Kubaluleke kakhulu iimpawu ze-titanium yimilinganiselo yayo ephezulu yamandla ukuya kubunzima, ukumelana nokugqwala okugqwesileyo, kunye nokuhambelana kwezinto eziphilayo. I-Titanium inobunzima obungaphantsi ngama-45% kunentsimbi. Kodwa i-titanium yeBanga lesi-5 (Ti-6Al-4V) inokulingana neentsimbi ezininzi ezakhiweyo ngamandla okutsalwa.
Iinjineli zikhetha i-titanium xa zinobunzima, ubomi bokudinwa, okanye ukuvezwa ziikhemikhali kuqhuba uyilo. Abathengi ngamanye amaxesha bayayichaza ngokugqithisileyo. I-Titanium ayisiyontsimbi enamandla, enzima, okanye engabizi kakhulu. Ixabiso layo livela kumxube othile weempawu ezinikezelayo.
Kule khokelo, uza kufunda ngeempawu zomzimba, zoomatshini, zobushushu, nezeekhemikhali ezibalulekileyo kubathengi bemizi-mveliso. Uza kubona nendlela amanqanaba aqhelekileyo athelekiswa ngayo. Uza kufunda indlela yokufanisa iimpawu ze-titanium nezicelo zokwenyani. Ukuze ufumane umfanekiso obanzi wokukhetha izinto, funda yethu uthelekiso lwe-titanium vs intsimbi engagqwaliyo.
IItrakthi ezibalulekileyo
- I-Titanium inobunzima obuyi-1.5m 4.51 g / cm³ kwiiklasi ezicocekileyo zorhwebo kunye 4.43 g / cm³ kwiBanga lesi-5 Ti-6Al-4V.
- Ukufikelela kwamandla okutsalwa kwe-titanium yebanga lesi-5 I-895-950 MPa i-annealed, ngelixa i-CP Grade 2 ikufutshane 345 MPA.
- Isitali seTitanium umaleko we-TiO₂ oxide inika ukumelana okubalaseleyo nokugqwala kwiindawo zamanzi olwandle kunye nekloride.
- I-Titanium yiyo i-biocompatible kwaye ayisebenzi ngemagnethi, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ifaneleke kakhulu kwii-implants zonyango kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-elektroniki okunobuzaza.
- Ukuqhuba kwayo okuphantsi kobushushu kwenza i-titanium ibe nzima ukuyisebenzisa kodwa iluncedo ekuhlukaniseni ubushushu kunye neendawo ezinobushushu obuphezulu.
Yintoni iTitanium? Iziseko zeElement kunye neAlloy
I-Titanium yinto yekhemikhali enophawu Ti kunye nenombolo yeathomu 22. Yintsimbi yotshintsho engwevu-silivere. Ininzi kakhulu kuqweqwe loMhlaba. Ukuyicoca kwiintsimbi ezifana ne-ilmenite kunye ne-rutile kufuna amandla amaninzi, ngoko ke i-titanium ibiza kakhulu.
Uninzi lwe-"titanium" yemizi-mveliso ayisiyo-titanium emsulwa. Yi-alloy. Eyona ngxubevange ixhaphakileyo yi I-Ti-6Al-4VIqulethe malunga ne-90% ye-titanium, i-6% ye-aluminium, kunye ne-4% ye-vanadium. I-aluminium yomeleza isigaba se-alpha. Ikwaphucula ukumelana ne-oxidation. I-Vanadium izinzisa isigaba se-beta. Iphucula ukuguquguquka kunye nokuqina.
Amanqanaba e-titanium acocekileyo ngokwezorhwebo (CP) aquka iBanga loku-1, iBanga lesi-2, iBanga lesi-3, kunye neBanga lesi-4. Aqulathe kuphela inani elincinci le-oxygen, i-nitrogen, ikhabhoni, i-hydrogen, kunye ne-iron. Ezi zinto zonyusa amandla. Zikwanciphisa ukuguguleka njengoko umxholo wazo unyuka.
Xa iinjineli zithetha ngeempawu zetitanium, zihlala zithetha i-CP titanium okanye i-Ti-6Al-4V. Ukukhetha uhlobo lwe-grade kutshintsha amanani kakhulu.
Ibali elincinci: Umthengi odidekileyo
Umphathi wezinto ezithengiswayo ogama lingu-Elena Voss wakha wacela umthengisi wakhe “iphepha le-titanium” ngaphandle kokuchaza ibakala. Wafumana ikowuteshini ye-titanium ye-CP yeBanga lesi-2 kwi-$28/kg. Iqela lakhe loyilo lalifuna i-Ti-6Al-4V kwi-aerospace bracket. Ngexesha lokufunyanwa kwempazamo, le projekthi yayisele ilahlekelwe ziiveki ezintathu. Ukuchaza ibakala elifanelekileyo linyathelo lokuqala ekusebenziseni iimpawu ze-titanium ngokuchanekileyo.
IiPropati zoMzimba zeTitanium
Iimpawu ezibonakalayo zeTitanium ziyayihlukanisa nentsimbi kunye ne-aluminium. Eyona nto iluncedo ngokukhawuleza kukuba incinci kwaye inamandla.
| ipropati | I-Titanium ecocekileyo yorhwebo | Ti-6Al-4V (Grade 5) |
|---|---|---|
| mninzi | ~4.51 g/cm³ | ~4.43 g/cm³ |
| Indawo yokunyibilika | ~1,668 °C (3,034 °F) | ~1,600-1,660 °C |
| Isakhiwo seCrystal | I-alpha ye-HCP ngaphantsi kwe-883 °C | Umxube we-Alpha-beta |
| Ukuqhuba i-thermal | ~16-22 W/(m·K) | ~6.7 W/(m·K) |
| Ukwandiswa kobushushu | ~8.6 × 10⁻⁶ /K | ~8.7-9.1 × 10⁻⁶ /K |
| Ukumelana nombane | ~0.55 µΩ·m | ~1.7 µΩ·m |
| Imagnethi | Ngokusisiseko akukho magnethi | Ngokusisiseko akukho magnethi |
Idatha eqokelelwe kwi-AZoM kunye neereferensi zezinto eziqhelekileyo. Amaxabiso achanekileyo axhomekeke kudidi, imeko, kunye nendlela yovavanyo.
Ixabiso loxinano liphambili. I-Titanium inoxinano olumalunga 4.5 g / cm³. Iphakathi kwe-aluminium (~2.7 g/cm³) kunye nentsimbi (~7.8-8.0 g/cm³). Inxalenye ye-titanium enomthamo ofanayo nenxalenye yentsimbi inobunzima obungaphantsi ngama-45%. Yiyo loo nto iinjineli zeenqwelo-moya kunye neembaleki zikhathalele i-titanium.
Iqondo lokunyibilika kweTitanium liphezulu. Ubushushu bayo obuphezulu obusebenzayo buphantsi. I-CP titanium idla ngokukhawulelwa kwi-300 °C. I-Ti-6Al-4V inokusebenza ngokuqhubekayo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-315-400 °C. Ngaphezulu kolo luhlu, ukuqhekeka kunye ne-oxidation ziba ziingxaki ezibalulekileyo.
Ukuqhuba okuphantsi kobushushu kunemiphumo ebonakalayo. Ubushushu abusasazeki ngokukhawuleza nge-titanium. Izixhobo zokusika ziyatshisa ngexesha lokugaya. Abawelda kufuneka basebenzise ukhuselo lwegesi olungasebenziyo ngononophelo ukuze baphephe ungcoliseko. Kwelinye icala, ukuqhuba okuphantsi kobushushu kwenza i-titanium ibe luncedo kwizithintelo zobushushu kunye nezixhobo zobushushu obuphezulu.
Iipropati zoomatshini zeTitanium
Iimpawu zoomatshini zezona ndawo zibaluleke kakhulu kuzo ukukhetha amanqaku. Amanqaku e-CP athambile kwaye alungele ukwakheka. I-Ti-6Al-4V inamandla kakhulu kodwa ayinamatheli kangako.
| ipropati | Ibanga lesi-1 le-CP Ti | Ibanga lesi-2 le-CP Ti | IBakala 5 Ti-6Al-4V |
|---|---|---|---|
| Uqine amandla (MPa) | ≥240 | ~ 345 | 895-950 |
| Isivuno amandla (MPa) | ≥138 | ~ 275 | 825-880 |
| Uluhlu | ≥24% | ≥20% | ≥10% |
| ukuqina | ~120 HB / 70 HRB | low | ~ 30-36 HRC |
| Imodyuli yolutsha (GPA) | ~ 105 | ~ 105 | 110-116 |
Amaxabiso aqhelekileyo kwizinto ezifakwe i-anneal. Unyango lobushushu kunye neziphumo zotshintsho kwimo yemveliso.
I-titanium yebanga lesi-5 yi-alloy yehashe elisebenzayo ngesizathu esihle. Amandla ayo okutsalwa ayafana neentsimbi ze-alloy ezinamandla aphakathi. Kodwa inobunzima obungaphantsi ngama-45%. Amandla ayo okuvelisa nawo aphezulu. Le nto ithwala umthwalo omkhulu ngaphambi kokuba kuqale ukuguqulwa okusisigxina.
Imodulus kaYoung yindawo apho i-titanium yahluke khona kwintsimbi. Intsimbi inemodulus emalunga ne-193 GPa. Imodulus kaTitanium imalunga nesiqingatha saleyo. Umqadi wetitanium onemilo efanayo kunye nomthwalo uya kujika ngokuphindwe kabini kunomqadi wentsimbi. Abayili ngamanye amaxesha bahlawula nge-cross-sections ezinkulu okanye i-geometry eyahlukileyo.
Ukumelana nokudinwa yenye indlela enamandla ngayo. I-Ti-6Al-4V igcina malunga ne-45-50% yamandla ayo okugqibela okutsalwa phantsi kweemeko zokudinwa eziqhutywa ngumjikelo ophezulu. Oko kungcono kuneentsimbi ezininzi ezingenasici ze-aerospace ezisetyenziswa ngamandla ukuya kubunzima. Ukugqitywa komphezulu, ii-notches, kunye nendawo ezikuyo zonke zichaphazela ubomi bokwenyani bokudinwa. Izinto ezivumelekileyo zoyilo ziphantsi kakhulu kunexabiso lelebhu.
Amandla athile ngamandla ahlulwe bubuninzi. Kulapho i-titanium ikhanya khona. Kwiindlela ezibaluleke kakhulu kuyilo, i-titanium idla ngokugqwesa intsimbi kunye ne-aluminium. Uphononongo lomthengisi weenqwelo-moya ka-2024 lufumanise ukuba ukutshintsha i-bracket yentsimbi nge-Ti-6Al-4V kunciphisa ubunzima ngama-44% ngelixa kuthwalwa umthwalo ofanayo wobungqina.
I-CTA ethambileyo: Ngaba ufuna ukuqonda indlela i-titanium ethelekiswa ngayo ngokuthe ngqo nentsimbi kwizicelo zokuthwala umthwalo? Funda isikhokelo sethu esineenkcukacha malunga ingaba i-titanium inamandla kunentsimbi?.
Ukumelana nokugqwala kweTitanium
Ukumelana nokugqwala kweTitanium ivela kumaleko obhityileyo, ozinzileyo, oziphilisayo we-titanium dioxide (TiO₂). Le filimu ye-oxide engasebenziyo yenzeka phantse ngoko nangoko xa i-titanium idibana neoksijini okanye amanzi. Ukuba ikrwelwe, iyatshintsha kwiindawo eziqhelekileyo.
Umaleko we-oxide ukhusela i-titanium kuluhlu olubanzi lwe-pH, malunga ne-pH 1-12. Ikwamelana nokungena kwe-chloride ion. Oko kwenza i-titanium ibe ntle kakhulu emanzini olwandle, emanzini amdaka, nakwiindawo ezininzi zeekhemikhali.
| okusingqongileyo | Ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kweTitanium |
|---|---|
| Amanzi olwandle endalo | Izinga lokugqwala <0.0001 mm/ngonyaka kwiBanga lesi-2 |
| Izisombululo zekloridi | Ayinakumelana kakhulu; ayichaphazeleki kukuqhekeka koxinzelelo |
| I-asidi yeNitric | Ukuchasana okugqwesileyo |
| Nciphisa amanzi anetyuwa | Ukuchasana okugqwesileyo |
| Hydrofluoric acid | Uhlaselo olukhawulezileyo; phepha |
| Igesi yekhlorine eyomileyo | Ingavutha; umswakama uyafuneka ukuze ingasebenzi |
| Ii-alkali ezixineneyo ezishushu | Uhlaselo lunokwenzeka |
Ukusebenza kuxhomekeke kuxinzelelo, ubushushu, kunye nomgangatho.
I-titanium ecocekileyo ngokwezorhwebo idla ngokuba nokumelana nokugqwala okungcono kune-titanium alloys. Ukongeza izinto ezidibanisayo ezifana ne-aluminium kunye ne-vanadium kudala umahluko kwizakhiwo ezincinci. Ezi zinokunciphisa kancinci ukusebenza kokugqwala kwiindawo ezixineneyo. Ibanga lesi-7 longeza i-palladium (0.12-0.25%). Oku kuphucula ukumelana ne-asidi kunye neemeko zokuqhekeka.
Ibali elincinci: Umtshintshi wobushushu owahlala ixesha elide
Isityalo seekhemikhali esiselunxwemeni sisebenzise iityhubhu zentsimbi engagqwali ezingama-316 kwisixhobo sokutshintsha ubushushu bamanzi olwandle. Emva kweminyaka emine, iityhubhu zabonakala zinomngxuma kwaye kwafuneka zitshintshwe. Umphathi wolondolozo uMike Chen watshintshela kwiityhubhu zetitanium zeBanga lesi-2. Ixabiso lokuqala lezinto laliphezulu, kodwa emva kweminyaka elishumi yokusebenza ngokuqhubekayo iityhubhu zetitanium azizange zibonakalise umhlwa olinganisekayo. Kwisityalo sakhe, ixabiso eliphantsi lomjikelo wobomi lenze i-titanium yaba lolona khetho lungcono lobunjineli.
Ukuhambelana kwezinto eziphilayo kunye neempawu zonyango
I-Titanium isetyenziswa kakhulu kwii-implants zonyango kuba ayihambelani ne-biocompatible, ayinatyhefu, kwaye idibana kakuhle nethambo. Umaleko we-TiO₂ oxide uzinzile ngokweekhemikhali kulwelo lomzimba kwaye awubangeli iimpendulo ezinamandla zokudumba.
Iiseli ezenza amathambo ezibizwa ngokuba zii-osteoblasts zinamathela ngqo kwiindawo ze-titanium. Le nkqubo, ebizwa ngokuba yi-osseointegration, idala unxibelelwano oluqinileyo phakathi kwe-implant kunye nethambo. Uburhabaxa bomphezulu kunye nonyango lunokuphucula ukuhlanganiswa kwe-osseo.
I-Titanium nayo ayisebenzisi magnethi ngokusisiseko. Oko kuyenza ikhuseleke kwi-MRI scans kwaye iluncedo kwizixhobo ze-elektroniki apho ukuphazamiseka kwemagnethi kufuneka kuncitshiswe. Ukuze uthelekise, jonga inqaku lethu malunga Ngaba i-titanium inobunewunewu.
I-Ti-6Al-4V ELI (iBanga lama-23) yi-alloy eqhelekileyo ye-implant. I-"ELI" imele i-extra-low interstitial. Umthamo we-oksijini ophantsi uphucula ukuqina, ukuqina kokuqhekeka, kunye nokumelana nokudinwa. Ezinye ii-alloy ze-implant ezintsha zithatha indawo ye-vanadium nge-niobium. Oku kujongana neenkxalabo malunga nokukhululwa kwe-ion.
Omnye umda kukukhusela uxinzelelo. I-Ti-6Al-4V ine-modulus elastiki emalunga ne-110 GPa. Ithambo le-cortical lomntu lisondele kwi-20 GPa. I-implant eqinileyo ithwala umthwalo omninzi. Oku kunokubangela ukufunxwa kwamathambo kufutshane ne-implant. Abaphandi baphuhlisa ii-alloys ze-beta-titanium ezisezantsi ukuze banciphise esi siphumo.
IiGrade zeTitanium eziqhelekileyo kunye neempawu zazo
Ukuqonda eyona nto iphambili amanqanaba e-titanium kunceda abathengi ukuba bathelekise iipropati nezicelo.
| kwiBanga | uhlobo | Amandla Amandla | Iipropati eziphambili | Ukusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bakala 1 | CP Ti | I-240 MPa | Eyona ductility iphezulu, ukumelana nokugqwesa okugqwesileyo | Ukucubungula iikhemikhali, uyilo lwezakhiwo, ukufakelwa kwezonyango okufuna ukwakheka |
| Bakala 2 | CP Ti | ~ 345 MPa | Udidi lwehashe elisebenzayo; ulungelelwaniso oluhle lwamandla, ukugqwala, ukudityaniswa | Izinto zolwandle, iikhemikhali, izinto zokutshintshiselana ubushushu, imibhobho yemizi-mveliso |
| Bakala 3 | CP Ti | ~ 450 MPa | Amandla aphezulu kuneBanga lesi-2, i-ductility ephantsi | Izicelo zoshishino ezifuna amandla aphakathi |
| Bakala 4 | CP Ti | ~ 600 MPa | Amandla aphezulu kumabakala eCP | Iziqhoboshi zeenqwelo-moya, izixhobo zotyando |
| Bakala 5 | I-Ti-6Al-4V | I-895-950 MPa | Umlinganiselo ophezulu wamandla ukuya kobunzima, unokunyangwa ngobushushu | I-Aerospace, iimoto, izixhobo zonyango, ioyile negesi |
| Bakala 7 | I-Ti-0.15Pd | ~ 345 MPa | Njengebanga lesi-2 kodwa inokumelana nokugqwala okwandisiweyo | Ukucubungula iikhemikhali, ukunciphisa ii-asidi, ukukhupha ityuwa emzimbeni |
| Bakala 23 | Ti-6Al-4V ELI | I-860-960 MPa | Ukuqina okuphezulu kunye nokumelana nokudinwa kuneBanga lesi-5 | Izinto ezifakelweyo zonyango ezisisigxina, iindawo ezibalulekileyo zeenqwelo-moya |
Amaxabiso aqhelekileyo yi-annealed minima okanye i-ranges. Jonga i-ASTM B348, i-ASTM B265, i-ASTM F136, i-ASTM F1472, okanye i-AMS 4928 ukuze ufumane iinkcukacha ezichanekileyo.
Ibanga lesi-2 lelona nqanaba liqhelekileyo le-CP. Linika ukumelana okuhle nokugqwala ngexabiso eliphakathi kwaye kulula ukulidibanisa nokuyila. Ibanga lesi-5 lilawula apho amandla abalulekileyo khona. Ibanga lesi-7 likhetho xa kukho ukunciphisa ii-asidi okanye ii-hot chloride.
Iintsapho ze-Titanium Alloy
Ii-alloys ze-titanium zahlulwe ngokwezigaba eziziqulathe kubushushu begumbi.
Iialloy zeAlpha (α) zizinzile kwaye zinokumelana okuhle kokuqhekeka kunye nokudityaniswa. Iigreyidi zeCP ngokuyintloko ziyi-alpha titanium. Iialloy zeAlpha zikhethwa kakhulu kwizicelo zobushushu obuphezulu kunye neendawo ezifuna ukumelana okuhle kokugqwala.
Iialloy ze-Alpha-beta (α+β) ziqulathe zombini ii-alpha kunye ne-beta phases kubushushu begumbi. I-Ti-6Al-4V yeyona mzekelo ibalulekileyo. Ezi alloys zibonelela ngokulinganisela okubalaseleyo kwamandla, ukuqina, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Zingalungiswa ngobushushu ukuze kulungiswe iipropati.
Ii-alloys zeBeta (β) zizityebi kwizinto ezizinzisa i-beta ezifana ne-vanadium, i-molybdenum, kunye ne-chromium. Zomelele, ziyakhiwa, kwaye ziyaqina xa ziguga. Ii-beta alloys zisetyenziselwa izinto ze-aerospace ezinamandla aphezulu kunye nee-implants eziphambili.
Ukhetho losapho lwe-alloy aluchaphazeli nje kuphela amandla kodwa nendlela yokwenza izinto. Ii-alfa kunye ne-near-alpha alloys zihlala zilula ukuzihlanganisa. Ii-beta alloys zinokufikelela kumandla aphezulu kodwa zinokuba nzima ngakumbi ukuzisebenzisa.
Indlela iiPropati zeTitanium eziqhuba ngayo izicelo
Isicelo ngasinye esikhulu se-titanium sisebenzisa indibaniselwano ethile yeempawu.
I-Aerospace
Iinqwelo-moya kunye neenqwelo-moya zenzelwe ubunzima. Umlinganiselo ophezulu weTitanium wamandla nobunzima kunye nokumelana nokudinwa kwenza ukuba ilungele iifreyimu zomoya, izixhobo zokufika, izinto zenjini, kunye neziqhoboshi. I-Boeing 787 kunye ne-Airbus A350 zisebenzisa i-titanium ukuya kwi-15% ngobunzima.
Ukufakelwa kwezonyango
Ukuhambelana kwezinto eziphilayo, ukumelana nokugqwala, kunye namandla okudinwa kwenza i-titanium ibe yeyona ndlela iqhelekileyo yokutshintshwa kwesinqe, ukufakwa kwamazinyo, izixhobo zomqolo, kunye nezixhobo zotyando. I-ELI yeBanga lama-23 idla ngokuchazwa kwii-implants ezithwala umthwalo osisigxina.
Ukwenziwa kweMicimbi yaseLwandle kunye neMichiza
I-Titanium imelana nokugqwala kwamanzi olwandle ngcono kakhulu kunentsimbi engagqwaliyo engama-316. Isetyenziswa kwizixhobo zokutshintsha ubushushu, kwizityalo zokukhupha ityuwa emanzini, kwizixhobo zamanzi angaphantsi kolwandle, nakwii-reactors zeekhemikhali. Ibanga lesi-2 liqhelekile kwiityhubhu; Ibanga lesi-7 lisetyenziselwa ii-asidi ezinciphisa amandla ngakumbi.
Izithuthi kunye neMidlalo yeeMoto
Iinkqubo zokukhupha umoya, iivalvu, izipringi, kunye neziqhoboshi zisebenzisa i-titanium ukunciphisa ubunzima apho ukusebenza kubalulekile khona. Ixabiso lezinto zokwakha liphezulu, kodwa ukonga ubunzima kuphucula ukukhawulezisa kunye nokuphathwa.
Izixhobo ze-elektroniki kunye neziSensitive
Indalo yeTitanium yokungabi namandla ombane yenza ukuba ifaneleke kwizixhobo ezihambelana neMRI, iiwotshi, kunye neendawo zokugcina izinto ze-elektroniki apho ukuphazamiseka kwamandla ombane kuyingxaki.
I-CTA ephakathi: Kwiiprojekthi apho intsimbi engagqwaliyo ibonelela ngokulinganisela okufanelekileyo kokuxhathisa ukugqwala, amandla, kunye neendleko, i-LIANYUNGANG DAPU METAL inikezela ngeemveliso zentsimbi engagqwali ezingama-316 kunye neemveliso zentsimbi engagqwali ezingama-304 zezicelo zoshishino zehlabathi.
Machining kunye Fabrication ingqalelo
Iimpawu zeTitanium zidala amathuba kunye nemingeni kwimveliso.
Ukuqhuba ubushushu obuphantsi kuthetha ukuba ubushushu bugxile kwisixhobo sokusika. Umatshini ufuna ukuseta okuqinileyo. Kwakhona kufuna izixhobo ezibukhali zekhabhayithi okanye zeseramikhi, isantya esicothayo, kunye ne-coolant eninzi. Ukuguga kwezixhobo kukhawuleza kunokuba kusetyenziswe intsimbi okanye i-aluminium.
I-Titanium iyathandeka ukucaphuka. Ukugalela luhlobo lomonakalo kumphezulu apho iindawo zesinyithi zikhuhlana kwaye zinamathelana. Izibophelelo zetitanium ezinemisonto zihlala zifuna izinto zokugquma okanye izinto zokuthambisa ezilwa nokugalela. Oku kuyinyani ngakumbi xa izibophelelo ziqiniswa ngokuphindaphindiweyo.
Ukuwelda i-titanium kulula ngokwemigaqo kodwa kuyafuneka xa kusenziwa. Isinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo kufuneka sikhuselwe kwioksijini nakwi-nitrogen ngokukhusela igesi engangenisi mandla. Ungcoliseko lunokubangela ukubhitya. Abawelda badla ngokusebenzisa igesi engasemva ye-argon kunye neendawo ezidibeneyo ezicocekileyo, ezingena-oxide.
Indlela yokwenza izinto ifana kancinci nentsimbi engagqwaliyo, kodwa i-springback inokuba nkulu. Ungcoliseko oluvela kumasuntswana esinyithi lunokubangela iindawo zokugqwala. Izixhobo ezizinikeleyo kunye nokuphathwa okucocekileyo kubalulekile.
Ixabiso leprimiyamu libalulekile. I-titanium idla ngokubiza ngokuphindwe ka-4-10 kunentsimbi engatyiwayo ngekhilogram nganye. Ibiza ngokuphindwe ka-20-50 kunentsimbi yekhabhoni. Loo primiyamu ifanelekile kuphela xa umxube wepropathi usombulula ingxaki yoyilo ngokwenene.
Ibali elincinci: Inxalenye eyenziwe ngomatshini eyoyisakeleyo
Ivenkile yeemoto yazama ukutshatisa iibholithi zokumiswa zeTi-6Al-4V ngee-carbide inserts ezifanayo ezazisetyenziswa kwintsimbi ye-4140. Ezi inserts zahlala iinxalenye ezisibhozo endaweni yamashumi asibhozo. Emva kokutshintshela kwisantya esicothayo, i-coolant enoxinzelelo oluphezulu, kunye ne-geometry yezixhobo ezikhethekileyo, bafikelele kwixesha elifanelekileyo lezixhobo. Isifundo: i-titanium ayisebenzi njengentsimbi phantsi kwevenkile.
Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo Malunga Neempawu ZeTitanium
Ziziphi iimpawu eziphambili ze-titanium?
Iimpawu eziphambili zeTitanium kukulinganisela amandla aphezulu ukuya kubunzima, ukumelana nokugqwala okugqwesileyo, ukuhambelana kwezinto eziphilayo, uxinano oluphantsi, kunye nemagnetism ephantsi. Ikhaphukhaphu malunga ne-45% kunentsimbi kwaye yenza umaleko we-TiO₂ oxide okhuselayo omelana neendawo ezininzi ezigqwalisayo.
Yintoni ubuninzi be-titanium?
I-titanium ecocekileyo yorhwebo inobunzima obumalunga ne- 4.51 g / cm³I-Ti-6Al-4V Grade 5 inoxinano oluphantsi kancinci olumalunga 4.43 g / cm³ kuba i-aluminium kunye ne-vanadium zikhaphukhaphu kune-titanium.
Yintoni amandla okutsalwa kwe-titanium?
Amandla okutsalwa axhomekeke kudidi. I-titanium ye-Grade 1 CP ubuncinane yi-240 MPa. I-titanium ye-Grade 2 CP imalunga ne-345 MPa. I-Ti-6Al-4V ye-Grade 5 idla ngokuba yi-895-950 MPa efakwe kwaye ingadlula i-1,100 MPa kwimeko yonyango lobushushu.
Ngaba i-titanium ayimelani nokugqwala?
Ewe. I-Titanium yenza umaleko we-TiO₂ oxide ozinzileyo, oziphilisayo obonelela ngokumelana okuhle kakhulu emanzini olwandle, ii-chloride, kunye nee-asidi ezininzi. Ihlaselwa yi-hydrofluoric acid, igesi ye-chlorine eyomileyo, kunye ne-alkalis eshushu kakhulu.
Ngaba i-titanium iyahambelana ne-biochemical?
Ewe. I-Titanium ayinabungozi, ayisebenzi kakhulu kulwelo lomzimba, kwaye ixhasa ukuhlanganiswa kwe-osseo. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwii-implants zamazinyo, ukutshintshwa kwamalungu, kunye nezixhobo zotyando.
Uthini umahluko phakathi kweBanga lesi-2 neBanga lesi-5 letitanium?
Ibanga lesi-2 yi-titanium ecocekileyo ngokwezorhwebo enokumelana nokugqwala okuhle kakhulu kodwa inamandla aphakathi. Ibanga lesi-5 yi-Ti-6Al-4V, i-alloy enamandla aphezulu kakhulu, uxinano oluphantsi, kunye nokumelana nokudinwa okuhle kodwa i-ductility encinci.
Ngaba i-titanium iqhuba ubushushu okanye umbane kakuhle?
Hayi. I-Titanium ayisebenzi kakuhle xa ithelekiswa ne-copper okanye i-aluminium. I-CP titanium thermal conductivity imalunga ne-16-22 W/(m·K), kwaye iGrade 5 imalunga ne-6.7 W/(m·K). Ukumelana nombane kumalunga ne-0.55 µΩ·m kwi-CP titanium.
Kutheni i-titanium isetyenziswa kwi-aerospace?
Uyilo lweenqwelo-moya lubeka phambili ukunciphisa ubunzima. I-Titanium inika amandla afana neentsimbi ezininzi malunga nesiqingatha sobunzima, kunye nokumelana nokudinwa okuhle kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kobushushu obuphezulu ukuya kuthi ga kwi-315-400 °C.
isiphelo
Ixabiso leTitanium livela kudibaniso lwayo olukhethekileyo lweempawu. Akukho metric enye eyenza ibe yekhethekileyo. Uxinano lwayo oluphantsi, umlinganiselo ophezulu wamandla ukuya kubunzima, ukumelana nokugqwala, kunye nokuhambelana kwezinto eziphilayo kwenza ukuba ibe yinto ebalulekileyo kwi-aerospace, kwezonyango, elwandle, nakwiikhemikhali. Kwangaxeshanye, ukuqina kwayo okuphantsi, ukuhanjiswa kobushushu obuphantsi, kunye neendleko eziphezulu kuthetha ukuba ayilulo ukhetho olufanelekileyo kuyo yonke iprojekthi.
Kwiinjineli nabathengi, isitshixo kukudibanisa umgangatho nesicelo. Ibanga lesi-2 ligqwesile ekumelaneni nokugqwala kunye nokukwazi ukwakheka. Ibanga lesi-5 linika amandla aphezulu kunye nokumelana nokudinwa. Ibanga lesi-7 liphatha ii-asidi ezinciphisa amandla. Ibanga lama-23 le-ELI lenzelwe ukufakelwa izinto ezibalulekileyo kwezonyango.
Kwiiprojekthi apho intsimbi engagqwaliyo inika ibhalansi efanelekileyo yokusebenza kunye neendleko, iLIANYUNGANG DAPU METAL inikezela ngeemveliso zentsimbi engagqwaliyo ezingama-316 kunye neemveliso zentsimbi engagqwali ezingama-304. Ukuze ufumane uncedo ekukhetheni izinto ezifanelekileyo, nxibelelana neqela lethu lobuchwephesha ukuze ufumane iingcebiso ngokukhetha izinto okanye cela ixabiso.
