Umahluko wokwenyani phakathi kwe-titanium yebanga lesi-5 kunye nebanga lama-23 yi-substance yepesenti ye-oxygen. I-Grade 5 (Ti-6Al-4V) ivumela i-oxygen ukuya kuthi ga kwi-0.20%; i-grade 23 (Ti-6Al-4V ELI, okanye i-Extra Low Interstitial) iyigqiba kwi-0.13%. Loo mda uqinileyo urhweba malunga ne-4% yamandla angashukumiyo ukuze kubekho ukuqina okungcono kakhulu kokuqhekeka, ubomi bokudinwa, kunye nokuqina kwe-cryogenic, yiyo loo nto i-ASTM F136 yenza i-grade 23 ibe ngumgangatho wee-implants zotyando ezisisigxina.
Injineli esemgangathweni kumenzi we-spinal implant yafumanisa ukuba loo mahluko ubaluleke kangakanani. Iqela lakhe la-odola i-"Ti-6Al-4V round bar" yoyilo olutsha lwentonga, kwaye i-mill yazisa izinto ze-ASTM B348. Yayinamandla kunebanga lama-23 awayeyichazile kwaye ingabizi kakhulu. Ekuhlolweni okufikayo, wayiphawula ishushu nangona kunjalo kuba ushicilelo lobunjineli lwalufuna i-ASTM F136 grade 23 ELI, kwaye iqela lasilela amaphepha kwisithuba seyure. Igama le-alloy lahambelana. Inkcazo ayizange ifane.
Esi sikhokelo sithelekisa i-titanium yebanga lesi-5 kunye nebanga lama-23 ngokupheleleyo: oko kuthethwa yi-ELI, indlela ezi khemikhali zimbini ezahluke ngayo, indlela iimpawu zazo zoomatshini ezithelekiswa ngayo, yeyiphi imigangatho esebenzayo kwisigqibo sokuthenga, apho ibanga lama-23 liyimfuneko, kunye nokuba iprimiyamu yayo yexabiso ifanelekile na. Uza kugqiba ukwazi ukuba loluphi uhlobo oza kulubeka kushicilelo lwakho olulandelayo.
IItrakthi ezibalulekileyo
- Ibanga lesi-5 (Ti-6Al-4V, UNS R56400) kunye nebanga lesi-23 (Ti-6Al-4V ELI, UNS R56401) zifana ne-alpha-beta alloy. Ibanga lesi-23 liyinguqulelo nje ethi “Extra Low Interstitial” ene-oxygen capped kwi-0.13% (vs 0.20%) kunye ne-iron kwi-0.25% (vs 0.40%).
- Ibanga lesi-5 lolona didi luqinileyo xa linokutsalwa okuncinci okungama-895 MPa / isivuno esincinci esingama-828 MPa (esifakwe kwi-annealed). Ibanga lama-23 lisebenzisa malunga nama-860 MPa / 795 MPa, amandla athengiswayo angama-4% ukuze kubekho ukuqina okuphezulu kokuqhekeka okumalunga nama-35-60% kunye nokunyamezela ukudinwa okungaphezulu ngama-20%.
- I-ASTM F136 (kunye ne-ISO 5832-3) yinkcazo yokufakelwa kotyando kwi-ELI yebanga lama-23. Ii-implants ezithwala umthwalo ezisisigxina ziyayifuna; i-grade 5 eqhelekileyo ayivumelekanga ngokubanzi kuloo msebenzi.
- I-ELI yeBanga lama-23 ikwachaziwe kwinkonzo ye-cryogenic esezantsi ukuya kwi--253°C (i-hydrogen engamanzi) kunye neendawo zeenqwelo-moya ezibalulekileyo eziqhekekayo, ezithengwe kwi-AMS 4930/4931.
- Ibanga lama-23 libiza malunga ne-15-40% ngaphezulu ngekhilogram kunebanga lesi-5 (ngesiqhelo yi-20-30%). Iprimiyamu ihlawula kuphela xa ukudinwa, ukuqina, inkonzo ye-cryogenic, okanye isiqinisekiso sokufakelwa kwe-implant silawula uyilo.
Yintoni iTitanium yeBanga lesi-5 (Ti-6Al-4V)?
I-titanium yebanga lesi-5 yi-alloy ye-alpha-beta equlethe malunga ne-6% ye-aluminium kunye ne-4% ye-vanadium, kunye ne-titanium elinganayo. Ichongwe njenge-Ti-6Al-4V, i-UNS R56400, kunye ne-3.7165, kwaye yeyona nto isebenzayo kwishishini le-titanium, ebandakanya malunga nesiqingatha sayo yonke isinyithi se-titanium esisetyenziswa kwihlabathi liphela.
I-Aluminiyam izinzisa isigaba se-alpha kwaye i-vanadium izinzisa isigaba se-beta. Eso sakhiwo sesigaba esiphindwe kabini yiso esinika ibakala lesi-5 ibhalansi yaso engaqhelekanga: sinamandla kakhulu kunalo naluphi na uhlobo lwe-titanium olucocekileyo oluthengiswayo, kodwa sigcina ukuguquguquka okwaneleyo ukuba sifakwe, sifakwe ngomatshini, kwaye sidityaniswe. Abayili bayafikelela kuyo xa into ephambili ilumlinganiselo ophezulu wamandla ukuya kubunzima ngexabiso eliphantsi.
Apho ubona khona ibanga lesi-5 yonke imihla: izakhiwo ze-airframe, iindawo zenjini, kunye nezibophelelo kwi-aerospace; izixhobo zaselwandle; izixhobo zeemoto ezisebenza kakuhle; kunye nezixhobo zoshishino apho amandla aphezulu angashukumiyo aqhuba uyilo. Ukuze ujonge ngokupheleleyo i-alloy, isikhokelo sethu se-titanium sebanga lesi-5 sigubungela iimpawu zayo, usetyenziso kunye nezinto ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa uthenga.
Yintoni iTitanium yeBanga lama-23 (Ti-6Al-4V ELI)?
I-titanium yebanga lama-23 yi-alloy efanayo ye-Ti-6Al-4V enokulungiswa okubalulekileyo: yinguqulelo ye-Extra Low Interstitial (ELI), echongwe njenge-Ti-6Al-4V ELI, i-UNS R56401, kunye ne-3.7165. I-chemistry ye-alloy eqhelekileyo iyafana. Olona tshintsho luphezulu kwimida yokungcola kwe-interstitial i-oxygen, i-iron, i-nitrogen, i-carbon, kunye ne-hydrogen, kwaye i-oxygen yeyona ibalulekileyo.
Ibanga lama-23 ayilosapho lwe-alloy eyahlukileyo. Luphuculo oluphezulu lwebanga lesi-5 oluveliswe kwifestile yekhemistri eqinileyo. Yiyo loo nto la mabanga mabini efana, eyomatshini efanayo, kwaye abelana ngobuninzi obufanayo kunye ne-modulus. Umahluko ubonakala kwindlela abaziphatha ngayo xa i-crack izama ukukhula, kungekhona ngegama elikwiphepha ledatha.
Itshati yethu yebanga le-titanium ibonisa apho ibanga lama-23 likwintsapho yebanga elibanzi, kwaye uthelekiso lwebanga lesi-2 le-titanium vs ibanga lesi-5 luchaza indlela amanqanaba e-alloy ahambelana ngayo namanqanaba acocekileyo orhwebo.
Lithetha ukuthini igama elithi “ELI” kwiTitanium?
I-ELI imele i-Extra Low Interstitial. Kwi-titanium metallurgy, i-interstitial yi-athomu encinci, ikakhulu i-oksijini, i-nitrogen, i-carbon, kunye ne-hydrogen, ehambelana phakathi kwee-athomu ezinkulu ze-titanium kwi-crystal lattice.
Ezi athom zincinci zinamandla okuqinisa. Zithintela intshukumo yokudilika, nto leyo eyenza isinyithi sibe nzima kwaye siqine. Kodwa zikwabamba ezo zidibaniso, nto leyo eyenza isinyithi sibe buthathaka kwaye singanyamezeli kangako ukuqhekeka okukhulayo. Ioksijini ngokukodwa sisixhobo esinamandla sokuqinisa i-alpha, ngoko ke nokunyuka okuncinci kuphakamisa amandla ngelixa kunciphisa ukudumba, ukuqina kokuqhekeka, kunye nokumelana nokukhula kokuqhekeka kokudinwa.
Igama le-ELI likho ngokuchanekileyo ukulawula olu rhwebo. Ngokugcina ioksijini ngaphantsi kwe-0.13% endaweni ye-0.20%, ibanga lama-23 lamkela ukulahleka kwamandla okuncinci ukuze kubuyiselwe ukuqina kunye nokumelana nokudinwa okufunekayo kwicandelo elibalulekileyo okanye elifakelweyo. Yonke eminye imiqathango yomahluko phakathi kwebanga lesi-5 nebanga lama-23 ivela kwesi sigqibo sinye malunga nemida ye-interstitial.
Ibanga lesi-5 vs iBanga lama-23 Titanium: Ukwakhiwa kweekhemikhali kuthelekiswa
Itheyibhile yokwakheka engezantsi ibonisa umahluko ocacileyo. Izinto ezidibanisa i-aluminium kunye ne-vanadium zihlala zifana; imida ye-interstitial, ingakumbi i-oxygen kunye ne-iron, zezona zahlula la manqanaba mabini.
| Element | Ibanga lesi-5 (Ti-6Al-4V, R56400) | IBakala 23 (Ti-6Al-4V ELI, R56401) |
|---|---|---|
| Titanium | ibhalansi | ibhalansi |
| ialuminiyam | 5.50-6.75% | 5.50-6.50% |
| Vanadium | 3.50-4.50% | 3.50-4.50% |
| intsimbi | 0.40% max | 0.25% max |
| Oxygen | 0.20% max | 0.13% max |
| ICarbon | 0.08% max | 0.08% max |
| Iitrogen | 0.05% max | 0.05% max |
| Hydrogen | 0.015% max | 0.012% max |
Umda weoksijini ngumxholo. Ukuwusika ukusuka kwi-0.20% ukuya kwi-0.13% yiyo yonke isizathu sokuba ibakala lama-23 libe khona. Umda wesinyithi nawo wehla ukusuka kwi-0.40% ukuya kwi-0.25%, kwaye ihydrogen iyaqina kancinci, zombini ezi zinto zinceda ukudityaniswa kunye nokumelana nokuqhekeka kwehydrogen.
Lumka umgibe wokubiza amagama ekuthengeni. Iifektri zaseTshayina zibiza i-TC4 yebanga lesi-5 kunye ne-TC4 yebanga lama-23 njenge-ELI, kwaye ezinye iikhathalogu zibiza zombini ngokuthi “Ti-6Al-4V.” Igama le-alloy lodwa alikaze libonise ukuba uthenga liphi inqanaba. Ngumgangatho olawulayo kuphela kunye neNgxelo yoVavanyo lweMill, ekufuneka ibonise ioksijini kwi-0.13% okanye ngaphantsi, eziqinisekisa i-grade 23. Ubushushu obudlula i-ASTM B348 yorhwebo busenokungaphumeleli kwi-ASTM F136 okanye kwi-AMS 4930 kwisinyithi okanye kwioksijini yodwa.
Ibanga lesi-5 vs iBanga lama-23 Titanium: Iimpawu zoMatshini ezithelekiswayo
Itheyibhile yoomatshini engezantsi ishwankathela amaxabiso aqhelekileyo afakwe i-anneal. Umgangatho wokuqina uyahluka kancinci ngokwendlela eqhelekileyo yokuhlaziya kunye nemo yemveliso, ngoko ke thatha amanani njengothelekiso olusebenzayo endaweni yeziqinisekiso.
| Ipropati (ivaliwe) | IBakala 5 (Ti-6Al-4V) | IBakala 23 (Ti-6Al-4V ELI) |
|---|---|---|
| Ubuncinci bokuqina kwamandla | ~ 895 MPa | ~ 860 MPa |
| Ubuncinci bamandla esivuno | ~ 828 MPa | ~ 795 MPa |
| Uluhlu | ~10-14% | ~10-15% |
| Ukuqina kokwaphuka (K_IC) | ~55-70 MPa√m | ~75-90 MPa√m |
| Umda wokunyamezela ukudinwa (imijikelo eli-10^7) | ~ 517 MPa | ~ 621-655 MPa |
| Impembelelo yeCharpy V-notch (ubushushu begumbi) | ~20-40 J | ~40-60 J |
| mninzi | 4.43 g / cm³ | 4.43 g / cm³ |
| Imodyuli edibeneyo | ~110-114 GPA | ~110-114 GPA |
Amandla: Ukuphumelela kweBanga lesi-5, Kancinci
Ibanga lesi-5 lolona didi luqinileyo. Njengoko ioksijini kunye nesinyithi zisebenza njengeziqinisi, zinamandla aphezulu okutsalwa kunye nokukhupha amandla kwimeko efakwe kwi-anneal, kwaye zombini ezi nqanaba zinokunyangwa ngobushushu kwimeko enyangwa ngesisombululo kwaye zikhulile (STA) ukuze kubekho amandla aphezulu.
Ukuba uyilo lwakho lune-static-strength-limited, oko kuthetha ukuba inxalenye isebenza kufutshane ne-yield point yayo kwaye ayibonakali rhoqo, ipesenti ezimbalwa ezongezelelweyo zamandla kwibanga lesi-5 zixabiso lokwenyani awuhlawuli nto yongezelelweyo ngalo.
Ukuqina, Ubuchule, kunye nokudinwa: Ibanga lama-23 liyaphumelela ngokucacileyo
Apho ibakala lama-23 lilawula khona kukho ukunyamezela umonakalo. Xa ii-athomu ezimbalwa ze-interstitial zibopha i-lattice, umngxuma kwibakala lama-23 ukhula kancinci kwaye izinto zifunxa amandla amaninzi ngaphambi kokuba zaphuke. Ukuqina kokuqhekeka okuxeliweyo kuhamba malunga ne-75-90 MPa√m xa kuthelekiswa ne-55-70 MPa√m kwibakala lesi-5, ukutsiba okumalunga ne-35-60%. Ukunyamezela kokudinwa kuphucuka malunga ne-20%, kwaye amandla empembelelo yeCharpy aphindaphindeka kabini, ukusuka malunga ne-20-40 J ukuya kwi-40-60 J.
Loo manani aguqulela ngqo kubomi benkonzo. Isiqu sesinqe esiphila iminyaka eli-15 yokuhamba ngemijikelo kwibanga lesi-5 sinokufikelela kwiminyaka engama-20 kwibanga lama-23, kuba ukukhula kokuqhekeka kokudinwa, kungekhona ukugqithisa okungaguqukiyo, yikona okuphelisa uninzi lwee-implants. Ingqiqo efanayo iyasebenza kwiindawo zeenqwelo-moya ekungafuneki zisilele xa zibhabha. Ukuze ujonge ngokusondeleyo indlela ibanga lesi-5 eliziphatha ngayo phantsi komthwalo ojikelezayo xa kuthelekiswa namanqanaba e-CP, jonga uthelekiso lwethu lwamandla lwebanga lesi-5 vs ibanga lesi-2.
Awuqinisekanga ukuba isicelo sakho sinomlinganiselo othile wamandla okanye ukudinwa? Loo mbuzo mnye ugqiba uninzi lokhetho lwebanga lesi-5 xa kuthelekiswa nebanga lama-23. Iqela lethu leengcebiso zobugcisa lisebenza ngeemeko zenkonzo kwaye lilayisha iinjineli qho ngeveki ukuze zahlule ezi meko zimbini.
I-ASTM F136, F1472, kunye ne-AMS 4930: Imephu yeMigangatho
Eyona ndlela ikhawulezayo yokuqonda ibanga lesi-5 xa lithelekiswa nebanga lama-23 kukusebenzisa iinkcukacha ezilawulayo. I-chemistry efanayo ye-ELI ithengwa phantsi kwemigangatho eyahlukeneyo ngokuxhomekeke kwisicelo, kwaye ukwazi ukuba yeyiphi imigangatho eprintiweyo yakho ecacisayo kusombulula iingxoxo ezininzi.
| umgangatho | imathiriyeli | Ukusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo |
|---|---|---|
| I-ASTM F136 | Ibanga lama-23 ELI (R56401) | I-alloy eyenziwe ngotyando kunye nokufakelwa; ii-implants ezithwala umthwalo ezisisigxina |
| ISO 5832-3 | Ibanga lama-23 le-ELI | I-alternative yamazwe ngamazwe ekhankanyiweyo kwi-implant alloy ecaleni kwe-ASTM F136 |
| I-AMS 4930 / AMS 4931 | Ibanga lama-23 le-ELI | Ibha/izinto zokugquma/iiringi kunye neshiti/ipleyiti yeenqwelo-moya |
| I-ASTM F1472 | Ibanga lesi-5 (R56400) | Ukusetyenziswa ngotyando i-Ti-6Al-4V apho ikhemistri esemgangathweni (engeyiyo i-ELI) yamkelekile |
| I-AMS 4928 / AMS 4911 | Bakala 5 | Ibha yeenqwelo-moya kunye nephepha |
| I-ASTM B348 / B265 | Zombini iiklasi | Ibha/ibhilethi kunye nephepha/ipleyiti yorhwebo ngokubanzi |
Iinkcukacha ezintathu zibalulekile apha.
Okokuqala, i-ASTM F136 YINGUMBA we-ELI webanga lama-23. Xa umthengisi ecaphula u-“Ti-6Al-4V nge-ASTM F136 nganye,” loo nto ibizwa ngokuba yi-ELI ngokwenkcazo, kuba umgangatho ugubungela kuphela umgangatho ongaphantsi kakhulu. Ayilokhetho ngaphakathi komgangatho; ngumgangatho.
Okwesibini, i-ASTM F1472 yinkcazo yotyando kwikhemistri yebanga lesi-5 esemgangathweni. Ikho kuba ezinye izixhobo zonyango azidingi inqanaba le-ELI, kwaye siza kuyigubungela loo mahluko kwicandelo elilandelayo.
Okwesithathu, i-ASTM F136 ithwala iimfuno zenkqubo novavanyo ezinzima kuneenkcazo zorhwebo. Ifuna ukuphinda kabini okanye kathathu kwe-vacuum-arc-remelting (VAR), uvavanyo lwe-microcleanness ngokwe-ASTM F1440, kunye novavanyo lokudinwa, kunye nokulandeleka okupheleleyo kwiNgxelo yoVavanyo lweMill. I-AMS 4930 kunye ne-4931 zisebenzisa i-ELI chemistry efanayo kwi-aerospace bar, ii-forgings, iiringi, ishidi, kunye nepleyiti, ngoko ke abathengi be-aerospace kunye nabathengi bezonyango bahlala bethenga izinto ezifanayo phantsi kwamaphepha ahlukeneyo.
Kutheni i-ASTM F136 Grade 23 ifuneka kwiZityalo ezifakelweyo
Ukufakelwa kotyando okuhlala kuhleli, okuthwele umthwalo kulapho ibakala lama-23 lifumana khona udumo lwalo. Inxalenye yesinqe okanye idolo, intonga yomqolo okanye ikheji, ipleyiti yokwenzakala, okanye ukufakelwa kwamazinyo kufuneka kuphile izigidi zemijikelo yokulayisha ngaphakathi emzimbeni womntu ngaphandle kokusilela kokudinwa, kuba ukufakelwa okwaphukileyo kuthetha utyando lokuhlaziya.
I-ELI yeBanga lama-23 iyahlangabezana naloo mfuno kwiinkalo ezintathu:
- Umthamo wayo ophantsi weoksijini unika ukuqina kokuqhekeka kunye nokumelana nokudinwa okufunekayo kwimithwalo ye-cyclic.
- Umaleko wayo ozinzileyo we-titanium oxide unika ukumelana okuhle kokugqwala kulwelo lomzimba kunye nokukhululwa okuncinci kwe-metal-ion.
- Ukuhambelana kwayo nezinto eziphilayo kuxhasa i-osseointegration, inkqubo apho ithambo likhula khona kumphezulu we-implant.
Ngenxa yezi zizathu, i-ASTM F136 grade 23, ehambelana ne-ISO 5832-3 kwiimarike zamazwe ngamazwe, ngumgangatho wokhathalelo lwe-implants ezisisigxina. Abalawuli abafana ne-US FDA (21 CFR 888) kunye ne-EU MDR ngokubanzi baphatha i-standard grade 5 njengengafanelekanga kuloo ndima.
Oko akuthethi ukuba ibanga lesi-5 alinandawo kwizixhobo zonyango. I-ASTM F1472 igubungela ibanga lesi-5 le-Ti-6Al-4V ekusetyenzisweni ngotyando kwiindawo ezingathwali mithwalo okanye ezisetyenziswa okwethutyana: izixhobo zotyando, izixhobo zokufakelwa uvavanyo, izixhobo zokwahlukanisa, izixhobo zokuhlamba, kunye nezixhobo zokubopha zangaphandle. Kwezo zikhundla, amandla aphezulu kunye neendleko eziphantsi zebanga lesi-5 ziingenelo, kwaye akukho sixhobo sokufakelwa esisengozini.
Kwizixhobo zonyango ezingafakelwanga kwizixhobo zonyango, intsimbi engagqwaliyo yindlela efanelekileyo abathengi abaninzi abakhetha ngayo. Intsimbi engagqwaliyo ye-316 iyamelana nokugqwala kunye nokubulala iintsholongwane ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwinkonzo yotyando, idibanisa ngokulula, kwaye ixabisa iqhekeza elincinci le-titanium. I-DAPU inikezela ngeemveliso zentsimbi engagqwaliyo ezingama-316 kunye nemibhobho yentsimbi engagqwali egubungela uninzi lwezixhobo kunye nezixhobo. Gcina i-titanium kwiindawo ezifakelweyo apho kungekho nto inye eya kwenza.
Ibanga lama-23 kwiNkonzo yeCryogenic kunye ne-Aerospace
Umxholo ofanayo ophantsi we-interstitial okhusela ii-implants ukhusela neenxalenye kubushushu obuphantsi kakhulu, apho ibanga lesi-5 liba lukhetho olungalunganga.
Njengoko ubushushu busehla, i-standard grade 5 Ti-6Al-4V ilahlekelwa bubuchule bayo kwaye inokuqhekeka, ngokuyinxenye kuba umxholo wayo ophezulu we-oksijini ukhuthaza imvula ye-alpha-2 kwisakhiwo esincinci. I-Grade 23 ELI iyayiphepha loo ngxaki. I-oxygen yayo ephantsi igcina ukuqina kwayo ukuya kuthi ga kwi--253°C, ubushushu be-hydrogen engamanzi, kwaye igcina ngaphezulu kwe-90% yamandla ayo obushushu begumbi kufutshane ne--200°C. Yingakho iitanki ze-cryogenic propellant, imikhumbi yoxinzelelo, kunye nemibhobho yezithuthi zokuqalisa kunye ne-satellite propulsion zichazwe kwi-grade 23, kungekhona kwi-grade 5.
Inkqubo yokuqalisa imoto esisebenza nayo yafunda olu tshintshiselwano ngokuthe ngqo. Uyilo lwangaphambili lucaphule ibanga lesi-5 le-liner yetanki ye-oksijini engamanzi kuba izinto zazingabizi kakhulu kwaye amanani amandla ayefana. Uvavanyo lwe-Cryogenic lubonise ingxaki: i-liner yebanga lesi-5 yalahlekelwa yi-ductility kubushushu bokusebenza, kwaye umda wokuqina kokwaphuka wanyamalala.
Ubunjineli butshintshe i-liner ukuya kwi-ELI yebanga lama-23, kwaye uvavanyo lweziqinisekiso luphumelele ngomda wokuqina owawufuneka kuyilo. Isifundo besingekuko ukuba i-grade 5 yi-alloy embi. Yayikukuba i-grade 5 yi-alloy engalunganga xa imo yokusilela iqhekeka kancinci kwi--253°C.
Ngaphaya kwe-cryogenics, i-grade 23 ibonakala kwiindawo zeenqwelo-moya ezibalulekileyo eziqhekekileyo, kwiindawo zezixhobo zokufika, kwiindawo ezinkulu zokwakha, nakwiindawo zokubopha apho uyilo lunyamezela khona umonakalo, kungekhona amandla aphezulu. Abathengi beenqwelo-moya bayithenga kwi-AMS 4930 yebha kunye ne-AMS 4931 yeshiti kunye nepleyiti.
Ukuba ulinganisa i-titanium kwisinyithi okanye kwi-nickel alloys kwezi nkqubo, uthelekiso lwethu lwe-titanium vs i-stainless steel luchaza isizathu sokuba i-titanium idla ngokuba yeyona ndlela ilula yokufumana ukumelana nokugqwala kunye nokuqina kobushushu obuphantsi okufunekayo.
Ukwenziwa kweMishini, ukuWelda, kunye noKwenziwa kweZinto ezoNgezelelweyo
Ukwenziwa kwezinto akupheleli apho ibanga lesi-5 nebanga lama-23 zahlukene khona, kodwa umahluko ufanelekile ukuwazi ngaphambi kokuba ucaphule inxalenye.
Zombini ezi ntlobo zithathwa njengezinzima ukuzisebenzisa ngomatshini, zine-thermal conductivity ephantsi egxininisa ubushushu kumphetho ophambili kwaye zinotyekelo lokudumba. Ibanga lama-23 kulula kancinci ukulisika kunebanga lesi-5 kuba isakhiwo salo esicociweyo, esisezantsi-interstitial sithambile kancinci kwaye siyafana ngakumbi, nto leyo ethetha ukuncipha kokuguguleka kwezixhobo kunye nokugqitywa okungcono kancinci. Musa ukulindela umahluko omkhulu. Yenza uhlahlo-lwabiwo mali lokuseta okufanayo okuqinileyo, izixhobo ezibukhali, kunye noqeqesho lokupholisa kuzo zombini.
Kwi-welding, i-nitrogen kunye ne-hydrogen ephantsi ye-ELI grade iphucula i-weld sound, kwaye i-ELI-grade filler ERTi-23 (AWS A5.16, UNS R56401) isetyenziswa rhoqo nokuba i-welding grade 5 base material kwi-joints ezibalulekileyo. Umxholo ophantsi we-interstitial we-Grade 23 ukwanika ii-welded joints ukugcinwa ngcono kwe-ductility. Ukuze ufumane unyango olupheleleyo lwe-titanium welding, isikhokelo sethu se -titanium welding se-grade 2 vs grade 5 sigubungela ukukhethwa kwe-filler kunye nokukhusela ngokweenkcukacha.
Ukwenziwa kwezinto ezongezelelekileyo yindawo apho ibakala lama-23 likhokela ngokucacileyo. Umgubo we-ELI webanga lama-23 yeyona nto isetyenziswayo xa kuhlanganiswa umgubo we-laser yezonyango, kuba umgubo wokuqala one-oxygen ephantsi uguqulela ekubeni lukhuni ngakumbi, kwaye kuba izinto ezifakelweyo eziprintiweyo umaleko ngomnye nomnye zinobuthathaka kwi-porosity.
Izixhobo ze-ELI ezakhiwe njengoko zithwala uxinzelelo olushiyekileyo kunye noburhabaxa bomphezulu obuthintela ukudinwa, ngoko ke i-AM yezonyango idla ngokongeza ukucinezela okushushu kwe-isostatic (HIP) kunye nomatshini wokusika ukuze kuvalwe iimbobo kwaye kubuyiselwe ubomi bokudinwa. Umsebenzi ophononongwe ngontanga othelekisa i-ELI eyenziweyo neyakhiwe ngokudibeneyo kwi-hip implants uqinisekisa ukuba i-HIP kunye ne-post-machining zezona zinto zenza ukuba ii-implants eziprintiweyo zikhuphisane ngoomatshini. Ukuba inxalenye yakho ijoliswe kwiprinta yomatshini wokusika, chaza umgubo we-ELI webanga lama-23, hayi ibakala lesi-5.
Ixabiso: Ngaba iBanga lama-23 lifanelekile kwiPremiyamu?
Ibanga lama-23 libiza ngaphezulu, kwaye ixabiso leprimiyamu liyinyani. Cwangcisa malunga ne-15-40% ngaphezulu ngekhilogram kunebanga lesi-5, kunye neekowuteshini eziqhelekileyo ezifika kwi-20-30%, okanye malunga ne-$15-30/kg eyongezelelweyo kwisitokhwe sebha esiqhelekileyo ngo-2026. Umgubo we-ELI webanga lama-23 wokwenziwa kwezongezo unomda ofanayo.
Ixabiso elongezelelweyo alilophawu lokuthengisa. Ukugcina ioksijini ngaphantsi kwe-0.13% kufuna isiponji esicocekileyo, ulawulo oluqinileyo lokunyibilika, kunye nokuncibilika kwe-vacuum arc kabini okanye kathathu. Isiqinisekiso esingaphezulu songeza okungakumbi, kuba i-ASTM F136 kunye ne-AMS 4930/4931 zifuna uvavanyo olongezelelweyo kunye namaxwebhu apheleleyo okulandeleka angenawo i-ASTM B348 yorhwebo. Ubonelelo lukwanzima ngakumbi, kuba zimbalwa iifektri ezinesiqinisekiso se-ELI.
Zimbini izinto ezigcina iprimiyamu ikwindawo efanelekileyo. Kwinxalenye egqityiweyo, iprimiyamu yezinto ezibonakalayo iyancipha iye kwi-10-25%, kuba ixesha lomatshini kunye nokuguguleka kwezixhobo zilawula iindleko zenxalenye.
Iprimiyamu ikwafanele ukuhlawulwa kuphela xa uthenga into efunekayo kuyilo lwakho. Kwi-implant ebaluleke kakhulu ekudinweni, itanki ye-cryogenic, okanye ukufakwa kwenqwelo-moya okubaluleke kakhulu ekuqhekekeni, iprimiyamu yezinto ezingama-20-30% incinci xa ithelekiswa nexabiso lokusilela kwentsimi. Kwibracket yamanzi olwandle enokubola ngokubanzi engasoze ibone umthwalo ojikelezayo, ibanga lama-23 alizisi nzuzo ilinganisekayo, kwaye uhlawulela ikhemistri ongayi kuze uyisebenzise.
Uhlolo olugqithisileyo lweenkcukacha kwi-OEM esiyaziyo lufumene kanye loo nto. I-pump bracket echazwe kwi-grade 23 ELI yayisebenza ngendlela efanayo kwi-grade 5 emva kokuba imeko yokugqwala iphinde yajongwa, kwaye iswitshi yanciphisa ixabiso lezinto malunga nekota.
Apho ixabiso liyinto ethatha isigqibo kuzo zonke izinto, isikhokelo sethu seendleko ze-titanium vs intsimbi engatyiwayo kunye nothelekiso lweendleko ze-titanium zebanga lesi-2 vs ibanga lesi-5 zikunceda ugwebe i-titanium ngokuchasene nezinye iindlela.
Ngaba ucinga ngenye indlela engenasici yokusetyenziswa kwe-corrosion engafakwanga kwi-implant? I-DAPU ibonelela ngentsimbi engenasici kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo kunye neemveliso, kwaye iqela lethu linokukunceda uthelekise ixabiso lilonke ne-titanium kwiimeko zakho zenkonzo.
Ibanga lesi-5 vs iBanga lama-23 Titanium: Indlela yokukhetha
Ukukhetha phakathi kwebanga lesi-5 nebanga lama-23 kuxhomekeke kwindlela yokusilela oyila ngokuchasene nayo.
- Khetha ibakala lesi-5 (Ti-6Al-4V) xa uyilo lunamandla alinganiselweyo. Izakhiwo zeenqwelo-moya ngokubanzi, izibophelelo, izixhobo zaselwandle nezemizi-mveliso, kunye nezixhobo zonyango ezingafakelwanga zixhamla kumandla ayo aphezulu kunye neendleko eziphantsi. Ukuba le nxalenye isebenza phantse ukuba ivelise kodwa ayithwali izigidi zemijikelo yokudinwa, ibanga lesi-5 lixabiso eliphantsi.
- Khetha ibanga lama-23 (Ti-6Al-4V ELI) xa uyilo lulinganiselwe kumonakalo-ukunyamezelana. Ii-implants ezisisigxina zifuna i-ASTM F136 grade 23 ngokomthetho. Inkonzo ye-cryogenic, iindawo zeenqwelo-moya ezibalulekileyo ekuqhekekeni, kunye nezinto ezinqongopheleyo zokudinwa ziqinisekisa ixabiso eliphantsi kuba ukuqina kunye nokukhula kancinci kwee-crack zezona zinto ziqhuba uyilo.
- Xa ungaqinisekanga, landela umgangatho olawulayo. Ukuba ushicilelo lwakho lukhankanya i-ASTM F136, i-ISO 5832-3, i-AMS 4930, okanye i-AMS 4931, udinga i-ELI yebanga lama-23, kwaye akukho nto iya kwanelisa amaphepha. Ukuba lukhankanya i-ASTM F1472 okanye i-ASTM B348 yorhwebo ngaphandle kwemfuneko ye-ELI, ibanga lesi-5 lelona candelo licetywayo.
Ngaphambi kokuba u-odole, qinisekisa inqanaba kwiNgxelo yoVavanyo lweMill. Igama le-alloy alingqinelani. Ioksijini kufuneka ibe kwi-0.13% okanye ngaphantsi, i-iron ibe kwi-0.25% okanye ngaphantsi, kwaye umgangatho kunye nohlaziyo kufuneka zihambelane noshicilelo lwakho. Imizuzu embalwa yokuqinisekiswa ekuthengeni ithintela uhlobo lobushushu obungafunwayo obubanjwe yinjineli yethu yokufakelwa komgogodla xa ihlolwa.
Imibuzo ebuzwa qho
Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-titanium yebanga lesi-5 kunye ne-titanium yebanga lama-23?
Ibanga lesi-5 (Ti-6Al-4V) kunye nebanga lesi-23 (Ti-6Al-4V ELI) zi-alloy ezifanayo ze-alpha-beta ezinemida eqinileyo ye-interstitial kwibanga lama-23. Ibanga lama-23 ligubungela ioksijini kwi-0.13% (vs 0.20% kwibanga lesi-5) kunye ne-iron kwi-0.25% (vs 0.40%), nto leyo ephakamisa ukuqina kokuqhekeka, ubomi bokudinwa, kunye nokuguquguquka kwe-cryogenic ngelixa inciphisa amandla angaguqukiyo.
Ingaba i-titanium yebanga lama-23 iyafana ne-Ti-6Al-4V ELI?
Ewe. I-Ti-6Al-4V ELI (Extra Low Interstitial) ligama elisemthethweni le-titanium yebanga lama-23, i-UNS R56401. Ibanga lesi-5 yi-Ti-6Al-4V eqhelekileyo, i-UNS R56400. Ezi zimbini zabelana ngekhemistri eqhelekileyo kodwa zahlukile kwimida yokungcola kwe-interstitial.
Ngaba i-titanium yebanga lesi-23 inamandla kune-grade 5?
Hayi. Ibanga lesi-5 linamandla kancinci, malunga ne-895 MPa ubuncinci bokutsalwa kunye ne-828 MPa ubuncinci bokuyila (okufakwe i-annealed), xa kuthelekiswa malunga ne-860 MPa kunye ne-795 MPa kwibanga lama-23. Ibanga lama-23 lirhweba ngabom malunga ne-4% yamandla angashukumiyo ukuze libe namandla aphezulu okuqhekeka, ukuguguleka, kunye nokumelana nokudinwa.
Ithetha ukuthini i-ELI kwi-titanium?
I-ELI ithetha i-Extra Low Interstitial. Ibhekisa kwimida eqinileyo kakhulu kwizinto ze-interstitial ioksijini, initrogen, ikhabhoni, kunye nehydrogen, kunye nesinyithi. I-interstitials ezisezantsi, ingakumbi ioksijini, ziphucula ukuqina kokuqhekeka kunye nokumelana nokudinwa ngexabiso elincinci lamandla.
Ingaba i-titanium yebanga lesi-5 iyamkeleka kwii-implants zotyando?
Kwiimplants ezithwala umthwalo ezisisigxina, hayi. Ezo zifuna i-ELI ukuya kwi-ASTM F136 yebanga lama-23 (okanye i-ISO 5832-3). Ibanga lesi-5 ukuya kwi-ASTM F1472 liyamkeleka kwizixhobo zonyango ezingathwali mthwalo nezexeshana ezifana nezixhobo, iiimplants zovavanyo, ii-spacers, kunye nezixhobo zokulungisa zangaphandle.
Yintoni i-ASTM F136 titanium?
I-ASTM F136 yinkcazo ye-alloy yotyando lwe-Ti-6Al-4V ELI (grade 23) oluyi-surgical-implant, i-UNS R56401. Ngenxa yokuba umgangatho ugubungela kuphela ikhemistri ye-ELI, i-“Ti-6Al-4V nganye ye-ASTM F136” isoloko ithetha ibanga lama-23.
Ngaba i-titanium yebanga lesi-5 ingasetyenziswa kwinkonzo ye-cryogenic?
Ibanga lesi-5 eliqhelekileyo liyabhidlika xa kushushu kwaye ngokubanzi alichazwanga kuloo nkonzo. Ibanga lesi-23 ELI ligcina ukuqina ukuya kuthi ga kwi -253°C (i-hydrogen engamanzi) kwaye lolona didi lusetyenziswa kwiitanki ze-cryogenic, imithambo yoxinzelelo, kunye nemibhobho.
Kutheni iBanga lama-23 lisetyenziselwa ukufakelwa kwezonyango?
I-ELI yeBanga lama-23 inika ukumelana nokudinwa, ukuqina kokuqhekeka, kunye nokuhambelana kwezinto eziphilayo okufunekayo ziimplants ezisisigxina ukuze ziphile izigidi zemijikelo yokulayisha kwi-vivo. Umaleko wayo we-oxide ozinzileyo umelana nokugqwala kulwelo lomzimba, kwaye i-ASTM F136 iyenza ibe yinkcazo efunekayo yeimplants.
Ixabisa malini i-titanium yebanga lama-23 kune-titanium yebanga lesi-5?
Ibanga lama-23 lidla ngokubiza ngaphezulu nge-15-40% ngekhilogram kunebanga lesi-5, uninzi lweekowuteshini luyi-20-30% (malunga ne-$15-30/kg ngaphezulu kwi-common bar). Iprimiyamu yenxalenye egqityiweyo incinci, malunga ne-10-25%, kuba iindleko zomatshini wokugaya ziphezulu.
Ngaba intsimbi engagqwaliyo ingathatha indawo ye-titanium yebanga lama-23 kwizixhobo zonyango?
Kwizixhobo zonyango ezingafakwanga kwi-implant, rhoqo kunjalo. Intsimbi engagqwaliyo ye-316/316L imelana nokugqwala kunye nokubulala iintsholongwane nge-autoclave, idibanisa ngokulula, kwaye ixabisa kancinci kakhulu kune-titanium. Izinto ezifakwe kwi-implant ezifuna i-ASTM F136 grade 23 titanium azinakutshintshwa nge-stainless.
isiphelo
I-titanium yeBanga lesi-5 vs i-titanium yeBanga lama-23 ayilokhuphiswano phakathi kwe-alloy elungileyo nengcono. Zombini ziyi-Ti-6Al-4V. Umahluko uphela yi-interstitial chemistry: i-grade 23 igcina ioksijini ukuya kwi-0.13% kunye ne-iron ukuya kwi-0.25%, irhweba malunga ne-4% yamandla amileyo ukuze kubekho ukuqina okungcono kakhulu kokuqhekeka, ubomi bokudinwa, kunye nokuguquguquka kwe-cryogenic.
Isakhelo sesigqibo silula. Cacisa ibanga lesi-5 xa amandla aphezulu kunye nomthetho weendleko, kwaye inxalenye ayibalulekanga ngokudinwa, ayifakwanga, okanye ayibonakalisi mvakalelo. Cacisa ibanga lama-23 ELI xa umgangatho olawulayo ufuna njalo, nto leyo efana nokufakelwa okusisigxina phantsi kwe-ASTM F136, kwinkonzo ye-cryogenic, nakwiindawo zeenqwelo-moya ezibalulekileyo eziqhekekileyo ezithengwe kwi-AMS 4930 okanye kwi-4931. Qinisekisa iNgxelo yoVavanyo lweMill ngaphambi kokuba wamkele ukuhanjiswa, kuba igama le-alloy lodwa alikaze liqinisekise ibanga.
Ukuze ufumane uncedo ekukhetheni izinto ezifanelekileyo kwiprojekthi yakho, nxibelelana noLIANYUNGANG DAPU METAL ukuze ufumane isikhokelo sokukhetha izinto okanye ucele ikowuteshini . Ukuba isicelo sakho siqhutywa kukugqwala endaweni yokudinwa, iinjineli zethu zinokukunceda ulinganise ezinye iindlela zentsimbi engagqwaliyo ezigubungela uninzi lweenkonzo zoshishino kunye nezixhobo ngexabiso eliphantsi kunele-titanium.
