Kwimibhobho ye-titanium heat exchanger, iGrade 2 (UNS R50400) lukhetho oluqhelekileyo. Ichazwe kwi-ASTM B338 njengetyhubhu engenamthungo okanye edibeneyo, edla ngokuba yi-19.05 mm okanye i-25.4 mm ububanzi ngaphandle kunye neendonga eziyi-0.7 ukuya kwi-0.9 mm, zenkonzo ye-condenser, i-evaporator, kunye nenkonzo ye-shell-and-tube. IGrade 5 ikhethwa kuphela xa uxinzelelo okanye ukudinwa kuqhuba uyilo, kunye neGrade 7 okanye iGrade 12 xa ii-chloride ezishushu zidlula umda we-titanium ecocekileyo yorhwebo.
Xa ityhubhu yentsimbi engagqwaliyo ye-316L iphuma emva kweminyaka emibini, impendulo idla ngokuba yi-titanium. Kodwa "i-titanium" ayisiyonto ifunekayo. Uhlobo olungalunganga, uhlobo lwetyhubhu olungalunganga, okanye ukudibanisa ityhubhu engalunganga kuyasilela ngesizathu esahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo kune-corrosion, kwaye impazamo inokubiza ngaphezulu kunesinyithi ngokwaso.
Cinga ngoDana, injineli yeprojekthi kwisityalo seekhemikhali owatshintsha i-stainless bundle eyayingasebenzi kakuhle ngeetyhubhu ze-Grade 5 Ti-6Al-4V kuba yayiyeyona titanium inamandla awayenokuyichaza. I-bundle yayinomda wokugqwala, ingamdanga amandla, kwaye ukuhanjiswa kobushushu obuphantsi kwe-alloy kwanciphisa ubushushu bayo kancinci kancinci. Wagqibela ehlawula iprimiyamu ye-alloy nge-bundle eyayihambisa ubushushu obuncinci.
Esi sikhokelo sichaza isizathu sokuba iBanga lesi-2 lilawula inkonzo yeetyhubhu, indlela iBanga lesi-2 kunye neBanga lesi-5 ezithelekiswa ngayo kwiityhubhu, ixesha lokunyuka ukuya kwiBanga lesi-7 okanye iBanga le-12, ukhetho olungenamthungo ngokuchasene ne-welded, ubungakanani beetyhubhu kunye nemigangatho, uyilo lweetyhubhu kunye ne-galvanic, kunye noqoqosho lokwenyani ngokuchasene ne-316L. Ukuze ufumane umfanekiso opheleleyo webanga ngokuchasene nebanga, bona uthelekiso lwethu lwebanga lesi-2 kunye nebanga lesi-5 lwe-titanium.
IItrakthi ezibalulekileyo
- I-titanium yebanga lesi-2 yinqanaba eliqhelekileyo leetyhubhu zokutshintshiselana nobushushu, ezigubungela malunga ne-80% yemisebenzi kuquka amanzi olwandle, amanzi amdaka, kunye nolwelo olucocekileyo olufikelela kwi-250°C.
- Ibanga lesi-2 liqhuba ubushushu ngcono ngokuphindwe kayi-2.4 kuneBanga lesi-5 (malunga ne-17 xa kuthelekiswa ne-7 W/m·K), ngoko ke izinga elingabizi kakhulu nelicocekileyo lidla ngokufudumeza ubushushu obuninzi kwinkonzo yetyhubhu.
- Ityhubhu engenamthungo neyi-welded zombini zigqunywe yi-ASTM B338, kwaye ityhubhu e-welded idla ngokubiza ngaphantsi nge-10 ukuya kwi-20%.
- Iityhubhu zetitanium ezidityaniswe netyhubhu yentsimbi engatyiwayo okanye ye-copper-alloy zinokungaphumeleli kwiindawo ezidibeneyo kwisithuba seminyaka emibini ukuya kwemithathu. Ityhubhu yentsimbi ibaluleke kakhulu njengomgangatho.
- I-titanium tube ibiza kabini ukuya kane ngaphezulu kune-316L, kodwa xa isetyenziswa ngamandla, inokubonelela ngexabiso eliphantsi leminyaka engama-20 lokuba ngumnini wayo ngokubuyisela imali kwiminyaka eyi-1.5 ukuya kweyi-2.5.
Kutheni iTitanium Tubing? Ityala leTitanium kwi-Heat Exchangers
I-Titanium isetyenziselwa iityhubhu zokutshintshiselana nobushushu kuba imelana nokuhlaselwa ngamanzi olwandle, i-chloride, kunye neekhemikhali ngefilimu eziziphilisayo, ngelixa ivumela iindonga zeetyhubhu ezincinci nezikhaphukhaphu kunye nobomi benkonzo beminyaka engama-20 nangaphezulu. Isusa isibonelelo sokugqwala esifunekayo kwintsimbi engagqwaliyo, nto leyo ephucula ukudluliselwa kobushushu kwaye isuse ukuphinda-phinda ukufakelwa kweetyhubhu.
Iipropati ezintathu ziqhuba eso sigqibo:
- Ukuzikhusela ekungangeni gazi. I-Titanium ayichaphazeleki kakuhle ngamanzi olwandle kunye ne-chloride pitting, ibola malunga ne-0.0005 mm ngonyaka emanzini olwandle angqongileyo.
- Akukho mvume yokugqwala. Ngenxa yokuba isinyithi asifuni bukhulu obungalinganiyo, iindonga zinokwenziwa zibe ncinci, nto leyo enciphisa ubunzima kwaye iphucule ukudluliselwa kobushushu.
- Ubomi obude. Le nto ihlala ixesha elide, nto leyo esusa umjikelo wokubuyisela izinto ezisetyenziswa kakhulu yipakethe engenasici esebenza ngamandla.
Uza kufumana ityhubhu yetitanium njengezinto eziqhelekileyo kwi-condenser zamandla ezipholileyo emanzini olwandle, izityalo zokususa ityuwa ezisebenzisa uyilo lwe-flash oluneziphumo ezininzi okanye olunezigaba ezininzi, ii-chemical processing exchangers, ii-offshore cooling circuits, kunye neenkqubo ze-geothermal brine. Kwimeko nganye, ityhubhu ivezwa kulwelo olune-chloride eninzi okanye olunamandla ngokweekhemikhali oluya kuqhekeza okanye luqhekeze i-stainless bundle.
Isiphumo sisixhobo esithathwa zizityalo ezininzi njengesisigxina endaweni yokuba sisetyenziswe, nto leyo etshintsha lonke ubalo lweendleko. Loo balo luqala ngebanga, kwaye kwinkonzo yeetyhubhu kusetyenziswa ibanga elinye.
Kutheni iTitanium yeBanga lesi-2 ilawula i-Heat Exchanger Tubing
Ibanga lesi-2 limalunga ne-80% yeetyhubhu ze-titanium heat exchanger kuba lilinganisa iipropati ezine ezibaluleke kakhulu kwinkonzo yeetyhubhu: ukumelana nokugqwala, ukuqhuba kobushushu, ukuwelda kunye nokukwazi ukwakheka, kunye nexabiso. Akukho nqanaba limbi elenza zonke ezine kakuhle ngexabiso elifanayo.
Nokumelana Resistance
Ibanga lesi-2 libanga elicocekileyo kurhwebo elinefilimu ezinzileyo ye-titanium dioxide engashukumiyo. Kumanzi olwandle afudumeleyo nangaphakathi, liyabola ngesantya esincinci, malunga ne-0.0005 mm ngonyaka, kwaye liyamelana nokuqhekeka kwemingxuma, ukuhlaselwa kwe-cravice, kunye nokuqhekeka kwe-chloride stress corrosion. Ngenxa yokuba ayifuni mvume yokubola, ikwavumela udonga oluncinci kunokuba lufuna i-carbon steel okanye i-stainless steel. Isikhokelo sethu se-titanium sebanga lesi-2 sigubungela eli banga ngokupheleleyo, kwaye i -International Titanium Association ipapasha idatha yokubola kuwo onke amanqanaba. Uluhlu olupheleleyo lufumaneka kwinqaku lethu apho i-titanium grade ixhathisa kakhulu ukubola.
Ukuqhuba Ukushisa
Le yeyona nto ingaqhelekanga kwiinjineli. Ibanga lesi-2 liqhuba ubushushu kwi-17 W/m·K, ngelixa iBanga lesi-5 liqhuba kwi-6.5 ukuya kwi-7.2 W/m·K kuphela. Ibanga lesi-2 ke ngoko lihambisa ubushushu ngcono ngokuphindwe ka-2.4, nto leyo ebunceda ngokuthe ngqo kwi-heat exchanger.
Ukuweldability kunye nokuQeda
Ibanga lesi-2 lisakhiwo se-alpha esicocekileyo esidibanisa ngefestile ebanzi yenkqubo kwaye sigobe ngokukhawuleza kwii-U-tubes kunye nee-serpentine bundles. Loo ndlela ilula yokwenza izinto inciphisa iindleko kunye nomngcipheko wejoyinti enesiphene.
ixabiso
Ibanga lesi-2 lidla ngokubiza ngaphantsi ngama-30 ukuya kuma-50% kunebanga lesi-5 ngokwezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo, kwaye lenza izinto ngokukhawuleza. Kwiphakheji ethintelwe kukugqwala kunye nokudluliselwa kobushushu endaweni yamandla, loo msantsa uluncedo kakhulu.
Ibanga loku-1 lithambile nangakumbi kwaye lisetyenziswa apho ukwakheka okuphezulu kubalulekile, njengee-plate exchangers kunye neendawo ezitsalwe nzulu. Ibanga lesi-2 lihlala lisebenza ngokulinganayo kwimisebenzi emininzi yeetyhubhu.
Ityhubhu yeTitanium Heat Exchanger: Ibanga lesi-2 vs iBanga lesi-5
Uthelekiso phakathi kwe-titanium yeBanga lesi-2 kunye neBanga lesi-5 kwii-heat exchangers lubonakala ngathi luphumelele ngokucacileyo kwi-alloy enamandla de wongeze ubushushu kunye neendleko etafileni.
| ipropati | IBakala 2 (UNS R50400) | IBakala 5 (UNS R56400) |
|---|---|---|
| Amandla okuxinana (umzuzu) | 345 MPA | 895 MPA |
| Amandla esivuno (min) | 275 MPA | 828 MPA |
| Ukuqhuba i-thermal | ~17 W/m·K | ~6.5-7.2 W/m·K |
| Ukonakala kwamanzi olwandle | Isebenza ngokufanelekileyo ekukhuselekeni komzimba | Ayikwazi ukumelana nezifo, ifuna ukhathalelo lwe-galvanic |
| Ukuweldability | Ifestile ebanzi nebalaseleyo | Ukukhusela igesi kakuhle nangokungqongqo |
| Ukumila okubandayo | Zintle | Ilinganiselwe, ishushu kakhulu kwi-700-950°C |
| Iindleko ezihambelanayo | Isiseko | Izinto eziphezulu ngama-30-50% |
| Umsebenzi oqhelekileyo wetyhubhu | Amanzi olwandle, ikloridi, iikhemikhali | Uxinzelelo oluphezulu, ukudinwa okuphezulu |
Isiphumo esichaseneyo kukuba iBanga lesi-5 liqina ngokuphindwe kabini ukuya kathathu kodwa liqhuba ubushushu ngaphantsi kwesiqingatha kwaye alikwazi ukumelana nokugqwala emanzini olwandle. Kwindlela yoyilo lweetyhubhu ezithintelwe kukugqwala kunye nokudluliselwa kobushushu, iBanga lesi-2 lidla ngokuphumelela kuzo zombini iindlela zokusebenza kunye neendleko. IBanga lesi-5 lifumana indawo yalo kuphela phantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu, ukudinwa okuphezulu, okanye umsebenzi wodonga oluncinci olubalulekileyo, kwaye nangona kunjalo lifuna ukwahlulwa kwe-galvanic.
Umthetho ulula. Ukuba umqobo woyilo kukugqwala okanye ukudluliselwa kobushushu, khetha iBanga lesi-2. Ukuba uxinzelelo okanye ukudinwa yimqobo, cinga ngeBanga lesi-5 kwaye uyila indibano yokwahlulwa kwe-galvanic. Isikhokelo sethu seBanga lesi-5 titanium sigubungela amandla oomatshini e-alloy, kwaye uhlalutyo lweendleko ze-titanium yeBanga lesi-2 vs yeBanga lesi-5 lubonisa indlela umsantsa wenxalenye egqityiweyo odla ngokugqitha ngayo umsantsa wezinto eziluhlaza.
Ukulinganisa umgangatho nomsebenzi onzima? Iqela lethu lobuchwephesha lihlola iimeko zotshintshiselwano, kubandakanya inqanaba le-chloride, ubushushu, kunye nomngcipheko wokuma, kwaye licebisa izixhobo ezifanelekileyo. Cela ingcebiso yezinto ukuze uqalise.
Ixesha Lokunyuka: Ityhubhu yeBanga lesi-7 kunye neBanga le-12
Ibanga lesi-2 linobuthathaka obunye kwinkonzo yeetyhubhu: iimfanta ezixineneyo emanzini ashushu, ane-chloride eninzi. I-tube-to-tubesheet joint, iindawo ze-brine ezimileyo, kunye nee-biofouling deposits zinokunyusa amaqondo obushushu akwindawo ethile ngaphezu komda we-cravice we-titanium ecocekileyo ethengiswayo, ekwi-75 ukuya kwi-82°C.
Ngaphezulu kwaloo mda, ukulungiswa okuqhelekileyo yiGrade 7 (Ti-0.15Pd). Ukongezwa kwepalladium kuzinzisa ifilimu engasebenziyo kwaye kutyhala umda womngxuma-wokubola ukuya kwi-250 ukuya kwi-260°C, yiyo loo nto iGrade 7 isebenzela ukukhupha ityuwa kubushushu obuphezulu kunye nokutshintshana kweekhemikhali.
Ibanga le-12 (Ti-0.3Mo-0.8Ni) libonelela malunga ne-80 ukuya kwi-90% yokusebenza kwebanga lesi-7 malunga nesiqingatha se-palladium premium. Ikwabonelela ngamandla aphezulu obushushu kunye nokudityaniswa okuhle, okwenza kube luphuculo olungcono xa umsebenzi unzima kodwa ungagqithisi.
Indlela esebenza ngayo le mida, kunye nosapho olupheleleyo lwe-palladium-grade, igutyungelwe kwisikhokelo sethu se-titanium grade enokumelana nokugqwala. Kwinkonzo yeetyhubhu, ingongoma esebenzayo kukuba i-Grade 2 iphatha uninzi lwe-exchangers, kwaye i-Grade 7 okanye i-Grade 12 igubungela intsalela ye-hot-chloride.
Ityhubhu yeTitanium engenamthungo vs eWelded
I-ASTM B338 igubungela zombini iityhubhu ze-titanium heat exchanger ezingenamthungo nezihlanganisiweyo zee-condenser kunye nee-exchangers, ngoko ke ukukhetha phakathi kwezi zimbini kuxhomekeke kwindleko nakwimbopheleleko kunokuba kube semgangathweni.
Abavelisi batsala ityhubhu engenamthungo kwi-billet engenanto, beyinciphisa ngomda oqhubekayo kwinqanaba ngalinye. Benza ityhubhu edibeneyo kwi-annealed flat strip, baze bayisebenze ngomda ukuya kubukhulu bokugqibela ukuze i-weld iphuhlise isakhiwo esiqhelekileyo esilinganayo ngaphambi kokuba ikhulule uxinzelelo.
Le tyhubhu ithanda ityhubhu edibeneyo. Ixabisa nge-10 ukuya kwi-20% ngaphantsi kwaye yeyona isetyenziswa rhoqo kwiibhanti ezininzi ze-condenser kunye ne-exchanger. Ityhubhu engenamthungo ifanele uxinzelelo oluphezulu, umsebenzi onzima ngakumbi, okanye naluphi na usetyenziso apho kufuneka umngcelele oqhubekayo ngokupheleleyo.
Iimfuno zovavanyo zahlukile, kwaye ziluphawu lomgangatho oluluncedo lokujonga isatifikethi sovavanyo lwe-mill. Ityhubhu edibeneyo kufuneka iphumelele uvavanyo oluya kujika-jika kunye novavanyo lwe-electromagnetic kunye ne-ultrasonic kunye novavanyo lwe-hydrostatic okanye lwe-pneumatic. Ityhubhu engenamthungo ifuna uvavanyo lwe-ultrasonic kunye novavanyo lwe-electromagnetic, hydrostatic, okanye lwe-pneumatic. Ukuba umthengisi akanakubonisa ezo ziphumo, ityhubhu ayiqinisekiswanga kwi-B338. Icala lokwenziwa komsebenzi wetyhubhu ligutyungelwe kwisikhokelo sethu se -titanium welding sebanga lesi-2 vs ibanga lesi-5.
Ubungakanani beetyhubhu, imigangatho kunye neziseko zoyilo
Ukwazi ukuba nguwuphi umgangatho osebenzayo, kunye nomahluko phakathi kwetyhubhu nombhobho, kuthintela ukutshintshwa okubiza kakhulu.
Ityhubhu ye-Titanium heat exchanger ichazwe kwi-ASTM B338, ekwapapashwa njenge- ASME SB338 . Ipayipi ye-Titanium yenkonzo ngokubanzi ichazwe kwi-ASTM B861 kwi-seamless kunye ne-B862 kwiimveliso ezihlanganisiweyo. Ityhubhu kunye nepayipi zilinganiswe kwaye zinyamezelana ngokwahlukileyo, ngoko azitshintshisani nokuba ububanzi bangaphandle buyafana.
Ubungakanani beetyhubhu zomsebenzi zee-shell-and-tube exchangers kunye nee-surface condenser yi-19.05 mm (3/4 intshi) kunye ne-25.4 mm (1 intshi) ububanzi bangaphandle kunye neendonga eziyi-0.7 ukuya kwi-0.9 mm. Ububanzi beetyhubhu luyinguqu yoyilo, alunaxabiso elimiselweyo, kuba lutshintsha isantya sokuhamba ngokuchasene nokuhla koxinzelelo. Ityhubhu encinci inyusa isantya kunye nesantya sokudlulisa ubushushu kodwa inyusa ukuhla koxinzelelo, ngelixa ityhubhu enkulu isenza okwahlukileyo.
Iikhowudi zoyilo ezisemgangathweni ezifana ne-TEMA kunye ne-HEI zisebenza kwi-titanium exchangers ngaphandle kokutshintshwa. Iifom ze-U-tube, i-serpentine, kunye ne-helically coiled zonke ziyafumaneka, yiyo loo nto ukhetho lweetyhubhu kufuneka lwenziwe ecaleni kwe-bundle geometry kunokuba lulandelwe emva kwayo. Itshati yethu ye-titanium grade yireferensi eluncedo xa kuthelekiswa iifom kunye neefom ezikhoyo.
Uyilo lweTubesheet kunye neGalvanic: Apho iiBundles ezilungileyo zingaphumeleli khona
Eyona nto ixhaphakileyo xa kuqhawuka ityhubhu ye-titanium heat exchanger ayikuko ukubola kwetyhubhu. Kukubola kwe-galvanic kwetyhubhu engaphantsi komgangatho apho ityhubhu idityaniswe khona.
I-Titanium inamandla kakhulu emanzini olwandle. Xa iityhubhu ze-titanium zisongwa okanye zidityaniswa kwityhubhu yentsimbi engagqwaliyo okanye ye-copper-alloy, i-titanium iba yi-cathode kwaye ikhawulezise ukugqwala kwetyhubhu kunye nejoyinti. Ngokwenyani, la majoyinti anokungaphumeleli kwiminyaka emibini ukuya kwemithathu nangona iityhubhu ngokwazo zingachukunyiswanga.
Isisombululo kukwenza i-tubesheet ihambelane ne-tube:
- Sebenzisa ityhubhu yetitanium okanye i-titanium-clad ukuze ijoyinti ibe yintsimbi efanayo.
- Phatha icala leqokobhe kunye necala letyhubhu njengeenkqubo ze-galvanic ezahlukeneyo.
- Yongeza ii-anode zomhlatshelo apho uyilo lwentsimbi exutyiweyo lungenakuphepheka.
- Sebenzisa ukhuselo lwe-cathodic olulawulwayo, kwaye ujonge ngokusondeleyo amandla anokubakho.
Ukhuseleko lweCathodic kufuneka lulawulwe ngononophelo. Gcina amandla e-titanium ngaphakathi kwe--0.50 ukuya kwi--0.65 V xa kuthelekiswa ne-Ag/AgCl. Ukuyiqhuba ingabi namandla ngaphezu kwe--0.70 ukuya kwi--0.75 V kunokunyanzela i-hydrogen kwisinyithi, nto leyo eyenza i-titanium hydride ebuthathaka kwaye yonakalise ityhubhu.
Ezinye izinto ezimbini zoyilo zifuna ingqalelo. Iindonga ezincinci zifuna indawo efanelekileyo yokuxhasa ukuthintela ukungcangcazela okubangelwa kukuhamba kwamanzi, kwaye iindawo zokungenisa umoya ezidityanisiweyo zifuna ukukhuselwa ekuthintelweni ngumphunga kunye nokukhukuliseka. I-Biofouling ayidli i-titanium, engenakuchaphazeleka kukugqwala okubangelwa ziintsholongwane. Nangona kunjalo, i-Biofilm isanciphisa ukuhamba kwamanzi kunye nokudluliselwa kobushushu, ngoko ke icebo lokucoca okanye lokucoca kufuneka lichazwe kwangaphambili.
Umgangatho wawuchanekile, kodwa i-bundle yasilela. Eso sisifundo esivela kwisixhobo sokutshintsha amanzi olwandle esifakwe iityhubhu zetitanium esasigcina ityhubhu yaso yokuqala engenasici. Ityhubhu egqunywe ngetitanium yiyo eyayekisa ukusilela kwamalungu ekugqibeleni.
I-Titanium vs 316L Intsimbi Engagqwaliyo yeetyhubhu zokutshintsha ubushushu
Uninzi lukhangela isiphelo setyhubhu ye-titanium heat exchanger enempendulo ye-316L, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha yileyo impendulo echanekileyo. Umbuzo awungowokuba yeyiphi isinyithi engcono, kodwa yeyiphi ephumelela ubomi be-bundle.
Xa isebenza ngamandla, i-titanium iyaphumelela. I-Grade 2 tube isebenza iminyaka engama-20 ukuya kwengama-30 nangaphezulu emanzini olwandle, ngelixa i-316L ifaka ii-chloride ezifudumeleyo nezihamba kancinci ngaphezulu kwama-25°C kwaye idla ngokufuna ukuphinda ifakelwe i-tube rhoqo emva kweminyaka emibini ukuya kwemihlanu. I-Titanium ikwanyamezela isantya esiphezulu sokuhamba kwamanzi, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-30 ukuya kwi-36 m/s xa ithelekiswa ne-6 ukuya kwi-9 m/s kwi-316L, kwaye ilula malunga ne-45%.
Kwinkonzo ethambileyo, i-316L iyaphumelela kuqoqosho. Ixabiso layo lokuqala liphantsi kakhulu, kwaye ukuhanjiswa kwayo kobushushu kufana kakhulu ne-titanium malunga ne-16 W/m·K, ngoko ke inzuzo ye-titanium kune-stainless kukuphila ixesha elide, kungekhona ukudluliselwa kobushushu okungcono. Kwi-duty ecocekileyo, ebandayo, nephantsi kwe-chloride, iphakheji ye-316L eqinisekisiweyo idla ngokuba yeyona ithengiweyo ngobuchule.
Into ebangela isigqibo yindleko iyonke yobunini. Cinga ngoPriya, injineli yenkqubo kwisityalo se-terephthalic acid esicociweyo esisebenza kuma-220°C kunye ne-acetic acid kunye ne-bromide kumjelo wenkqubo. Iityhubhu zakhe ze-316L zazifuna ukutshintshwa rhoqo emva kweminyaka emine. Ukutshintshela kwi-Grade 2 titanium ephakanyisiweyo yokudluliselwa kobushushu malunga ne-12% kwaye kunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla nge-15%. Kwiminyaka engaphezu kwama-20, iindleko zizonke zobunini beziphantsi malunga nama-22% kunezo zingenasici, nangona ixabiso lokuthenga liphezulu.
Le ndlela iphindaphinda kumashishini onke. Kwinkonzo ye-chlor-alkali, iphakheji ye-316L yavuza emva kweminyaka emithathu. Eso siganeko sinye sabiza malunga nama -220,000 ekuvalekeni, ekutshintshweni, nasekulahlekelweni kwemveliso, ngelixa iphakheji ye-titanium yeBanga lesi -2 yahlala iminyaka eli-12 ngaphandle kokuphuma kwamanzi . Kwiqonga elingaselunxwemeni, ii-316L zokutshintsha amanzi olwandle zahlala iminyaka esibhozo kunye nokugqwala kufutshane nee-welds. I- Titanium yabiza malunga nokuphindwe kane ngaphambili , kodwa yayiqikelela ubomi beminyaka engama - 25 kwaye yasindisa uqikelelo lwe - 220,000 kwi - shutdown , replacement , kunye nemveliso , ngelixa i - Grade 2 tit itanium bundler kunye ne - 12 iminyaka ngaphandle kokuvuza . Kwiqonga elingaselunxwemeni , ii - 316 L zokutshintsha amanzi olwandle zahlala iminyaka esibhozo kunye nokugqwala kufutshane nee - welds . Ixabiso leTitanium liphindwe kane ngaphambili , kodwa liza kuqinisekisa ubomi beminyaka engama - 25 kwaye lisindise i - 180,000 ngonyaka ngexesha lokungasebenzi elithintelweyo.
Yiyo loo nto imbuyekezo ye-titanium idla ngokufika kwiminyaka eyi-1.5 ukuya kweyi-2.5 ikwimeko yobunzima obukhulu, kwaye kutheni uthelekiso oluluncedo luxabiso ngenxalenye nganye ngaphezulu kwefestile yokusebenza, kungekhona ixabiso ngekhilogram kwiodolo yokuthenga. Apho i-titanium ingathethelelekiyo kodwa i-316L ivakala ingaphantsi, i-duplex 2205 kunye ne-254 SMO zezona ndlela ziphakathi zokuvala umsantsa.
| Ingxaki | Grade 2 Titanium Tube | Ityhubhu Engagqwaliyo ye-316L |
|---|---|---|
| Amanzi olwandle/i-chloride | Isebenza ngokufanelekileyo ekukhuselekeni komzimba | Imingxuma kwiikloridi ezifudumeleyo ezihamba kancinci |
| Ubomi obuqhelekileyo beetyhubhu (amanzi olwandle) | 20-30+ iminyaka | iminyaka 2-5 |
| Umda wesantya sokukhukuliseka komhlaba | ~30-36 m/s | ~6-9 m/s |
| Ukuqhuba i-thermal | ~17 W/m·K | ~16 W/m·K |
| Ixabiso lokuqala | 2-4 × 316L | Isiseko |
| I-TCO yeminyaka engama-20 (enobundlongondlongo) | Ngaphantsi | Phezulu, ukusuka ekubuyiseleni ityhubhu kunye nexesha lokungasebenzi |
Ukuze ufumane utshintshiselwano olubanzi kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo, kuquka ne-engile yeendleko, jonga isikhokelo sethu se-316 stainless steel kunye nothelekiso lwe -titanium vs stainless steel corrosion . Ukuba i-316L yimpendulo echanekileyo kumsebenzi wakho, sinikezela ngeemveliso ze-316L stainless steel ngetyhubhu, ipayipi, ishiti, kunye nohlobo lwekhoyili.
Ukukhetha iTitanium Heat Exchanger Tubing: Uluhlu lokujonga ukhetho
Lungisa le mibuzo mine ngaphambi kokuba ubhale iinkcukacha. Yonke inciphisa umgangatho okanye umxholo.
- Ingaba amanzi olwandle asetyenziswayo okanye ane-chloride eninzi, kwaye angakanani amaqondo obushushu? Amanqanaba amanzi olwandle afudumeleyo ukuya kwiBanga lesi-2. Amaqondo obushushu angaphezulu kwama-80°C abonisa iBanga lesi-7 okanye iBanga le-12.
- Ingaba kukho iindawo zokuma okanye zokuqhekeka kwi-tubesheet? Ukuba kunjalo, phucula umgangatho okanye uyila kwakhona ijoyinti ngetyhubhu yetitanium okanye i-titanium-clad.
- Ingaba uxinzelelo okanye ukudinwa kuphezulu, okanye ngaba ukudluliselwa kobushushu ngumda? Ukudluliselwa kobushushu kuthanda iBanga lesi-2. Uxinzelelo oluphezulu okanye ukudinwa kunokuxhasa iBanga lesi-5, kunye nokwahlulwa kwe-galvanic.
- Ingakanani ixesha elifunekayo kunye nohlahlo-lwabiwo mali? Ubomi boyilo lwamanzi olwandle lweminyaka engama-20 budla ngokuthethelela i-titanium. Umsebenzi ococekileyo nowobomi obufutshane ungaphunyezwa nge-316L eqinisekisiweyo okanye i-duplex grade.
Isilumkiso esinye sisebenza kuzo zone. Musa ukucacisa kakhulu. Ukuhlawulela iBanga lesi-5 kwiphakheji enomda wokugqwala kuchitha imali ngamandla angasetyenziswayo uyilo, kwaye ukuthenga nayiphi na i-titanium xa i-stainless grade eqinisekisiweyo iphatha ngokwenene umrhumo ichitha imali kwisinyithi esingafunwayo yindalo. Uthelekiso lwethu lweendleko lubonisa ukuba eso sohlwayo sikhawuleza kangakanani na kwi-odolo enkulu, kwaye isalathiso setshati yebanga siqinisekisa apho ibakala ngalinye lifaneleka khona.
Imibuzo ebuzwa qho
Ngowuphi umgangatho we-titanium osetyenziselwa iityhubhu zokutshintsha ubushushu?
Ibanga lesi-2 (UNS R50400) lelona nqanaba lisetyenziswa kakhulu. Lidibanisa ukumelana nokugqwala kwamanzi olwandle kunye ne-chloride, ubushushu obuphezulu obusebenzayo be-titanium grades malunga ne-17 W/m·K, ukuwelda okuhle kunye nobuchule, kunye nexabiso eliphantsi kunezinga le-alloy. Ibanga loku-1 lisetyenziswa apho kufuneka ubuchule obukhulu, iBanga lesi-7 okanye iBanga le-12 kwi-chloride ezishushu ezingaphezulu kwama-80°C, kunye neBanga lesi-5 kuphela xa amandla okanye ukudinwa kuqhuba uyilo.
Kutheni iBanga lesi-2 lisetyenziselwa abatshintshi bobushushu endaweni yeBanga lesi-5?
Kuba kwimibhobho, umqobo kukugqwala kunye nokudluliselwa kobushushu, hayi amandla. Ibanga lesi-2 liqhuba ubushushu ngcono ngokuphindwe kayi-2.4, lidibanisa kwaye ligobe ngokulula kwiibhanti, kwaye limelana namanzi olwandle ubuncinane kunye nebanga lesi-5, ngexabiso eliphantsi lama-30 ukuya kuma-50%. Ibanga lesi-5 ligcinelwe umsebenzi woxinzelelo oluphezulu okanye wokudinwa.
Ngaba i-titanium yeBanga lesi-2 okanye lesi-5 ingcono kwiityhubhu zokutshintsha ubushushu?
Kwimisebenzi emininzi, iBanga lesi-2 lingcono kuba uyilo luthintelwe kukugqwala kunye nokudluliselwa kobushushu. IBanga lesi-5 lingcono kuphela xa uxinzelelo oluphezulu, ukudinwa okuphezulu, okanye iindonga ezincinci ezibalulekileyo ziqinisekisa amandla ayo aphezulu kunye nokuhanjiswa kwayo kobushushu okuphantsi.
Yintoni i-ASTM B338 titanium tube?
I-ASTM B338, ekwapapashwa njenge-ASME SB338, yinkcazo eqhelekileyo yeetyhubhu ze-titanium kunye ne-titanium alloy ezingenamthungo nezihlanganisiweyo zee-condenser kunye nee-heat exchangers. Igubungela amanqanaba e-titanium angama-28, apho amanqanaba oku-1, 2, 7, kunye ne-12 aqhelekileyo kwinkonzo yeetyhubhu, kunye nobukhulu, ukunyamezela, uvavanyo, kunye nokumakishwa.
Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwetyhubhu ye-titanium engenamthungo kunye ne-welded?
Ityhubhu engenamthungo itsalwa kwibhilethi engenanto enomphetho oqhubekayo, ngelixa ityhubhu edibeneyo yenziwe ngestrip edibeneyo ize isetyenziswe ngokubandayo. Zombini zigqunywe yi-ASTM B338. Ityhubhu edibeneyo ixabisa ngaphantsi nge-10 ukuya kwi-20% kwaye yeyona iqhelekileyo kwiibhakethi ezininzi; ityhubhu engenamthungo ifanela uxinzelelo oluphezulu okanye umsebenzi onzima ngakumbi.
Ihlala ixesha elingakanani ityhubhu ye-titanium kwisixhobo sokutshintsha ubushushu?
Iityhubhu ze-titanium zeBakala lesi-2 zihlala iminyaka engama-20 ukuya kwengama-30 nangaphezulu kumanzi olwandle kunye ne-chloride, kwaye ezinye ii-condenser zibika amashumi eminyaka ngaphandle kwesiganeko sokugqwala. Ukuthelekisa, ityhubhu engagqwaliyo ye-316L emanzini olwandle idla ngokungasebenzi kwiminyaka emibini ukuya kwemihlanu kwaye ifuna ukulungiswa kwakhona.
Ngaba i-titanium ingcono kune-316L kwizixhobo zokutshintshiselana ubushushu?
Kwinkonzo enamandla efana namanzi olwandle, iityuwa zamanzi amdaka, kunye nee-oxidizing acids, i-titanium ingcono kuba ihlala ixesha elide kwaye ayivumeli ukuphinda ifakelwe. Kwi-chloride ecocekileyo, ebandayo, nephantsi, i-316L lolona khetho lungcono. Into ethatha isigqibo yindleko iyonke yobunini bayo kubomi bayo bokusebenza.
Lithini iqondo lobushushu eliphezulu le-titanium heat exchanger tube?
Ibanga lesi-2 lidla ngokusetyenziswa ukuya kuthi ga kwi-300°C rhoqo, kwaye uyilo luhlala lugcinwa ngaphantsi kwe-430°C ukuze kuthintelwe ukubola kunye nokuqhekeka. Ukubola kwe-crevice kwi-chloride ezishushu, kungekhona ubushushu obukhulu, kudla ngokuba ngumda wokwenyani, yiyo loo nto iBanga lesi-7 okanye iBanga le-12 lichazwe ngasentla malunga ne-80°C kwi-crevices ezixineneyo.
isiphelo
Ityhubhu ye-titanium heat exchanger sisigqibo esithathwa kwinqanaba le-component, kwaye iqala ngomgangatho. Ibanga lesi-2 lelona lisetyenziswa rhoqo kwi-condenser, i-evaporator, kunye nenkonzo ye-shell-and-tube kuba idibanisa i-corrosion immunity, eyona ndlela ingcono yokuqhuba ubushushu, ukwenziwa okulula, kunye nexabiso eliphantsi. Ibanga lesi-5 ligcinelwe amandla kunye nomsebenzi wokudinwa, iBanga lesi-7 kunye neBanga le-12 ligubungela ii-hot chloride, kwaye ityhubhu engenamthungo okanye edibeneyo ikhethwa ngokwexabiso kunye nomsebenzi woxinzelelo.
Iinkcukacha zibalulekile njengomgangatho. Cacisa kwi-ASTM B338, qinisekisa ubungakanani beetyhubhu ezisemgangathweni kunye neziphumo zovavanyo, kwaye uyile i-tubesheet ukuze ijoyinti ihambelane netyhubhu. Emva koko thelekisa iindleko zizonke zobunini ngokuchasene ne-316L endaweni yexabiso lokuthenga, kuba kulapho i-titanium ifumana khona iprimiyamu yayo kwinkonzo enamandla.
Ukuba ufuna uncedo lokudibanisa izinto nomsebenzi wotshintshiselwano, iqela lethu lobuchwephesha lisebenzisana neenjineli kunye namaqela okuthenga ukuze kuhlolwe iimeko zokusebenza, kucetyiswe umgangatho ofanelekileyo, kwaye kuxhaswe iinkcukacha kunye nesatifikethi. Sinikezela ngeepayipi zentsimbi engagqwaliyo, amashiti, kunye neekhoyili ezisebenza imisebenzi apho i-stainless steel iyimpendulo echanekileyo, kwaye siya kukuxelela ngokunyanisekileyo ukuba xa i-titanium iyindlela engcono. Nxibelelana noLIANYUNGANG DAPU METAL ukuze uxoxe ngeprojekthi yakho.
