephantsi (malunga ne-16 W / m·K ye-Austenitic grade; kanti kwi-carbon steel, ijikeleze i-50 W / m · K), iyenza ukuba ingafanelanga ukusetyenziswa kwizicelo ezininzi zokudlulisa ubushushu.

2. Titanium

• Iindleko eziphezulu zeMveliso: Phakathi kweengxaki ezininzi kukuveliswa kwe-titanium, eyintsimbi ebiza kakhulu ukwenza kunye ne-industrialing njengoko amaxabiso ahambayo angahamba amaxesha amaninzi nayiphi na enye elinganayo ngenxa yeendleko zamandla zokuyivelisa.
• Imiba yoKwakha iGallium: I-Titanium iyaziwa njengesehlo ngokusekwa kwe-galling echazwa njengento engafunekiyo kwiindawo ezimbini zokudibanisa ezibangela ukuba banxibe kakhulu kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla ngokugqithisileyo kwiindlela.
• Ukufumaneka okungapheliyo: I-niches apho i-titanium isetyenzisiweyo, kunye neendlela zayo zokuvelisa eziyinkimbinkimbi, oku kuthetha ukuba kwimimandla emininzi, ukukhutshwa kwesinyithi kuncinci kunokudala imiqobo yemfuno efana ne-aerospace.

Malunga nokuqwalaselwa kokusiNgqongileyo

Okokuqala, ukufuna i-titanium eninzi kunye nesulungekileyo yenza ukuba okusingqongileyo kube yeyona nto ichaphazeleka kakhulu, ngenxa yotsalo olungqongqo kunye neenkqubo zokusulungekiswa ezisebenzisa amandla amaninzi. Kwakhona, zonke iintlobo ze-titanium ores ezifana ne-ilmenite kunye ne-rutile ziyagrunjwa kwaye zigrunjwe, nto leyo ebangela ukungcola kwimizila yamanzi kunye nokugawulwa kwamahlathi. Ngokuyintloko, ezi ndlela zokusebenzisa amandla okubuyisela kunye nokucocwa kwe-titanium kwi-ores yayo, ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngoncedo lwenkqubo ye-Kroll, iphakamisa ukuveliswa kwe-carbon dioxide emoyeni. Ngokuchaseneyo, le ntsimbi inokumelana okukhulu nokubola kunye namandla oomatshini kwaye ngenxa yoko ukwanda kobomi beemveliso kunye nokuvela kwesidingo sokufumana imathiriyeli kwi-aerospace okanye ulwakhiwo olunamanqanaba aphezulu alo mandla omatshini angagqwaliswanga lula, kunciphisa inkunkuma yokusingqongileyo malunga nezi mveliso. I-Titanium iyamelana ne-corrosion kwaye ihambelana nendlela yokucinga, enokuba luncedo kuphela kwimizila kwimizobo. Ukufakwa kwayo kwizakhiwo kuthetha iindleko eziphantsi zokulungiswa, oko kukuthi, i-zero. I-Titanium inokugcinwa kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu ngokunyusa ulondolozo lwendalo kwiinkqubo zayo kunye nokuthoba amandla afunekayo.

Ukurisayiklishwa kwakhona kweTitanium kunye neNtsimbi eNgatyiwayo

I-Titanium, njengensimbi engenasici, iphinda isetyenziswe, ephakamisa ukufaneleka kwayo njengento eluhlaza esetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kwamanqaku amaninzi anamhlanje. I-Titanium iphinda isetyenziswe kwaye iimpawu zayo zokusebenza azincitshiswanga nge-100% kwaye inokubuyela kwimigca yokuvelisa ekusetyenzisweni kwemigaqo eqhutywe ngumsebenzi. Kwi-titanium, inqanaba lokurisayikilisha lihlala libandakanya ukunyibilika kwezinto ezilahliweyo nto leyo ethetha ukuba oovimba bokuqala abafana nerutile kunye neilmenite okanye izimbiwa zabo azisetyenziswa. Ukongeza, ukurisayikilishwa kwe-titanium kusebenzisa amandla amancinci kakhulu kunalawo afunekayo ekuveliseni i-titanium yokuqala, okwenza kube yinkqubo encinci yokukhutshwa kwe-carbon dioxide.

Ngenzeka, nangona kunjalo, insimbi engenastainless yenye yezona zinto zithembekileyo kunye nehlabathi jikelele malunga nokuhlaziywa kwakhona, kunye nereyithi yokubuyisela ngaphezulu kwe-80%. Inyaniso yokuba akukho kuthotywa kwexabiso elongeziweyo kule ntsimbi ngokuphindaphinda ukubuyisela kwakhona iyenze ukuba ixabiseke kakhulu kumashishini egxininisa ingcamango yophuhliso oluzinzileyo. Ukucutshungulwa kwakhona kwentsimbi engatyiwayo, kwelinye icala, kwandisa umthamo wokucoca inkunkuma ngokuthi isebenzise ukwahlulwa kwemagnethi okuneendleko eziphezulu ukunceda ukubuyisela intsimbi kwinkunkuma eqinileyo. Esi senzo sithomalalisa umthwalo wokusingqongileyo ngokunjalo ngokunciphisa ubungakanani bezinto ezintsha ezifana nentsimbi ekrwada, ichromium, kunye nenickel eziya kombiwa. I-Rim stock stainless steel, nangona kunjalo, kwi-site yenza ukuba iiprosesa zicuthe iindleko njengoko zinciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezingabonakaliyo, kuquka i-iron ore, i-chromium, kunye ne-nickel, ngelixa inciphisa iziphumo ezingathandekiyo kwindalo. Enyanisweni, ezi mpawu ziye zabeka ngokukhawuleza i-titanium kunye nensimbi engenasici kwindawo ephezulu njengoko ziphucula iinkqubo zokuphinda zisetyenziswe kwicandelo lobunjineli kunye nezoshishino.

Impembelelo yokusingqongileyo kwiiNkqubo zeMveliso