Molo, kwaye wamkelekile kwi-'Metal Insights'. Namhlanje, sithatha uhambo kwaye sifumanise iinyani ezingaqhelekanga nezinokuthi zimangaliseke kwicandelo lesinyithi. Ukususela oko badibana nentsimbi, amadoda aqhubekile nendaleko yawo kunye nokutyebisa inkcubeko ngokwenza izixhobo zentsimbi kunye nokuqhubela phambili ekuphuhliseni ukwakhiwa kunye nobuchwepheshe obuphezulu. Kule bhlog, sifuna ukugxila kwimiba yesinyithi engathandekiyo kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo ingaziwa kangako. Siza kuxoxa ngembali yesinyithi, iimpawu zazo kunye namaxesha aguqule ukusetyenziswa kwazo. Nokuba uyintsimbi kunye ne-metallurgy geek okanye umntu nje onomdla kwihlabathi elikujikelezileyo, uya kulifumana eli nqaku lifundisa kwaye linokuqonda. Ke ngaphandle kokuchitha ixesha elininzi, makhe simise iiseyile ezisingise kwindalo yonke yesinyithi.
Yintoni Ebangela umdla Metal Facts?
Ngaba unokuxela ukuba zingaphi na izinto ezili-118 kwitheyibhile yeperiodic eziziintsimbi?
Inani elikhulu lezinto ezikwitheyibhile yeperiodikhi zizinyithi kuphela, kungoko kukho izinto ezili-118, kuzo ezingama-91 zihlelwa njengesinyithi. Ezi zinyithi zihlelwa njengeentsimbi zealkali, iintsimbi zomhlaba zealkaline, iintsimbi eziguqukayo, kunye neentsimbi zotshintsho lwesithuba, phakathi kwezinye, nganye ineempawu ezahlukeneyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo.
Kutheni le nto iziqwenga ezibini zentsimbi engafakwanga zidibana?
Ukubamba iziqwenga ezibini zentsimbi ezingagqunywanga kunokubangela ukuba zibambelele ngenxa yoko kwaziwa ngokuba kukuwelda okubandayo. Oku kudityaniswa kwenzeka kwindawo okanye kwindawo yokufunxa apho umphezulu wesinyithi ungenawo ifilimu ene-oxidizing ene-oxidized enokuthintela ukukrazuka komphezulu wayo. Xa ukuzibophelela kwenzeka ngokungabikho umaleko oxidized apho self-bonding kwenzeka, imiphezulu metal ecocekileyo batsaleleke kakhulu omnye komnye kunye nezakhiwo zabo atomic mesh.
Zeziphi Ezi Ziinyithi Zisixhenxe Zaziwayo?
Zonke iimpucuko zamandulo zazisele zikwazi ukusebenzisa iintsimbi ezisixhenxe ebomini bazo: igolide, isilivere, ubhedu, intsimbi, ilothe, itin kunye nemercury. Nganye kwezi zinyithi yayinezicelo ezizodwa kwaye yabumba ukukhula kobuchwepheshe kunye noluntu. Iingqekembe zemali, izixhobo, ubugcisa, kunye nealchemy, umzekelo, zonke zenziwa zaba nokwenzeka ngoncedo lwesinyithi ngasinye, kwaye ngenxa yoko, ukubaluleka kwazo kwanwenwela kuluntu lonke.
Kutheni steel Ibaluleke Kangaka?
Zeziphi iiPropathi eziPhambili zentsimbi?
Yintsimbi ebaluleke kakhulu ngenxa yeempawu zayo eziluncedo ezinjengokuqina kokuqina, ukuqina, ukonakala kunye neendleko ezifanelekileyo. Ezi zakhiwo zezona zinto zenza intsimbi ibe yinto efanelekileyo yokusetyenziswa ekwakhiweni, kwimveliso, kumashishini eemoto, phakathi kwamanye amashishini amaninzi aqhelekileyo. Amandla ayo okusetyenziswa kwakhona kwaye ngaphandle kokuthotywa komgangatho inokubonwa njengenye yezizathu eziphambili zokusetyenziswa kwayo ngokubanzi kunye nokubaluleka kwimisebenzi yendalo.
Isetyenziswa Njani iSsimbi?
Ukurisayiklishwa kwentsimbi kubandakanya ukuqokelela kunye nokuhlelwa kwesinyithi esilahliweyo, ukunyibilikisa isinyithi esilahliweyo kwiziko kunye nokujula imveliso enyityilisiweyo kwiimo okanye iimo ezintsha. Olu buchule lugcina kwizinto eziluhlaza kunye namandla kwaye lunokwenziwa ngokungapheliyo ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa kwekhwalithi kwintsimbi, ngaloo ndlela iyenza ibe yinto ehambelana nokusingqongileyo.
Yintoni eya kuba ngumahluko ophambili phakathi kwentsimbi kunye nentsimbi?
Owona mahluko uphawuleka kakhulu phakathi kwentsimbi kunye nentsimbi mhlawumbi ingamandla, iyantlukwano, kunye nokuqina ekusetyenzisweni. Kungakhathaliseki ukubaluleka kwembali yokusetyenziswa kwesinyithi, kunokuchazwa ukuba yayiyi-alloy yensimbi engaphantsi. Isinyithi sinokuhlelwa njenge-iron-carbon alloy kwaye yaziwa ngokuba neempawu ezongeziweyo. Intsimbi ithathwa njengeyona yomelele kuneyona ntsimbi isulungekileyo, inokuthenjwa, kwaye ichaphazeleka kancinci kukuhlwa. Ngokubhekiselele kwikhabhoni kunye nezinye izinto ezidibanisayo, ubukho bazo bubonelela ngoluhlu lwezicelo zobunjineli apho intsimbi ayinakuze ihambelane nentsimbi njengoko intsimbi iguquguquka kakhulu kunentsimbi xa isiza kulwakhiwo kunye nosetyenziso lweshishini.
Zeziphi Ezona Zixabisekileyo Metals?
Yintoni Eyenza Igolide Ixabiseke Kangaka?
Isizathu sokuba luncedo kwegolide kukunqongophala, ukudumba, kunye nomsebenzi wayo wekhemikhali owugcina ungonakali okanye uguge ngokuhamba kwexesha. Igolide ibisoloko ihlonitshwa ngobuhle bayo obahlukileyo kunye nokubengezela kwayo kwaye isoloko isetyenziselwa ukubonisa ubutyebi namandla. Ngaphaya koko, ukongeza kubuhle bayo bomzimba, intsimbi iluncedo kakhulu kubucwebe, kwizinto zombane, kunye nokuthembeka kwayo kwihlabathi jikelele njengemali kunye ne-asethi.
Yintoni Uphawu Olulodwa lwePlatinam?
IPlatinam ithathwa njengekhethekileyo ngenxa yoxinaniso oluphezulu, ukonakala, kunye nokumelana nomhlwa kunye nokuhanjiswa okuphezulu okuyenza ixabiseke kusetyenziso lwemizi-mveliso. Inqabile kunegolide, kwaye iqhele ukufunyanwa kwizacholo, iziguquli zemoto, kunye nezixhobo zombane ezahlukeneyo. Ukuchasana kwePlatinum kumaqondo okushisa aphezulu kunye neempawu ezizinzileyo kwiimeko ezinzima kwandisa ukufunwa kwayo kwiinjongo ezithile zobuchwepheshe.
Ngaba iSilivere luTyalo-mali oluLungileyo?
Impendulo nguewe. Isilivere ilula ukuyifumana, kulula ukutyala imali kuyo, kwaye inosetyenziso oluninzi kwimizi-mveliso. Njengegolide, isebenza njengothango lokunyuka kwamaxabiso kunye nokuguquguquka kwintengiso, kodwa ilunge ngakumbi kubatyali-mali abancinci. Ngapha koko, ukwanda kokusetyenziswa kwesilivere kwizinto zombane, iipaneli zelanga, kunye nezixhobo zonyango kunceda ukugcina ixabiso layo ngokuhamba kwexesha.
Ingaba kwenzeka njani Ukubumba kwentsimbi Umsebenzi?
Yintoni iNkqubo yokwenziwa kweMetal?
Ukwenziwa kwesinyithi, nangona kunjalo, kudityaniswe nezigaba ezi-3 eziphambili - inkqubo yokusika, uhlaziyo olugobayo kunye nenqanaba elinye apho amacandelo ahlukeneyo olwakhiwo adityaniswa ngokudityaniswa. Ukusika kukucheba okanye umsebenzi wokusarha apho iintsimbi ezichongiweyo zimiliselwe ngokwemilinganiselo efunekayo kwaye ukugoba, umzekelo, yinkqubo ebandakanya ukusetyenziswa kweziqhoboshi zokucinezela ukubunjwa ngokutsha kwesoya. Ekugqibeleni, ngokubhekiselele ekuhlanganiseni, icandelo ngalinye lesinyithi liboshwe kwaye lihlonyelwe nge-welding, riveting okanye i-fastening ukwenzela ukufumana imveliso egqityiweyo. Ezo nkqubo azisebenzi nje kuphela kodwa ziya kufuna abasebenzi abaqeqeshwe kakuhle kunye noomatshini abachanekileyo bokwenziwa komsebenzi wentsimbi ukuze kwenziwe ngokufanelekileyo.
Yeyiphi indima edlalwa yi-Welding kwiMetal Fabrication?
I-Metal component joining, eyenziwa nge-welding, iyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokwenziwa kwesinyithi. Ivumela ukuxutywa kweengxenye zetsimbi kunye nokudala amajoyina aqinileyo kunye nexesha elide phakathi kwezinye izicelo. Iindlela ezahlukeneyo ezifana ne-MIG, i-TIG, okanye i-welding stick, ziyafumaneka, kwaye enye isetyenzisiweyo imiselwa luhlobo lwesinyithi kunye neemfuno zemveliso yokugqibela. Inkqubo ayincedi kuphela ekugcineni amandla kunye nokuzinza kwendibano kodwa iphucula ukusetyenziswa kwayo ngokoyilo olufunwayo.
Yintoni iBaluleko yeAluminiyam kwiFabrication?
Ngenxa yobunzima bayo, ukuxhathisa ukubola, kunye nomlinganiselo omkhulu wokuqina kobunzima, i-aluminiyam inezicelo ezininzi kwiinkqubo zokwenziwa. Ezo mpawu zivumela ukuba zisetyenziselwe izicelo ezithile ezifuna amandla kodwa hayi ubunzima obuninzi, njengoko kunjalo kushishino lweemoto kunye ne-aerospace. Ukongeza, i-aluminiyam ithambile ngokwentelekiso isenza kube lula ukuyisika, ukugoba kunye nokumila kwanezona milo zintsonkothileyo ezithi zinyuse ukusebenza kwayo kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokwenziwa.
Zivela phi iiNzuzo zokusiNgqongileyo Isinyithi Isikram Ukurisayikilisha?
Agcinwa Njani Amandla Embulelo KwimiSebenzi Yokurisayikilisha?
Iinkqubo zokwenziwa kwemveliso nazo zibangela ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kwaye ukurisayikilishwa kwakhona kuthintela ezo nkqubo. Ukusetyenziswa kwesinyithi esilahliweyo ekwenzeni iimveliso ze-aluminium kuvumela ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kuncitshiswe. Kuboniswa ukuba ngokufumana kwakhona isinyithi se-aluminiyam kwinkunkuma ngaphezu kwe-95% amandla asetyenzisiweyo xa kuthelekiswa nokunyibilikisa i-aluminium ores ebizwa ngokuba yi-bauxite. Oku kwehliswa kokusetyenziswa kwamandla kuyinyani nakwezinye iintsimbi kunye nemathiriyeli ngexesha lenkqubo yokurisayikilisha kwakhona, nto leyo ekhokelela kukhutso oluphantsi olusuka kumashishini okuvelisa, kunye negesi encinci ye-greenhouse eveliswayo.
Ziziphi iimpembelelo zokusiNgqongileyo zeMetal Scrap?
Iimpembelelo zokusingqongileyo zokurisayikilisha isinyithi esilahliweyo zonke zilungile, njengoko zikhokelela ekuncitshisweni kwenkunkuma kunye nongcoliseko, kwaye zilondoloza ubutyebi bendalo. Ukurisayikilishwa kwesinyithi kunciphisa isidingo semathiriyeli ekrwada emitsha kunye nekhutshiweyo ngoko kunceda ukunqanda ukuthotywa kokusingqongileyo. Ngaphezu koko, iinkqubo zokurisayikilisha zinceda ekwehliseni usetyenziso lwamandla, zivumela, ngokulandelayo, ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwegreenhouse kunye nemo engqongileyo engcono iyonke.
ZizaKuphuculwa Njani iiReyiyithi zokuSebenza kwakhona kwesinyithi?
Ukuze kunyuswe amaxabiso okurisayikilishwa kwesinyithi, ukwandisa uthatho-nxaxheba loluntu ngokwazisa kunye nokufundisa ngokubaluleka kokurisayikilishwa kusisiseko. Ukuba iinkqubo zokurisayikilisha kunye nezibonelelo zenziwe zalula kwaye zifikeleleke, abantu abaninzi bayakuthatha inxaxheba. Kwakhona, ukunika inkuthazo efana nezikim zembuyekezo yediphozithi kunokunceda abantu kunye namashishini ukuba abe ngabahlaziyi abasebenzayo. Ngaphezu koko, ukuqinisa imimiselo efanelekileyo kunye nemilinganiselo yomgaqo-nkqubo exhasa iiprojekthi zokurisayikilisha kunye nokuphucula uphando kunye nobuchwepheshe obujoliswe ekuphuhliseni kunye okanye ekuphuculeni iinkqubo zokurisayikilisha kunokunceda ekuphuculeni amaxabiso okurisayikilisha kakhulu.
Imithombo yolwazi
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20 Iinyaniso ezinomdla malunga neMetal – Zonke Metals Fabrication
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I-10 Inyaniso enomdla malunga neeMetals wonke umntu kufuneka azi – Iivenkile ezinkulu zesinyithi
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Ezinye iiPropati ezinomdla zeMetal ezivalelwe kwiXesha nakwiNanometer Space – ACS Publications
Imibuzo ebuzwa rhoqo (FAQs)
Umbuzo: Ziziphi iinyani ezinomdla malunga nentsimbi?
A: Iintsimbi zithatha ingqalelo eyifaneleyo ngenxa yokwahluka kwazo okukhulu. Iinyani ezili-10 apha: Iintsimbi zenza ilizwi elikhulu loMmandla oPhezulu womhlaba, i-syhet steel kunye ne-iron composites zifumaneka kwintabalala. ITungsten ineyona ndawo iphezulu yokunyibilika. Nangona isinyithi esinje ngentsimbi yeengcango kunye neentsimbi zokuphatha kusithiwa zichasene ne-antibacterial, ezi nazo zinokubonisa ubutyhefu ngeendlela ezithile. Umgama phakathi kwe-Eiffel Tower kunye nomhlaba wonyuka ngee-intshi ezi-6 ehlotyeni ngenxa yokwandiswa kwesinyithi kwesakhiwo.
Umbuzo: Yeyiphi intsimbi ekhoyo kwixabiso elikhulu kuqweqwe?
A: Impendulo kuloo nto yi-aluminium njengoko inobuninzi obuphezulu xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iintsimbi. Ikhaphukhaphu, yomelele kwaye ifumana izicelo ezininzi ukusuka ekhitshini esongayo ukuya kwimveliso yenqwelomoya.
Umbuzo: Kutheni isinyithi singekho njengolwelo kumphezulu womhlaba ngokwendalo?
IMPENDULO: Kuyinyani ukuba intsimbi inokufumaneka emhlabeni ikwimo ethile okanye enye kodwa ngenxa yokunyibilika nokubila kwayo, uninzi lwayo lufumaneka kwindawo eqinileyo. Iintsimbi ezingamanzi azisoloko zikho kwimekyuri.
Umbuzo: I-atmosfera idibana njani nesinyithi?
IMPENDULO: I-atmosfera ibonelela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo apho isinyithi sichaphazeleka khona kangangokuba kubekho ingubo ye-oxidation kwisinyithi enokunceda ukunciphisa umhlwa okanye kwezinye iimeko ezikhokelela kuphuhliso lomhlwa okanye ukonakala ngokuxhomekeke kwisinyithi.
Umbuzo: Zeziphi iintsimbi ezinokubizwa ngokuba ziimagnethi?
A: Iintsimbi ezimbalwa kukholelwa ukuba zinozibuthe njenge-Iron, nickel kunye ne-cobalt, ezinye iintsimbi eziqhelekileyo ezifana ne-aluminiyam kunye nobhedu azinapropathi yamagnetic.
Umbuzo: Ngaba kukho nayiphi na impembelelo yentsimbi ekuphakameni kwezakhiwo ezifana ne-Eiffel Towers?
A: Ngenxa yokwanda kwe-thermal, intsimbi kunye nentsimbi ziyanda kumaqondo obushushu ashushu nto leyo ebangela ukuba izakhiwo ezifana ne-Eiffel Tower zinwenwele malunga nee-intshi ezintandathu ehlotyeni.
Umbuzo: Ngaba kukho naziphi na iindlela apho iintsimbi ezimbini zinokubambeka ngonaphakade?
A: Kukho iindlela ezifana ne-welding, apho isinyithi sinyibilika kwaye sinamathele kunye, ezinokudibanisa isinyithi kunye ngokusisigxina.
Umbuzo: Chaza ukuba zisetyenziswa njani iintsimbi kusetyenziso lombane?
A: Ukusetyenziswa kwesinyithi kwizicelo zombane kubaluleke kakhulu njengoko isinyithi sinokuhanjiswa kakuhle. Ubhedu kunye ne-aluminiyam ziintsimbi ezisetyenziselwa iintambo kunye namalungu ombane.
Umbuzo: Kuqhelekile ukuba iingcango zibe nenkqonkqozo eyenziwe ngobhedu ngelixa i-handrail ikwayinto efanayo. Yintoni ekhethekileyo malunga nezinto ezenziwe ngobhedu ezingenazo ezinye isinyithi ezinokuba nefuthe elifanayo?
IMPENDULO: Amaqhosha engcango obhedu kunye neentsimbi zezandla zikwayi-antibacterial kuba i-antibacterial ngokwendalo kwaye oku kubalulekile ngokukodwa kwiindawo apho ucoceko lufuneka khona.
