Umbhobho wentsimbi yinxalenye engqukuva enesilinda eyenziwe ngentsimbi kwaye isetyenziselwa ukuthutha ulwelo, iigesi, kunye nezinto eziqinileyo phantse kuwo onke amacandelo emizi-mveliso. Imarike yemibhobho yentsimbi yehlabathi idlula i-$178 yeebhiliyoni ngonyaka , kodwa abathengi basaphulukana nezivumelwano kuba ba-odole uhlobo, inqanaba, okanye ishedyuli engalunganga yesicelo sabo.
Ngowama-2024, umphathi weprojekthi eLagos wayalela iikhilomitha ezilishumi zombhobho womgca we-API 5L Grade B kwinethiwekhi yokusasazwa kwamafutha enoxinzelelo oluphakathi. I-odolo yakhe yokuthenga yachaza umgangatho kunye nobukhulu obuqhelekileyo. Ayizange ichaze indlela yokuvelisa. Umthengisi wazisa umbhobho we-ERW. Inkcazo yobunjineli yayifuna ukungabi naziphene. Xa ukungangqinelani kwavela ngexesha lokuhlolwa komntu wesithathu, ikontrakta kwafuneka yale yonke impahla ethunyelweyo. Ukulibaziseka kwadla iiveki ezintathu kwaye kwanyanzela ukuba kuhlawulwe kwakhona.
Loo mpazamo yayingenakuphepheka. Esi sikhokelo siza kukubonisa indlela yokufunda iinkcukacha zombhobho wentsimbi, ukukhetha uhlobo olufanelekileyo kunye nomgangatho wesicelo sakho, ukuqonda iishedyuli zombhobho kunye novavanyo loxinzelelo, kunye nokuqinisekisa izinto ezihanjisiweyo ngokweemfuno zakho.
IItrakthi ezibalulekileyo
- Umbhobho wentsimbi wenziwa njengomthungo okanye odibeneyo, kwaye le ndlela imisela umlinganiselo woxinzelelo, iindleko, kunye nokusetyenziswa okufanelekileyo.
- Ubungakanani beMibhobho Engamiselwanga (i-NPS) abulingani nobubanzi bokwenyani. I-NPS eyi-intshi ezimbini inobubanzi bangaphandle obuyi-60.3 mm, hayi i-50.8 mm.
- Ishedyuli yepayipi ichaza ubukhulu bodonga. I-SCH 40 isemgangathweni wenkonzo ngokubanzi. I-SCH 80 iphatha uxinzelelo oluphezulu.
- Iindidi zemibhobho yentsimbi yekhabhoni ziquka i-API 5L, i-ASTM A53, kunye ne-ASTM A106. Iindidi zemibhobho yentsimbi engatyiwayo ziquka i-304, i-316, kunye ne-duplex 2205.
- Soloko uchaza indlela yokuvelisa, umgangatho, ibakala, ishedyuli, kunye nohlobo lokuphela kweodolo yakho yokuthenga.
Khangela iimveliso zethu zemibhobho yentsimbi engagqwaliyo okanye uqhagamshelane neqela lethu lobuchwephesha ukuze ufumane isikhokelo esithile kwiprojekthi.
Yintoni iPipe yeNtsimbi?
Umbhobho wentsimbi yimveliso yetyhubhu enecandelo elingenanto elisetyenziselwa ukuhambisa ulwelo, iigesi, kunye nezinto eziqinileyo zegranular. Ikwasetyenziswa njengento yokwakha kwizakhiwo, kwiibhulorho, nakwiiplatifomu zaselwandle. Umbhobho wahlulwe kwityhubhu ngokuyintloko ngendlela elinganiswe ngayo kwaye ichazwe ngayo.
Ubungakanani bePayipi eNominal (NPS) kunye nobubanzi beNominal (DN)
Ubungakanani beMibhobho Eqhelekileyo ngumgangatho waseMntla Melika wokuchonga ubungakanani bemibhobho. Bubonakaliswa ngee-intshi. Ububanzi beMibhobho Eqhelekileyo bulingana neYurophu nehlabathi liphela, buchazwa ngeemilimitha.
Inyani ebalulekileyo: I-NPS ayilingani nobubanzi bangaphandle okanye bangaphakathi bombhobho. Umzekelo, i-NPS 2 intshi inobubanzi bangaphandle obuyi-60.3 mm, hayi i-50.8 mm. Kwi-NPS 14 intshi nangaphezulu, inombolo ye-NPS ilingana nobubanzi bangaphandle ngee-intshi. Ngaphantsi kwe-NPS 14, kufuneka ubhekisele kwitheyibhile yomlinganiselo.
Ishedyuli yeMibhobho Ichaziwe
Ishedyuli yombhobho yindlela eqhelekileyo yokulinganisa ubukhulu bodonga. Kwi-NPS ethile, ububanzi bangaphandle buhlala buhleli ngelixa ubukhulu bodonga bunyuka ngenani leshedyuli. Ishedyuli ephezulu ithetha udonga olutyebileyo, oluxhasa umlinganiselo woxinzelelo oluphezulu.
Iishedyuli eziqhelekileyo ziquka i-SCH 10, 40, 80, 120, 160, kunye ne-XXS. I-SCH 40 yeyona shedyuli ichazwe rhoqo kwinkonzo yemizi-mveliso ngokubanzi. I-SCH 80 isetyenziselwa ukusetyenziswa koxinzelelo oluphezulu. I-SCH 160 kunye ne-XXS zigcinelwe ukusetyenziswa koxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye nenkonzo yebhoyila.
Iintlobo zeMbhobho yeNsimbi ngokweNdlela yoMveliso
Umbhobho wentsimbi wahlulwe kwiindidi ezimbini ezibanzi: ongenamthungo nowenziwe ngentsimbi. Ngaphakathi kombhobho owenziwe ngentsimbi, iindlela ezine zokwenza izinto zilawula imarike.
Umbhobho Wentsimbi engenamthungo
Umbhobho ongenamthungo awunamthungo welding omde. Wenziwa ngokugqobhoza i-billet eqinileyo ukwenza igobolondo elingenanto, uze uyiqengqele kwaye uyilinganisele ngobukhulu bayo. Iinkqubo ezintathu eziphambili kukugqobhoza okugoqwe ngobushushu, ukukhupha, kunye nokutsalwa okubandayo.
Ngenxa yokuba umbhobho ongenamthungo awunamthungo we-weld, unika iipropati ezifanayo zoomatshini kulo lonke ujikelezo. Oku kwenza ukuba ibe lolona khetho lukhethwayo kwiinkonzo ezisebenzisa uxinzelelo oluphezulu, ubushushu obuphezulu, kunye neenkonzo ezibalulekileyo.
Imigangatho eqhelekileyo yepayipi engenamthungo ibandakanya i-ASTM A106 yenkonzo yobushushu obuphezulu kunye ne -API 5L PSL2 yokuhambisa ioyile negesi. Ukuze ufumane uthelekiso oluneenkcukacha lwepayipi yentsimbi engenamthungo kunye neendlela zokwenza ipayipi yentsimbi edibeneyo, jonga isikhokelo sethu malunga nepayipi engenamthungo kunye nepayipi edibeneyo.
Umbhobho wentsimbi ye-ERW
Ukumelana nombane Umbhobho odibeneyo wenziwa ngokuvula umcu wentsimbi othe tyaba, uwenze ube sisilinda, uze udibanise imiphetho usebenzisa umbane kunye noxinzelelo. I-ERW yeyona ndlela ingabizi kakhulu kumbhobho onobubanzi obuncinci ukuya kobuphakathi.
Umbhobho wentsimbi odityanisiweyo we-ERW uphambili kwimarike yeedayamitha ukusuka kwi-3 mm ukuya kwi-620 mm. Ufanelekile kwiindlela zoxinzelelo oluphantsi ukuya koluphakathi ezifana nemibhobho yamanzi, inkxaso yesakhiwo, kunye nemibhobho yenkqubo ngokubanzi. Imigangatho eqhelekileyo ibandakanya i -ASTM A53 Grade A kunye ne-B, kunye ne-API 5L Grade B.
Ipayipi yentsimbi ye-LSAW
Umbhobho odibeneyo we-Longitudinal Submerged Arc wenziwe ngepleyiti yentsimbi egobileyo kwaye idityaniswe ecaleni komthungo we-longitudinal kusetyenziswa i-submerged arc welding. Kukho iinkqubo ezimbini eziphambili zokwakha: i-UOE kunye ne-JCOE.
I-UOE imele i-U-forming, i-O-forming, kunye ne-Expanding. I-JCOE imele i-J-forming, i-C-forming, i-O-forming, kunye ne-Expanding. Umbhobho we-LSAW usetyenziselwa ukusetyenziswa kodonga olukhulu nolunzima, oluqhele ukuba yi-400 mm ukuya ngaphezulu kwe-1,600 mm. Imigangatho ibandakanya i-API 5L kunye ne-EN 10217.
SSAW Pipe yentsimbi
Umbhobho odibeneyo we-Spiral Submerged Arc welded wenziwe ngentsimbi eyongezwa kwi-engile ukuze kwenziwe ityhubhu ejikelezayo. I-weld eqhubekayo ye-helical weld isetyenziswa nge-indened arc welding. I-SSAW inokuvelisa ububanzi obukhulu kakhulu, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-3,660 mm.
I-SSAW isetyenziswa rhoqo kwimigca yokuhambisa amanzi, iinkqubo zokuqokelela ioyile negesi, kunye nokusetyenziswa kweendawo zokufumba. Imigangatho ibandakanya i-API 5L kunye nomgangatho waseTshayina i-SY/T5037.
Umbhobho weNtsimbi we-DSAW
Umbhobho oWelded we-Arc efakwe emanzini kabini usebenzisa i-arc welding efakwe emanzini ngaphakathi nangaphandle komthungo. Oku kuvelisa umbhobho odonga olunzima onobume obuphezulu. I-DSAW ichazwa xa kufuneka iindonga ezinkulu kunye nobubanzi obukhulu.
Xa umphathi weprojekthi yaseLagos wabhala iodolo yakhe yokuthenga, wachaza i-API 5L Grade B kunye ne-NPS 6 intshi. Wayecinga ukuba umthengisi uya kwazi ukuba ufuna umbhobho ongenamthungo womgca wepetroli. Umthengisi wacaphula i-ERW kuba yayingabizi kwaye ikhawuleza ukuyivelisa. Omabini amaqela ayechanekile ngobuchwephesha malunga nomgangatho. Omabini ayephosisa malunga nokulingana kwesicelo. Umbhobho ongenamthungo ubuya kujongana nokunyuka koxinzelelo ngexesha lokuqalisa kwepompo. Umbhobho we-ERW wawunomda wokhuseleko ophantsi owalahlwa ngumcebisi wobunjineli.
Ubungakanani kunye nobukhulu bePipe yeNsimbi
Ukuqonda ubungakanani bepayipi kubalulekile ekuthengweni, ekwenziweni nasekufakweni kwayo. Ubukhulu obuthathu obuphambili bububanzi obungaphandle, ubukhulu bodonga, kunye nobunzima ngobude beyunithi nganye.
Ubungakanani bemibhobho eqhelekileyo
| NPS | DN | I-OD (mm) | Udonga lwe-SCH 40 (mm) | Udonga lwe-SCH 80 (mm) | Ubunzima be-SCH 40 (kg/m) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 / 2 " | 15 | 21.3 | 2.77 | 3.73 | 1.27 |
| 3 / 4 " | 20 | 26.7 | 2.87 | 3.91 | 1.69 |
| 1 " | 25 | 33.4 | 3.38 | 4.55 | 2.50 |
| 2 " | 50 | 60.3 | 3.91 | 5.54 | 5.44 |
| 3 " | 80 | 88.9 | 5.49 | 7.62 | 11.29 |
| 4 " | 100 | 114.3 | 6.02 | 8.56 | 16.07 |
| 6 " | 150 | 168.3 | 7.11 | 10.97 | 28.26 |
| 8 " | 200 | 219.1 | 8.18 | 12.70 | 42.55 |
| 10 " | 250 | 273.1 | 9.27 | 15.09 | 60.31 |
| 12 " | 300 | 323.9 | 10.31 | 17.48 | 79.73 |
Indlela yokufunda iinkcukacha zombhobho
Inkcazelo epheleleyo yombhobho ifundeka ngolu hlobo: “Ii-intshi ezi-6 ze-NPS, i-SCH 40, i-ASTM A53 Grade B, i-ERW, iziphelo ezicacileyo, ezijikelezileyo zokuwelda.” Lo mgca mnye uxelela umthengisi ubungakanani, ubukhulu bodonga, umgangatho wezinto zokwakha, indlela yokuvelisa, kunye nokulungiselela kokugqibela.
Ukuze ufumane iitheyibhile zobunzima ezineenkcukacha ezigubungela iishedyuli ezongezelelweyo, jonga itshathi yethu yobunzima bepayipi yentsimbi.
Amanqanaba kunye neMigangatho yePipe yeNsimbi
Imigangatho yemibhobho yentsimbi ilawula ukwakheka kweekhemikhali, iimpawu zoomatshini, ukunyamezelana kobukhulu, kunye neemfuno zovavanyo. Ukusebenzisa umgangatho ongalunganga kunokubangela ukuba izinto zingaphumeleli ukuhlolwa okanye zingasebenzi kakuhle kwinkonzo.
Amanqanaba ePipe yeCarbon Steel
Umbhobho wentsimbi yekhabhoni lolona hlobo lusetyenziswa kakhulu kwizicelo zoshishino. I-API 5L yeyona mgangatho uphambili wombhobho womgca osetyenziswa ekudlulisweni kweoyile negesi. Amanqanaba aqala ku-A no-B kwinkonzo ngokubanzi ukuya ku-X42, X52, X56, X60, X65, X70, kunye no-X80 kwimibhobho yokudlulisa enamandla aphezulu. Inombolo ye-X ibonisa amandla amancinci okuvelisa kumawaka e-psi. I-API 5L ikwachaza amanqanaba amabini enkcazo yemveliso: i-PSL1 kunye ne-PSL2. I-PSL2 ibandakanya uvavanyo lwempembelelo yeCharpy oluyimfuneko, imida ephezulu yokulingana kwekhabhoni, kunye neemfuno zovavanyo ezingqongqo.
I-ASTM A53 igubungela umbhobho we-galvanized omnyama noshushu odityaniswe ngaphandle komthungo nowelukiweyo. Udidi A lunamandla okutsalwa aphantsi kuneDigri B. I-ASTM A53 isetyenziswa kakhulu kwimigca yomphunga, amanzi, kunye negesi enoxinzelelo oluphantsi.
I-ASTM A106 igubungela umbhobho wentsimbi yekhabhoni engenamthungo ukuze isetyenziselwe ubushushu obuphezulu. Amanqanaba A, B, kunye no-C ayanda amandla okutsalwa kunye nomxholo wekhabhoni. I-ASTM A106 Ibanga B lolona didi luchazwe rhoqo kwizicelo zebhoyila kunye nezityalo zamandla.
I-ASTM A252 igubungela iipayipu zentsimbi ezidityanisiweyo nezingenamthungo. Amanqanaba 1, 2, kunye no-3 ayanda amandla amancinci okuvelisa. Lo mgangatho usetyenziselwa ukufakela iziseko kunye neenkxaso zesakhiwo.
Amanqanaba ePipe yeStainless Steel
Umbhobho wentsimbi engagqwaliyo uchazwa xa kufuneka ukumelana nokugqwala. I-304 kunye ne-304L zezona zigaba zisetyenziswa kakhulu. Zinika ukumelana nokugqwala okuhle kwaye zifanelekile kwizityalo zeekhemikhali, ekulungisweni kokutya, nasekunyangweni kwamanzi. Igama elithi L libonisa umxholo ophantsi wekhabhoni ukuphucula ukuwelda.
I-316 kunye ne-316L zongeza i-2 ukuya kwi-3 yepesenti ye-molybdenum, ephucula kakhulu ukumelana nokugqwala kwemingxuma kunye nokuqhekeka kwiindawo ze-chloride. Ukuze ufumane ukusetyenziswa kolwandle, iikhemikhali kunye namayeza, jonga isikhokelo sethu se-316 sentsimbi engagqwaliyo.
I-Duplex 2205 idibanisa izakhiwo ezincinci ze-austenitic kunye ne-ferritic ukuze inike amandla okuvelisa aphindwe kabini kunemigangatho eqhelekileyo ye-austenitic kunye nokumelana okuphezulu kokuqhekeka koxinzelelo. Ichazwe kwiiplatifomu zaselwandle kunye nenkonzo yeekhemikhali ezihlaselayo.
Ukuze ufumane ulwazi oluthe kratya malunga neeklasi ze-stainless steel, jonga isikhokelo sethu esipheleleyo se-stainless steel.
Amanqanaba oLwakhiwo kunye nooMatshini
I-ASTM A500 igubungela iityhubhu zesakhiwo sentsimbi yekhabhoni ezidityanisiweyo nezingenamthungo ezenziwe ngentsimbi engqukuva, enesikwere, neyoxande. Amanqanaba A, B, C, kunye no-D ayanda amandla amancinci okuvelisa.
I-EN 10219 igubungela amacandelo angaphakathi adibeneyo abandayo enziwe ngentsimbi engenanto yokuxuba kunye neentsimbi ezincinci. Amanqanaba aqhelekileyo aquka i-S235, i-S275, kunye ne-S355, apho inani libonisa amandla amancinci okuvelisa kwii-megapascals.
Imigangatho ethelekiswayo: i-API, i-ASTM, i-EN, i-JIS, kunye ne-GB/T
Inkampani yobunjineli yaseJamani ya-odola umbhobho wentsimbi yekhabhoni kwisixhobo sokugayela saseTshayina ukuze isetyenziselwe isityalo sokucoca amanzi kuMzantsi-mpuma weAsia. I-odolo yokuthenga ichaze i-ASTM A53 Grade B, SCH 40, NPS 4 intshi. Isixhobo sokugayela saseTshayina senziwe kwi-GB/T 3091, engumgangatho waseTshayina wepayipi yentsimbi edibeneyo. I-GB/T 3091 ivumela ukunyamezelana okubanzi kancinci kubukhulu bodonga kwaye ayifuni uxinzelelo lovavanyo lwe-hydrostatic olufanayo ne-ASTM A53. Xa umbhobho ufika, ubukhulu bodonga kwiindawo ezininzi bulinganiswe ngaphantsi kobuncinci be-ASTM A53. Umbhobho wawungaphakathi kokunyamezelana kwe-GB/T 3091 kodwa ungaphandle kwenkcazo yeprojekthi. Ingxoxo yalibazisa iprojekthi ngeeveki ezimbini.
| umgangatho | Ummandla | umda | Amabanga aqhelekileyo |
|---|---|---|---|
| I-API 5L | yezizwe ngezizwe | Umbhobho weoyile kunye negesi | A, B, X42-X80 |
| ASTM A53 | i-USA | I-welded kwaye ingenamthungo ngokwenjongo ngokubanzi | IBanga A, iBanga B |
| ASTM A106 | i-USA | Ubushushu obuphezulu abushukumi | Ibanga A, B, C |
| ASTM A252 | i-USA | Iipayipu ezinde | Ibanga 1, 2, 3 |
| EN 10217 | iYurophu | I-welded ethwele uxinzelelo | P235, P265, P355 |
| EN 10255 | iYurophu | Iityhubhu zentsimbi ezingezizo ezokwenziwa | S195T, S235T |
| EN 10219 | iYurophu | Amacandelo angenanto angaphakathi kwisakhiwo | I-S235, i-S275, i-S355 |
| I-JIS G3454 | Japhan | Inkonzo yoxinzelelo lwentsimbi yekhabhoni | I-STPG 370, i-STPG 410 |
| I-JIS G3455 | Japhan | Inkonzo yoxinzelelo oluphezulu | I-STS 370, i-STS 410 |
| GB / T 8163 | iTshayina | Umbhobho wentsimbi ongenamthungo wolwelo | 10, 20, Q345 |
| GB / T 3091 | iTshayina | Umbhobho wentsimbi odibeneyo woxinzelelo oluphantsi | Q195, Q215, Q235 |
| SY/T5037 | iTshayina | I-arc engaphantsi komhlaba edibeneyo | Q235B, Q345B |
Ishedyuli yeMibhobho kunye noVavanyo loXinzelelo
Ishedyuli yombhobho ayisiyongqikelelo yoxinzelelo ngokwayo. Luphawu oluqhelekileyo lobukhulu bodonga. Nangona kunjalo, kwi-NPS ethile kunye nomgangatho wezinto eziphathekayo, ishedyuli ephezulu ithetha ngokuthe ngqo uxinzelelo oluphezulu oluvumelekileyo lokusebenza.
Isikhokelo sokukhetha ishedyuli
Iishedyuli zeepayipi zentsimbi ziqala koludonga oluncinci ukuya kolunzima kakhulu. I-SCH 10 kunye ne-SCH 10S ziishedyuli zodonga oluncinci ezisetyenziselwa ukusetyenziswa koxinzelelo oluphantsi apho ukonga ubunzima kubalulekile. I-SCH 10S luhlobo lwentsimbi engagqwaliyo.
I-SCH 40, ekwabizwa ngokuba bubunzima obuqhelekileyo, yishedyuli emiselweyo kwiipayipi ezininzi zemizi-mveliso. Ilinganisa iindleko, ubunzima, kunye nomthamo woxinzelelo. Umbhobho wentsimbi yekhabhoni we-NPS 6 intshi we-SCH 40 unobukhulu bodonga obuyi-7.11 mm.
I-SCH 80, ekwabizwa ngokuba yomelele kakhulu, isetyenziselwa inkonzo yoxinzelelo oluphezulu. Ipayipi efanayo ye-NPS 6 intshi kwi-SCH 80 inobukhulu bodonga obuyi-10.97 mm. Oko kukunyuka kwama-54 ekhulwini kubukhulu bodonga kunye nomlinganiselo woxinzelelo ophezulu kakhulu.
I-SCH 120, i-SCH 160, kunye ne-XXS ziishedyuli ezinzima zoxinzelelo oluphezulu, inkonzo yebhoyila, kunye nokusetyenziswa kobushushu obuphezulu.
Ukuze ufumane uthelekiso oluneenkcukacha lweeshedyuli kunye novavanyo loxinzelelo, bona isikhokelo sethu semibhobho yeshedyuli 40 vs schedule 80.
Izicelo zeMbhobho yeNsimbi ngokweShishini
Umbhobho wentsimbi unceda phantse kulo lonke icandelo lemizi-mveliso. Ukusetyenziswa kwawo kumisela umgangatho wezinto ezisetyenziswayo, indlela yokuvelisa, kunye nomgangatho ofunekayo.
Oli neGesi
Iipayipi zothumelo zisebenzisa ipayipi ye-API 5L X52 ukuya kwi-X70 engenamthungo okanye ye-LSAW. Imigca yokuqokelela kunye neendlela zokuhamba kwamanzi zisebenzisa ipayipi ye-API 5L Grade B ERW. Ipayipi yokubhola kunye nekhava zisebenzisa iinkcukacha ze-API 5DP kunye ne-API 5CT.
Amanzi noGutyulo
Iinkqubo zokusasaza amanzi zisebenzisa umbhobho wesinyithi sekhabhoni i-ASTM A53 okanye i-EN 10255, odla ngokuba yi-hot-dip galvanized ukukhusela ukugqwala. Ii-mains zokuhambisa amanzi ezinobubanzi obukhulu zisebenzisa umbhobho we-LSAW okanye we-SSAW.
Ulwakhiwo kunye neZiseko zoPhuhliso
Iindawo ezingenanto ezakhiweyo zisebenzisa amabakala e-ASTM A500 okanye e-EN 10219. Ukufakwa kwesiseko kusebenzisa iipayipu ze-ASTM A252. Ukufakwa kwe-scaffolding kusebenzisa iityhubhu ze-BS 1139 okanye ze-EN 39.
Ukuveliswa kwamandla
Iityhubhu zebhoyila kunye neentambo zomphunga zisebenzisa umbhobho ongenamthungo we-ASTM A106 Grade B okanye C. Izixhobo zokutshintsha ubushushu zisebenzisa i-ASTM A179 okanye i-A192 kwisinyithi sekhabhoni, okanye i-ASTM A213 kwi-alloy kunye nee-stainless grades.
OLwandle kunye neOffshore
Iipayipi zangaphantsi kolwandle zisebenzisa umbhobho ongenamthungo we-API 5L X65 okanye X70 PSL2 ohambelana nenkonzo emuncu. Izakhiwo zeplatfomu zisebenzisa umbhobho we-duplex 2205 okanye we-super duplex stainless steel ukuze zikwazi ukumelana nokugqwala kwamanzi olwandle.
Ukukhethwa kweMibhobho yeNsimbi: Isakhelo sokuThenga
Ukukhetha umbhobho wentsimbi ofanelekileyo kufuna ukufanisa iimeko zenkonzo neempawu zezinto, iindlela zokuvelisa, kunye neemfuno zobukhulu. Sebenzisa esi sikhokelo samanyathelo amathandathu kwisigqibo ngasinye sokuthenga.
Inyathelo 1: Chaza iiMeko zeNkonzo
Qala ngolwelo, ubushushu, uxinzelelo, kunye nokuvezwa kwendalo. Umgca wamanzi kubushushu obuphakathi kunye ne-150 psi ufuna umbhobho owahlukileyo kunomgca womphunga kwi-400 degrees Celsius kunye ne-1,000 psi.
Inyathelo lesi-2: Khetha indlela yokuvelisa
Khetha umbhobho ongenamthungo wenkonzo enoxinzelelo oluphezulu, ubushushu obuphezulu, okanye ebalulekileyo apho ukuthembeka kwe-weld kungenakubekeka emngciphekweni. Khetha umbhobho we-ERW wemisebenzi yoxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo, oluphantsi ukuya koluphakathi apho ixabiso liyinkxalabo ephambili. Khetha i-LSAW okanye i-SSAW yemibhobho yeziseko zophuhliso ezinobukhulu obukhulu.
Inyathelo lesi-3: Cacisa iBanga kunye noMgangatho
Tshatisa umgangatho nesicelo. I-API 5L Udidi B kwimigca yeoyile negesi ngokubanzi. I-ASTM A106 Udidi B kwinkonzo yebhoyila. I-ASTM A53 Udidi B kwimigca yamanzi neyomoya. Xela umgangatho ngokucacileyo kwi-odolo yokuthenga.
Inyathelo lesi-4: Khetha iShedyuli kunye noBungqingqwa bodonga
Bala ubukhulu bodonga obufunekayo ukusuka kuxinzelelo loyilo, okanye khetha ishedyuli eqhelekileyo ehlangabezana okanye edlulayo. Yongeza isibonelelo sokugqwala kwiinkqubo eziphatha ulwelo olugqwala okanye zombhobho ogqunyiweyo.
Inyathelo lesi-5: Cacisa Uhlobo Lokuphela kunye noBude
Iziphelo ezingenanto zisemgangathweni kwaye zifuna ukuwelda okanye ukujijelwa. Iziphelo ezijijelweyo zilungiselelwe ukuwelda izinqe. Iziphelo ezinemisonto zidityaniswa nezinto ezidityanisiweyo. Iziphelo ezinemiqolo zidityaniswa nezinto ezidityanisiweyo.
Ubude obuqhelekileyo bemibhobho buyi-single random (4.8 ukuya kwi-6.7 yeemitha), i-double random (6.7 ukuya kwi-13.4 yeemitha), okanye i-cut-to-length. Ubude obude bunciphisa inani le-field welds kodwa bunokunyusa iindleko zokuthumela.
Inyathelo lesi-6: Qinisekisa xa uzisa
Jonga ububanzi bangaphandle, ubukhulu bodonga, kunye neziphumo zovavanyo lwe-hydrostatic kwiSatifikethi soVavanyo lweMill. Linganisa ubukhulu bodonga nge-ultrasonic gauge kwiindawo ezininzi. Qinisekisa ukuba ibakala kunye nenani lobushushu ziyafana ne-MTC.
Xa umthengisi wase-Australia efumene ipayipi ye-NPS 8 intshi ASTM A53 Grade B yokuhambisa amanzi emigodini, wajonga ubukhulu bodonga kwiindawo ezintlanu ezingacwangciswanga nge-digital ultrasonic thickness gauge. Ipayipi enye yayinomlinganiselo we-7.8 mm xa ithelekiswa ne-SCH 40 specification ye-8.18 mm. Wajonga i-MTC waza wafumana ukuba inombolo yobushushu ayifani nophawu olukwipayipi. Umthengisi wayexube ii-heat ezimbini ngexesha lokuhlanganisa. Ukubamba impazamo ngaphambi kokufakwa kusindise ukuvalwa okubizayo kunye noku-odolwa kwakhona.
Cela isicatshulwa sepayipi yentsimbi enesatifikethi esipheleleyo, ubukhulu obucwangcisiweyo, kunye nokunyamezelana okufanelekileyo.
Iingubo, iiLinings, kunye noKhuseleko lokuGqobhoka
Umbhobho wentsimbi yekhabhoni engenanto uyabola kwiindawo ezininzi. Ukucacisa umba wokukhusela ofanelekileyo kumbhobho wakho wentsimbi kwandisa ubomi benkonzo kwaye kunciphisa iindleko zomjikelo wobomi. Ukuchaza umba wokukhusela ofanelekileyo kwandisa ubomi benkonzo kwaye kunciphisa iindleko zomjikelo wobomi.
Hot-Dip Galvanizing
I-zinc coating efakwa ngokufaka umbhobho kwi-zinc enyibilikisiweyo. Ibonelela ngokhuseleko lokugqwala okungafunekiyo kumhlaba ongcolileyo nongenamoya. Iqhelekile kwiintambo zamanzi, iipali zocingo, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezakhiwo.
I-Epoxy edibeneyo yeFusion
Ingubo yomgubo we-thermosetting esetyenziswa ngombane kwaye inyangwa ngobushushu. I-FBE inika ukunamathela okuhle kakhulu kunye nokumelana nokugqwala kwimibhobho egqunywe phantsi komhlaba nengaphantsi kwamanzi.
I-Polyethylene enamaleko amathathu
Inkqubo yokugquma enemigangatho emininzi equka i-FBE primer, i-copolymer adhesive, kunye ne-polyethylene topcoat. I-3LPE ngumgangatho wemibhobho yokuhambisa ioyile negesi efihliweyo.
Ukwenziwa koMdaka wesamente
Ulwelo lwangaphakathi lwesamente esetyenziselwa umbhobho wokuhambisa amanzi. Ithintela ukudumba kwamanzi kwaye igcina amandla okuhamba kwamanzi kangangeminyaka emininzi yokusebenza.
Iimpazamo zokuthengwa kweMibhobho yeNtsimbi eqhelekileyo
Kwanabathengi abanamava bayazenza ezi mpazamo. Ukuziphepha kuya konga ixesha, imali, kunye neengxabano zesivumelwano.
1. Ukudibanisa i-NPS ne-Actual Diameter
I-NPS 2 intshi ayithethi ukuba yi-50.8 mm ububanzi ngaphandle. Ithetha i-60.3 mm OD. Soloko uqinisekisa i-OD yokwenyani kunye nobukhulu bodonga ukusuka kwitheyibhile yomlinganiselo.
2. Uku-odola ngobungakanani obuqhelekileyo ngaphandle kokuchaza ishedyuli
Umbhobho we-NPS 6 intshi unokuba yi-SCH 10, SCH 40, SCH 80, okanye i-SCH 160. Ishedyuli imisela umlinganiselo woxinzelelo kunye nobunzima. Cacisa ishedyuli kuyo yonke iodolo.
3. Ukungayinaki indlela yokuvelisa
I-API 5L Grade B ingaveliswa njenge-seamless okanye i-ERW. Umlinganiselo woxinzelelo, umda wokhuseleko, kunye neendleko zahlukile kakhulu. Xela indlela yokuvelisa kwi-odolo yokuthenga.
4. Ukucinga ukuba bonke ababoneleli basebenzisa iMigangatho efanayo yoKunyamezela
Umatshini wokutshiza waseTshayina unokulandela ii-GB/T tolerances. Umatshini wokutshiza waseYurophu unokulandela ii-EN tolerances. Umatshini wokutshiza waseMelika ulandela ii-ASTM tolerances. Soloko ubiza itafile esemgangathweni kunye neyokunyamezelana.
5. Ukungahoywa kweenkcukacha zokugquma kwiMbhobho eNgcwatyiweyo okanye yaseLwandle
Intsimbi yekhabhoni engenanto emhlabeni okanye emanzini olwandle iya kubola kwiminyaka embalwa. Cacisa i-FBE, i-3LPE, i-galvanizing, okanye i-lining yesamente esekelwe kwindalo esingqongileyo.
6. Ukungaphumeleli Ukuqinisekisa Iziqinisekiso Zovavanyo Lwe-Hydrostatic
Yonke imibhobho kufuneka ivavanywe ngamanzi ngexesha lokwenziwa. Uxinzelelo lovavanyo kunye nesiphumo kufuneka zivele kwi-MTC. Qinisekisa oku ngaphambi kokuba wamkele ukuhanjiswa.
Ukuze ufumane okungakumbi ngokukhetha izinto, jonga uthelekiso lwethu lwentsimbi engagqwaliyo kunye nentsimbi yekhabhoni.
Imibuzo ebuzwa qho
Uthini umahluko phakathi kombhobho kunye netyhubhu?
Umbhobho ulinganiswa ngobukhulu bePhayiphu kunye neshedyuli. Umbhobho ulinganiswa ngobubanzi obuchanekileyo bangaphandle kunye nobukhulu bodonga. Umbhobho usetyenziselwa ukuthuthwa kolwelo kunye nenkonzo yoxinzelelo. Umbhobho usetyenziselwa usetyenziso lwesakhiwo kunye noomatshini.
Ithetha ukuthini i-NPS kubungakanani bepayipi?
I-NPS imele ubungakanani beNominal Pipe. Luphawu oluqhelekileyo lwaseMntla Melika. I-NPS ayilingani nobubanzi bangaphandle bokwenyani ngobukhulu obungaphantsi kwe-NPS 14. Umzekelo, i-NPS 2 intshi ine-OD ye-60.3 mm.
Ngowuphi umbhobho oqinileyo, ongenamthungo okanye odibeneyo?
Umbhobho ongenamthungo awunamthungo wokuwelda, ngoko ke unika amandla afanayo kulo lonke ujikelezo. Oku kuyenza ibe namandla kwaye ithembeke ngakumbi kwinkonzo yoxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye nobushushu obuphezulu. Umbhobho oweldayo wanele ukusetyenziswa kweenjongo ezininzi ngexabiso eliphantsi.
Ngowuphi umgangatho wombhobho wentsimbi osetyenziselwa ioyile negesi?
I-API 5L yinkqubo yomgangatho oqhelekileyo wombhobho weoyile negesi. Amanqanaba aquka u-B, u-X42, u-X52, u-X56, u-X60, u-X65, u-X70, kunye no-X80. Inombolo ye-X ibonisa amandla amancinci okuvelisa kwi-psi ezingamawaka.
Ndingabala njani ubunzima bombhobho?
Ubunzima bepayipi ngemitha nganye bunokubalwa kusetyenziswa le fomyula: Ubunzima (kg/m) = (OD – Ubukhulu bedonga) x Ubukhulu bedonga x 0.02466 kwintsimbi yekhabhoni. Kwintsimbi engatyiwayo, sebenzisa i-density factor ye-0.025. Ukuze ufumane amaxabiso achanekileyo, jonga itshathi yethu yobunzima bepayipi yentsimbi.
Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-ASTM A53 kunye ne-A106?
I-ASTM A53 igubungela umbhobho ongenamthungo noweluliweyo ukuze kusetyenzwe ngokubanzi. I-ASTM A106 igubungela umbhobho ongenamthungo kuphela ukuze kusetyenzwe ngobushushu obuphezulu. I-A106 ineemfuno ezingqongqo zokwakheka kweekhemikhali kunye neempawu zoomatshini.
Ithetha ukuthini i-API 5L PSL1 vs PSL2?
I-PSL imele iNqanaba leNkcazelo yeMveliso. I-PSL1 linqanaba lomgangatho oqhelekileyo elineemfuno ezisisiseko zeekhemikhali kunye nezoomatshini. I-PSL2 yongeza uvavanyo oluyimfuneko lokuchaphazela, imida ephezulu yokulingana kwekhabhoni, kunye nokuhlolwa okungqongqo okungonakalisiyo.
Ingakanani ixesha lombhobho wentsimbi oqhelekileyo?
Ubude obuqhelekileyo buyi-single random (4.8 ukuya kwi-6.7 yeemitha) kunye ne-double random (6.7 ukuya kwi-13.4 yeemitha). Umbhobho osikiweyo unganikezelwa kwiimfuno ezithile zeprojekthi. Ubude obude buyanciphisa ukuwelda kwentsimi kodwa bunokunyusa iindleko zokuthumela.
Yeyiphi ishedyuli yepayipi eqhelekileyo?
I-SCH 40, ekwabizwa ngokuba bubunzima obuqhelekileyo, yeyona shedyuli yemibhobho echazwe rhoqo. Isetyenziselwa amanzi, umoya, kunye nemigca yenkqubo yemizi-mveliso ngokubanzi. I-SCH 40 inika ibhalansi esebenzayo yamandla oxinzelelo, ubunzima, kunye neendleko.
Ndingayichaza njani ipayipi yentsimbi kwi-RFQ yamazwe ngamazwe?
Bhala iinkcukacha ezinje ngolu hlobo: “I-NPS 6 intshi, i-SCH 40, i-ASTM A53 Grade B, i-ERW, iziphelo ezicacileyo, ubude obungacwangciswanga obunye, obujikelezisiweyo bokuwelda, ubungakanani beemitha ezingama-500.” Faka umgangatho, umgangatho, indlela yokuvelisa, ishedyuli, uhlobo lokuphela, ubude, kunye nazo naziphi na iimfuno zokugquma.
isiphelo
Umbhobho wentsimbi yenye yezona mveliso zibalulekileyo zoshishino kwihlabathi liphela. Imarike yehlabathi idlula i-$178 yeebhiliyoni kuba umbhobho ubalulekile kwioyile negesi, amanzi, ulwakhiwo, ukuveliswa kwamandla, kunye neziseko zophuhliso zaselwandle. Sekunjalo, ukufumaneka kwawo wonke umntu kudala umngcipheko. Umthengi ochaza kuphela umgangatho kunye nobukhulu obuqhelekileyo usengozini yokufumana izinto ezichanekileyo ngobuchwephesha kodwa ezingasebenzi kakuhle.
Eyona ndlela ikhuselekileyo kukuchaza ngokupheleleyo. Xela umgangatho. Xela ibakala. Xela indlela yokuvelisa. Xela ishedyuli. Xela uhlobo lokuphela. Qinisekisa iSatifikethi soVavanyo lweMill. Linganisa ubungakanani obuhanjisiweyo. La manyathelo athatha imizuzu. Agcina iiveki.
Ukuba ufuna umbhobho wentsimbi yekhabhoni, umbhobho wentsimbi engagqwaliyo, okanye umbhobho we-alloy kwiprojekthi yakho elandelayo, nxibelelana neLIANYUNGANG DAPU METAL CO., LTD. Sinikezela ngombhobho ongenamthungo, we-ERW, we-LSAW, kunye nowe-SSAW ngokweemfuno ezisemgangathweni nezenziwe ngokwezifiso kunye neSatifikethi soVavanyo lweMill esipheleleyo, ukuthotyelwa kwe-API kunye ne-ASTM, kunye nokuhanjiswa kwihlabathi liphela kwisakhiwo sethu esikufutshane neShanghai Port.
