Uxinano lwentsimbi yekhabhoni yi-7,850 kg/m3 (7.85 g/cm3, 0.284 lb/in3). Amanqanaba entsimbi engatyiwayo aqala kwi-7,700 ukuya kwi-8,000 kg/m3 kuxhomekeke kulwakhiwo lwe-alloy, kunye ne-304 kwi-7,930 kg/m3 kunye ne-316 kwi-7,980 kg/m3. Ezi mahluko zincinci zibalulekile xa kubalwa ubunzima, iindleko zokuthumela, kunye noyilo lwesakhiwo.
Ngowama-2024, ivenkile yokuvelisa izinto eJiangsu ya-odola iitoni ezingamashumi amahlanu zepleyiti engagqwaliyo engama-316 kwiprojekthi yenqanawa yeekhemikhali. Injineli yeprojekthi isebenzise i-7,850 kg/m3, uxinano oluqhelekileyo lwentsimbi yekhabhoni, ukubala imithwalo yekreyini kunye neemfuno zokubopha. Xa ukuthunyelwa kwafika, kwakuphantse kube yipesenti enye yobunzima. Umthamo wekreyini wawungaphantsi, kwaye iqela lokuphakamisa kwafuneka liphinde libalise iziko lomxhuzulane kwaye longeze i-spreader bar enkulu. Ukulibaziseka kwabiza iprojekthi usuku lonke. Intsimbi yayilungile. Ingqikelelo yoxinano yayingalunganga.
Eli nqaku likunika amaxabiso achanekileyo oxinano lwentsimbi kuwo onke amanqanaba amakhulu, ukuguqulwa kweeyunithi zobunjineli kunye nokuthengwa, kunye neefomula zokubala ubunzima ngenyathelo onokuzisebenzisa ngoko nangoko. Uya kufunda nendlela ubushushu obuchaphazela ngayo uxinano kunye nendlela yokuqinisekisa amaxabiso kwiZiqinisekiso zoVavanyo lweMill.
IItrakthi ezibalulekileyo
- Ikhabhoni kunye nentsimbi ethambileyo zinobunzima obuqhelekileyo obuyi-7,850 kg/m3. Amanqanaba entsimbi engatyiwayo axinene kakhulu ngenxa yomthamo we-nickel kunye ne-molybdenum.
- Intsimbi engagqwaliyo engama-304 yi-7,930 kg/m3. Intsimbi engagqwaliyo engama-316 yi-7,980 ukuya kwi-8,000 kg/m3. I-Duplex 2205 yi-7,800 kg/m3.
- Ubunzima bulingana nomthamo ophindaphindwe ngoxinano. Sebenzisa uxinano oluchanekileyo lomgangatho wakho ukuze uphephe uku-odola nokuphakamisa izibalo ezingalunganga.
- Uxinano lwentsimbi luyehla kancinci xa amaqondo obushushu aphezulu ngenxa yokwanda kobushushu. Vumela ukwehla malunga ne-0.3% kwiqondo lobushushu ngalinye kwi-100 degrees Celsius.
- Izatifikethi zovavanyo lweMill zidwelisa ubuninzi bobushushu obufunekayo kwizicelo ezibalulekileyo. Amaxabiso eencwadi zesikhokelo anele kuninzi lwezinto ezifunekayo.
Ukuze ufumane umbono obanzi weeklasi ezingenasici kunye neempawu zazo, jonga eyethu isikhokelo esipheleleyo sentsimbi engenasiciUkuze ufumane idatha yobuninzi bobunjineli obugunyazisiweyo kuzo zonke izixhobo, Injini yeenjineli igcina itheyibhile yokubhekisa kwiintsimbi ezipheleleyo.
Yintoni Uxinano Lwentsimbi?
Uxinano lwentsimbi bubunzima bayo ngeyunithi yomthamo, obudla ngokubonakaliswa ngeekhilogram ngemitha nganye yetyhubhu (kg/m3) okanye iigram ngesentimitha nganye yetyhubhu (g/cm3). Kwiindlela ezininzi zokubala ulwakhiwo nobunjineli, intsimbi yekhabhoni kunye nentsimbi ethambileyo zisebenzisa uxinano oluqhelekileyo lwe I-7,850 kg / m3. The I-World Steel Association Iingxelo zithi ngaphezulu kweetoni ezili-1.8 zeebhiliyoni zentsimbi ziveliswa minyaka le, nto leyo eyenza ukuba idatha echanekileyo yoxinano ibe yeyona ibalulekileyo kurhwebo lwehlabathi kunye nobunjineli.
Eli xabiso livela kwisakhiwo se-lattice yentsimbi-khabhoni. Intsimbi ecocekileyo inobunzima obumalunga ne-7,874 kg/m3. Ukongezwa kwekhabhoni, ekhaphukhaphu kunentsimbi, kunye nezixa ezincinci ze-manganese kunye ne-silicon, kunciphisa umyinge ukuya kwi-7,850 kg/m3 kwiindidi eziqhelekileyo zesakhiwo ezifana ne-ASTM A36 kunye ne-AISI 1018.
Uxinano aluyonto nje yokulangazelela izinto ezibonakalayo. Lumisela ngokuthe ngqo ukuba icandelo lentsimbi linobunzima obungakanani, nto leyo echaphazela ukubalwa komthwalo wesakhiwo, iindleko zothutho, ubungakanani boku-odola izinto, kunye nokukhethwa kwezixhobo. Ukusebenzisa ixabiso elingalunganga kunokukhokelela kwiikreyini ezingachazwanga kakuhle, iilori ezigcwele kakhulu, okanye uqikelelo lwezinto olungalunganga.
Amaxabiso oxinano oluqhelekileyo ngokwenkqubo yeyunithi
| Inkqubo yeYunithi | IConbon Steel | 304 Ayinazintsimbi | 316 Ayinazintsimbi |
|---|---|---|---|
| kg / m3 | 7,850 | 7,930 | 7,980 |
| g / cm3 | 7.85 | 7.93 | 7.98 |
| lb / in3 | 0.284 | 0.286 | 0.288 |
| lb/ft3 | 490 | 495 | 498 |
Iinjineli eMntla Melika zihlala zisebenzisa i-lb/ft3 okanye i-lb/in3 xa zibala ulwakhiwo. Imigangatho yaseYurophu neyaseAsia idla ngokusebenzisa i-kg/m3. Soloko uqinisekisa ukuba yeyiphi inkqubo yeyunithi efunekayo kwiinkcukacha zeprojekthi yakho ngaphambi kokuba wenze izibalo.
Ubuninzi beNsimbi ngokweBanga: Itshati epheleleyo
Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zentsimbi zinobunzima obahlukeneyo kuba izinto ezidibanisayo zineempawu ezahlukeneyo zeathomu kunye nezakhiwo zekristale. Umzekelo, i-nickel ixinene kune-iron. I-Chromium ayixinene kangako. Isiphumo esipheleleyo sixhomekeke kulwakhiwo oluthile lwe-alloy.
Le theyibhile ilandelayo idwelisa uxinano oluqhelekileyo lwamanqanaba obunjineli aqhelekileyo. Kwizicelo ezibalulekileyo, qinisekisa ngokuchasene neSatifikethi soVavanyo lweMill sobushushu obuthile.
| kwiBanga | usapho | Ukuxinana (kg / m3) | Ubuninzi (g / cm3) | Ubuninzi (lb/in3) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A36 / 1018 / S235 | Ikhabhoni / Ulwakhiwo | 7,850 | 7.85 | 0.284 |
| 1020 | ICarbon | 7,870 | 7.87 | 0.284 |
| 1045 | Ikhabhoni ephakathi | 7,850 | 7.85 | 0.284 |
| 4140 | umxube wezinyithi | 7,850 | 7.85 | 0.284 |
| 4340 | umxube wezinyithi | 7,850 | 7.85 | 0.284 |
| D2 | Isixhobo seSinyithi | 7,700 | 7.70 | 0.278 |
| H13 | Isixhobo seSinyithi | 7,800 | 7.80 | 0.282 |
| O1 | Isixhobo seSinyithi | 7,860 | 7.86 | 0.284 |
Iintsimbi zekhabhoni kunye neentsimbi ezisebenzisa i-alloy ephantsi zihlangana ngokuqinileyo malunga ne-7,850 kg/m3. Iintsimbi zezixhobo zahlukile kakhulu ngenxa yomxholo ophezulu we-chromium, vanadium, kunye ne-tungsten. Ukuze ufunde nzulu indlela ukwakheka kwe-alloy okuchaphazela ngayo iimpawu zezinto, jonga yethu insimbi kumanqanaba isixhobo.
Ubuninzi beNtsimbi Engagqwaliyo: Itshati epheleleyo ngokweBanga
Uxinano lwentsimbi engagqwaliyo luyahluka kakhulu kunoxinano lwentsimbi yekhabhoni. Iigreyidi ze-austenitic ze-300-series zixinene kunentsimbi yekhabhoni ngenxa yomxholo we-nickel. Iigreyidi ze-ferritic neze-martensitic ze-400-series zihlala zilula kuba ziqulathe i-nickel encinci okanye azinazo kwaphela.
Amabanga e-Austenitic (300 Series)
| kwiBanga | Ukuxinana (kg / m3) | Ubuninzi (g / cm3) | amaNqaku |
|---|---|---|---|
| 201 | 7,700 | 7.70 | I-nickel esezantsi, i-manganese ithathelwe indawo |
| 304 / 304L | 7,930 | 7.93 | Eyona klasi ixhaphakileyo engenasici |
| 321 | 7,920 | 7.92 | I-Titanium izinzile |
| 309S / 310S | 7,980 | 7.98 | I-chromium ephezulu kunye ne-nickel |
| 316 / 316L / 316Ti | 7,980 ukuya 8,000 | 7.98 ukuya 8.00 | I-Molybdenum yongeza uxinano |
| 317 / 317L | 7,980 | 7.98 | I-molybdenum ephezulu kune-316 |
| 904L | 8,000 | 8.00 | I-alloy ephezulu ye-super austenitic |
Amanqanaba eFerritic kunye neMartensitic (Uthotho lwama-400)
| kwiBanga | Ukuxinana (kg / m3) | Ubuninzi (g / cm3) | amaNqaku |
|---|---|---|---|
| 410 / 410S / 416 | 7,750 | 7.75 | I-martensitic esisiseko |
| 420 | 7,730 | 7.73 | Ikhabhoni ephezulu yokuqina |
| 430 / 430F | 7,700 | 7.70 | Uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lwe-ferritic |
| 440A / 440C | 7,740 ukuya 7,620 | 7.74 ukuya 7.62 | Ikhabhoni ephezulu, uxinano oluphantsi |
I-Duplex kunye ne-Super Duplex
| kwiBanga | Ukuxinana (kg / m3) | Ubuninzi (g / cm3) | amaNqaku |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2205 / S31803 | 7,800 | 7.80 | Eyona klasi ye-duplex ixhaphakileyo |
| 2304 | 7,800 | 7.80 | I-duplex engenasici, i-alloy esezantsi |
| 2507 / S32750 | 7,820 ukuya 7,850 | 7.82 ukuya 7.85 | I-duplex enkulu, amandla aphezulu |
Iindidi zeDuplex ezifana ne-2205 zikhaphukhaphu kancinci kune-austenitic 304 kunye ne-316. Oku kungenxa yokuba i-duplex microstructure inemilinganiselo elinganayo ye-ferrite kunye ne-austenite, kwaye umxholo we-nickel uwonke uphantsi. Kwizicelo zaselwandle kunye neekhemikhali apho ubunzima bubaluleke khona, lo mahluko we-1.6 ekhulwini unokudibanisa kwizakhiwo ezinkulu.
Ukuze ufumane uthelekiso oluneenkcukacha lwamanqaku, jonga eyethu 304 vs 316 uthelekiso okanye izikhokelo zethu ezizinikeleyo I-304 insimbi engenasici kwaye I-316 insimbi engenasici.
Itshati yoBuninzi beMetal: Intsimbi vs Ezinye iiMetal
Iinjineli zihlala zithelekisa uxinano lwentsimbi ne-aluminiyam, i-titanium, kunye ne-cast iron xa zikhetha izinto ezisetyenziselwa usetyenziso olunobunzima.
| imathiriyeli | Ukuxinana (kg / m3) | Ubuninzi (g / cm3) | Ipesenti yoBunzima beNsimbi |
|---|---|---|---|
| IConbon Steel | 7,850 | 7.85 | 100% |
| I-304 Insimbi Engenasici | 7,930 | 7.93 | 101% |
| Grey Cast Iron | 7,150 | 7.15 | 91% |
| IAluminiyam 6061 | 2,700 | 2.70 | 34% |
| I-Titanium yeBanga lesi-2 | 4,510 | 4.51 | 57% |
| IC110 yobhedu | 8,960 | 8.96 | 114% |
| Ubhedu C360 | 8,490 | 8.49 | 108% |
I-aluminium iphantse ibe yi-1/3 yobunzima bentsimbi, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe nomtsalane kwi-aerospace nakwi-motor lightweight. Nangona kunjalo, i-aluminium inobunzima obuphantsi kakhulu kunye namandla ngeyunithi nganye. I-Titanium inika umgangatho ophakathi kwi-57% yobunzima bentsimbi, kunye nomlinganiselo ogqwesileyo wamandla-ubunzima kunye nokumelana nokugqwala. I-cast iron ikhaphukhaphu malunga ne-9% kunentsimbi ngenxa yokufakwa kwe-graphite, kodwa ikwabuthathaka ngakumbi.
Ukuze ufumane uthelekiso olupheleleyo lweentlobo zentsimbi, funda isikhokelo sethu malunga intsimbi engatyiwayo vs carbon steel.
Indlela yokubala ubunzima bentsimbi ukusuka kwi-Density
Ifomula esisiseko ilula. Ubunzima bulingana nomthamo ophindaphindwe ngobuninzi. Umngeni kukubala umthamo ngokuchanekileyo kwiimo ezahlukeneyo.
Ifomula Esisiseko
Ubunzima = Umthamo x Ubuninzi
Kwibhloko engunxande, ivolumu iphindaphindwa ngobude ububanzi buphindaphindwa ngobukhulu. Kwiisilinda kunye nemibhobho, kufuneka ubale indawo enqamlezileyo kuqala.
Ukubalwa kobunzima bepleyiti kunye nephepha
Kwipleyiti ethe tyaba okanye ishidi:
Ubunzima (kg) = Ubude (m) x Ububanzi (m) x Ubukhulu (m) x Ubuninzi (kg/m3)
Umzekelo osebenzayo: Bala ubunzima bepleyiti yentsimbi ye-A36 elinganisa i-1,220 mm ngo-2,440 mm ngo-6 mm.
- Guqula ubukhulu bube ziimitha: 1.22 mx 2.44 mx 0.006 m
- Umthamo = 1.22 x 2.44 x 0.006 = 0.01786 m3
- Ubunzima = 0.01786 x 7,850 = 140.2 kg
Kwiziqwenga zentsimbi engagqwaliyo, sebenzisa i-7,930 kg/m3 kwi-304 okanye i-7,980 kg/m3 kwi-316. Ipleyiti efanayo kwi-304 ibinobunzima obuyi-141.6 kg. Umahluko mncinane kwipleyiti enye, kodwa ihlangana kwii-odolo ezinkulu.
Ukubalwa kobunzima bebha ejikelezayo
Kwibha engqukuva eqinileyo:
Ubunzima (kg) = pi x r2 x Ubude (m) x Ubuninzi (kg/m3)
Apho u-r yirediyasi kwiimitha.
Uqikelelo olukhawulezayo olusetyenziswa kwiivenkile zokwenza izinto zezi:
Ubunzima (kg/m) = D2 / 162
Apho u-D bububanzi obuziimilimitha.
Umzekelo osebenzayo: Bala ubunzima bebha yentsimbi engagqwali engama-304 enobubanzi obuyi-50 mm, ubude obuziimitha ezi-3.
- Ukusebenzisa ifomyula echanekileyo: Umthamo = pi x (0.025)2 x 3 = 0.00589 m3
- Ubunzima = 0.00589 x 7,930 = 46.7 kg
- Ukusebenzisa ifomula ekhawulezayo: (50 x 50) / 162 = 15.43 kg/m. Kwiimitha ezi-3: 15.43 x 3 = 46.3 kg
Ifomula ekhawulezayo inika uqikelelo olusondeleyo kwaye iluncedo kwiingqikelelo zasentsimini.
Ukubalwa kobunzima bepayipi yentsimbi
Kwipayipi, bala indawo yodonga olunqamlezileyo uze uphindaphinde ngobude.
Ubunzima (kg) = pi/4 x (OD2 – ID2) x Ubude (m) x Ubuninzi (kg/m3)
Apho i-OD kunye ne-ID zikwiimitha. Okanye, sebenzisa i-OD kunye nobukhulu bodonga.
Umzekelo osebenzayo: Bala ubunzima bombhobho wentsimbi yekhabhoni i-SCH 40 oyi-intshi ezi-2, ubude obuziimitha ezi-6.
- OD = 60.3 mm (0.0603 m), ubukhulu bodonga = 3.91 mm, ID = 52.48 mm (0.05248 m)
- Indawo enqamlezileyo = pi/4 x (0.06032 – 0.052482) = 0.000692 m2
- Umthamo = 0.000692 x 6 = 0.00415 m3
- Ubunzima = 0.00415 x 7,850 = 32.6 kg
Iitafile zobunzima bepayipi eziqhelekileyo zidwelisa oku njengemalunga ne-5.44 kg/m, ngoko ke iimitha ezi-6 zilingana ne-32.6 kg. Ubalo luyajonga.
Ukubalwa kobunzima beCoil kunye neStrip
Kwi-coil yentsimbi, yiphathe njengeprism ende, ebhityileyo yoxande.
Ubunzima (kg) = Ububanzi (m) x Ubukhulu (m) x Ubude bekhoyili (m) x Ubuninzi (kg/m3)
Ukuba uyazi ububanzi bangaphakathi bekhoyili, ububanzi bangaphandle, kunye nobubanzi, ungabala nobude kuqala:
Ubude (m) = pi x (OD2 – ID2) / (4 x Ubukhulu)
Emva koko sebenzisa ifomula yestrip engentla.
Umzekelo osebenzayo: Ikhoyili engatyiwayo ye-304 inobubanzi obuyi-1,000 mm, ubukhulu obuyi-2 mm, kwaye ubude buyi-500 metres.
- Umthamo = 1.0 x 0.002 x 500 = 1.0 m3
- Ubunzima = 1.0 x 7,930 = 7,930 kg
Xa kuthengwa iikhoyili, iikhoyili zentsimbi engagqwaliyo zihlala zi-odolwa ngokobunzima, kodwa abanye abathengi bachaza ngobude. Ukwazi uxinano kukuvumela ukuba uguqule phakathi kwezi zimbini ngokuchanekileyo.
Ngaba Ubushushu Buchaphazela Ubuninzi Bentsimbi?
Ewe. Intsimbi iyakhula xa ishushu, kwaye ngenxa yokuba ubunzima buhlala buhleli, uxinano luyancipha. Isiphumo sincinci kodwa silinganiswa.
I-coefficient yokwandiswa kobushushu kwi-carbon steel imalunga ne-12 x 10-6 nge-degree Celsius. Oku kuthetha ukuba i-one-meter bar ikhula nge-0.012 mm kwi-degree nganye yokunyuka kobushushu. Ngaphezulu komthamo, olu kwandiswa lunciphisa uxinano.
Njengomthetho, uxinano lwentsimbi luyancipha malunga Iipesenti eziyi-0.3 kwiqondo ngalinye lamaqondo obushushu ali-100 Celsius ukunyuka kobushushu. Kwi-500 degrees Celsius, uxinano lwentsimbi yekhabhoni luyehla ukusuka kwi-7,850 kg/m3 ukuya kwi-7,740 kg/m3.
Kwiinkqubo ezininzi zobushushu obuphakathi, olu tshintsho alunamsebenzi. Kwiinxalenye ze-furnace, iityhubhu ze-boiler, kunye nezixhobo zenkqubo yobushushu obuphezulu, iinjineli kufuneka zisebenzise amaxabiso oxinano olulungisiweyo lobushushu. I-ASME Boiler kunye neKhowudi yeVessel yoxinzelelo Icandelo II libonelela ngeempawu zezinto ezixhomekeke kubushushu xa kubalwa uyilo.
Ubuninzi bokuthengwa kwempahla kunye nokuthunyelwa kwempahla
Uxinano lwentsimbi luchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo iindleko zokuthutha impahla, ucwangciso lweekreyini, kunye nohlahlo-lwabiwo mali lwezinto eziphathekayo. Umphathi wokuthenga ocinga ukuba zonke intsimbi zinobunzima obufanayo ngemitha yesikwere uza kwenza iimpazamo ezibizayo.
Ngowama-2024, iqela lokuthenga eNingbo lalithelekisa iikowuteshini zephepha ezingama-304 kunye ne-316 kwiprojekthi yezixhobo zaselwandle. Zombini iikowuteshini zazixabisa ngekhilogram nganye, kwaye ukubalwa kwamaphepha kwakufana. Into iqela elaliyiphosile ekuqaleni kukuba iphepha elingama-316 linobunzima obumalunga ne-0.6% ngaphezulu ngemitha yesikwere kunephepha elingama-304. Kwiodolo yeetoni ezingamashumi amane, oko kuthetha ukuba lifikelela kwi-240 yeekhilogram ezongezelelweyo. Ngamaxabiso okuthutha ngolwandle, ubunzima obongezelelweyo bongeze malunga ne-$340 kwixabiso lokuthutha lodwa. Izinto ngokwazo zazixabisa ngokuchanekileyo. Uqikelelo lwempahla lwalungenjalo.
Yingakho ixabiso elichanekileyo loxinano lwentsimbi libalulekile ekuthengweni. Xa uguqula ukusuka kwiinkcukacha ezisekelwe kwindawo ukuya kwii-odolo ezisekelwe kubunzima, sebenzisa uxinano oluchanekileyo lomgangatho ochaziweyo. Musa ukucinga ukuba uxinano lwentsimbi yekhabhoni lusebenza kwii-odolo ezingenasici.
Kwiiprojekthi ezinkulu zesakhiwo, isiphumo esidibeneyo somahluko woxinano sinokuba sikhulu. Umyili weqonga elingaphandle kolwandle ochaza i-duplex 2205 endaweni ye-304 yokumelana nokugqwala ufumene ukwehla kobunzima nge-1.6 ekhulwini kwisakhiwo sentsimbi. Kumawaka eetoni, oko kwaguqulelwa kwimithwalo yesiseko ephantsi, izixhobo zokuphakamisa ezincinci, kunye neendleko zokuthutha ezincitshisiweyo.
Ukuba ufuna uncedo ekubaleni ubunzima bezinto zeprojekthi yakho, iqela lethu libonelela ngengcebiso yobugcisa ukuze ufumane uqikelelo oluchanekileyo.
Indlela yokuqinisekisa uxinano kwiSatifikethi sovavanyo lweMill
Iziqinisekiso zovavanyo lweMill (iiMTC) zibhala iikhemikhali kunye neempawu zomzimba zobushushu bentsimbi. Kwizicelo ezibalulekileyo, i-MTC ngumthombo onegunya.
Uninzi lwee-MTC aludwelisi uxinano ngokuthe ngqo. Endaweni yoko, ludwelisa ulwakhiwo lweekhemikhali ngepesenti. Ungaqikelela uxinano ukusuka kulwakhiwo usebenzisa i-weighted averages of constituent densities, kodwa oku akufuneki rhoqo. Ngeenjongo zobunjineli, amaxabiso aqhelekileyo kweli nqaku achanekile ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1% kwiimagredi ezisemgangathweni.
Ukuba iinkcukacha zakho zifuna uxinano oluqinisekisiweyo, cela ingxelo yovavanyo lwezinto ezahlukeneyo kumthengisi wakho. Ezinye izicelo ezikhethekileyo, ezifana ne-aerospace kunye ne-nyukliya, zifuna uxinano olulinganisiweyo lokwenyani endaweni yexabiso lencwadi yesikhokelo.
Ukunyamezelana koxinano akucaciswa rhoqo kuba umahluko ngaphakathi kodidi udla ngokuba ngaphantsi kwepesenti enye. Okubaluleke ngakumbi kukunyamezelana kokwakheka kweekhemikhali, okuqinisekisa ukuba i-alloy iyahlangabezana neemfuno zokugqwala kunye noomatshini ezichazwe kwinkcazo. Imigangatho ye-ASTM ezifana ne-ASTM A240 yepleyiti engatyiwayo kunye ne-ASTM A36 yentsimbi yekhabhoni yesakhiwo zichaza le mida yokwakheka.
Kwizinto ezisemgangathweni zokuthengwa kwemizi-mveliso, ukusebenzisa amaxabiso aqhelekileyo entsimbi enobunzima kweli nqaku kwanele ngokupheleleyo. Kwiimveliso zentsimbi yekhabhoni, soloko uqinisekisa ukuba inqanaba elithile kwi-MTC lihambelana neodolo yakho.
Imibuzo ebuzwa qho
Ingakanani i-density yentsimbi kwi-kg/m3?
Uxinano lwekhabhoni kunye nentsimbi ethambileyo yi-7,850 kg/m3. Amanqanaba entsimbi engatyiwayo aqala kwi-7,700 kg/m3 kwiindidi ze-ferritic ezifana ne-430 ukuya kwi-8,000 kg/m3 kwiindidi ze-alloy eziphezulu ezifana ne-904L. Sebenzisa rhoqo uxinano oluthile lwendidi ukuze ubale ngokuchanekileyo.
Yintoni ingxinano yentsimbi engatyiwayo?
Uxinano lwentsimbi engagqwaliyo luqala kwi-7,700 ukuya kwi-8,000 kg/m3 kuxhomekeke kudidi kunye nokwakheka kwe-alloy. Amanqanaba e-Austenitic afana ne-304 kunye ne-316 ngawona axineneyo malunga ne-7,930 ukuya kwi-8,000 kg/m3. Amanqanaba e-Ferritic afana ne-430 alula malunga ne-7,700 kg/m3. Amanqanaba e-Duplex aphakathi kwe-7,800 kg/m3.
Yintoni ingxinano ye-304 yentsimbi engatyiwayo?
Uxinano lwentsimbi engagqwaliyo engama-304 yi-7,930 kg/m3 (7.93 g/cm3, 0.286 lb/in3). Oku kungaphezulu malunga nepesenti enye kunentsimbi yekhabhoni ngenxa yomxholo we-nickel. I-304L inoxinano olufanayo nolwe-304.
Ngaba intsimbi engagqwaliyo engama-316 inzima kune-304?
Ewe. Intsimbi engagqwaliyo engama-316 inobunzima obuyi-7,980 ukuya kwi-8,000 kg/m3, ngelixa i-304 iyi-7,930 kg/m3. Umahluko we-0.6 ukuya kwi-0.9 yeepesenti uvela kwi-molybdenum eyongeziweyo. Kwiiodolo ezinkulu, lo mahluko mncinci uchaphazela ubunzima obupheleleyo, iindleko zokuthutha, kunye nokubalwa komthwalo wesakhiwo.
Ingakanani i-density yentsimbi kwi-lb/in3?
Intsimbi yekhabhoni yi-0.284 lb/in3. Intsimbi engatyiwayo engama-304 yi-0.286 lb/in3. Intsimbi engatyiwayo engama-316 yi-0.288 lb/in3. La maxabiso asetyenziswa kubunjineli bezakhiwo kunye nobokwenziwa eMntla Melika.
Ngaba unyango lobushushu luyayitshintsha i-steel density?
Unyango lobushushu lutshintsha isakhiwo se-microstructure kunye neempawu zoomatshini, kodwa lutshintsha uxinano ngaphantsi kwepesenti enye. Kuzo zonke izibalo zobunjineli ezisebenzayo kunye nokuthengwa, sebenzisa uxinano olufanayo nokuba imeko yonyango lobushushu injani na.
Ndingabala njani ubunzima bepleyiti yentsimbi?
Phinda-phinda ubude ngobubanzi ngobukhulu ukuze ufumane ivolumu kwiimitha zetyhubhu. Emva koko phinda-phinda ngobuninzi bentsimbi kwi-kg/m3. Umzekelo, ipleyiti ye-A36 eyi-2 m nge-1 m nge-10 mm inomthamo we-0.02 m3 kwaye inobunzima obuyi-0.02 x 7,850 = 157 kg.
Kutheni intsimbi engagqwaliyo inzima kunentsimbi yekhabhoni?
Intsimbi engagqwaliyo ine-nickel, enobunzima obuphezulu be-athomu kune-iron. Ii-Austenitic grades ezifana ne-304 kunye ne-316 ziqulathe i-nickel eyi-8 ukuya kwi-14 ekhulwini, nto leyo enyusa uxinano iyonke. Ii-Ferritic stainless grades ezifana ne-430 azina-nickel kwaye zinoxinano olusondele kwi-carbon steel.
Yintoni ubuninzi bentsimbi ephakathi?
Intsimbi ethambileyo inobunzima obuyi-7,850 kg/m3 (7.85 g/cm3). Oku kuyafana nentsimbi yekhabhoni eqhelekileyo kuba intsimbi ethambileyo yintsimbi enekhabhoni ephantsi enomxholo wekhabhoni ongaphantsi kwe-0.25 ekhulwini.
Ubushushu buyichaphazela njani i-steel density?
Intsimbi iyakhula xa ishushu, nto leyo enciphisa uxinano. Uxinano luyancipha malunga ne-0.3 yepesenti kwi-100 degrees Celsius. Kwi-500 degrees Celsius, uxinano lwentsimbi yekhabhoni luyehla ukusuka kwi-7,850 kg/m3 ukuya kwi-7,740 kg/m3.
Ndingalufumana phi uxinano kwiSatifikethi soVavanyo lweMill?
Uninzi lweeSatifikethi zoVavanyo lweMill ludwelisa ukwakheka kweekhemikhali endaweni yoxinano ngqo. Kwiibakala ezisemgangathweni, sebenzisa amaxabiso aqhelekileyo kwiincwadi zobunjineli okanye kwesi sikhokelo. Kwizicelo ezifuna uxinano oluqinisekisiweyo, cela ingxelo yovavanyo lwezinto ezahlukeneyo kumthengisi wakho.
isiphelo
Amaxabiso achanekileyo oxinano lwentsimbi abalulekile ekubaleni ubunjineli, uqikelelo lokuthengwa, kunye nokuhanjiswa kwezinto. Intsimbi yekhabhoni kwi-7,850 kg/m3 yeyona nto iphambili, kodwa amanqanaba angenasici ayahluka ngendlela elinganiswayo. I-304 yi-7,930 kg/m3. I-316 yi-7,980 ukuya kwi-8,000 kg/m3. I-Duplex 2205 yi-7,800 kg/m3. Ukusebenzisa ixabiso elingalunganga kunokukhokelela ekugqithiseni kakhulu kwekhreyini, ukumangaliswa kwemithwalo, kunye nee-odolo zezinto ezingachanekanga.
Iifomula zokubala ubunzima kweli nqaku zikunika izixhobo zokuqikelela ubunzima bepleyiti, i-bar, ipayipi, kunye ne-coil ngokuchanekileyo. Kwizicelo zobushushu obuphezulu, khumbula ukusebenzisa ukulungiswa kobushushu okuncinci. Kwaye xa ukuchaneka kubalulekile, qinisekisa ngokuchasene neSatifikethi soVavanyo lweMill.
Ukuba ufuna izixhobo zentsimbi eziqinisekisiweyo ezineenkcazo ezichanekileyo kwiprojekthi yakho elandelayo, nxibelelana nathi ukuze ufumane ikowuteshini. I-LIANYUNGANG DAPU METAL CO., LTD ibonelela ngentsimbi yekhabhoni, iimveliso zephepha elingenasici, kunye nezixhobo ze-alloy ezineSatifikethi soVavanyo lweMill olupheleleyo kunye nokuhanjiswa kwihlabathi liphela.
