I-Austenitic Stainless Steel: IsiKhokelo esiPheleleyo ukuya kumaBanga angama-300 weCandelo

I-Austenitic steel stainless steel, ngakumbi uthotho lwamabakala angama-300, yenye yezona klasi zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwintsimbi engatyiwayo ngenxa yendibaniselwano ebalaseleyo yamandla, ukuqina, kunye nokumelana nomhlwa. Ezi alloys, ezibonakaliswe kumxholo we-chromium ephezulu kunye ne-nickel, zisetyenziswa kakhulu kuwo wonke amashishini amaninzi, kubandakanywa ukusetyenzwa kweekhemikhali, ukuveliswa kokutya kunye nesiselo, kunye nokwakhiwa, ngenxa yokuguquguquka okuphawulekayo kunye nokusebenza phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo. Esi sikhokelo sibonelela ngophononongo olubanzi lwamabakala angama-300 othotho, olugubungela iipropati zawo ezizodwa, usetyenziso, kunye neempawu zesinyithi. Ngokuphonononga iinkalo ezisisiseko zezi zinsimbi ezingenasici, sijonge ukuxhobisa iingcali kunye nabanomdla ngokufanayo ngolwazi oluyimfuneko ukwenza izigqibo ezinolwazi malunga nokukhetha izixhobo ezifanelekileyo kwiimeko zabo ezithile.

Ziziphi iimpawu eziphambili ze-austenitic stainless steel?

Ukumelana nokubola kunye nokuqina

Ukuxhathisa ukubola kunye nokuqina kweentsimbi ezingenasici zifaneleke ngokufanelekileyo ukusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezibuhlungu, ngokukodwa uchungechunge lwe-300. Umxholo wechromium (16-26%) unceda ukwenza umaleko we-oxide we-passive omelana kakhulu ne-oxidation kunye nokwehla ngakumbi. Ubukho be-nickel (8-12%) buphakamisa ukuxhathisa kwe-alloys kwi-acidic kunye ne-chloride-laden. Ingxubevange efana ne-316 kunye ne-316 L iphuculwe ngakumbi amanqanaba entsimbi anganyangekiyo kunye ne-molybdenum eyongeziweyo (2-3%) ezenza ukuba zifaneleke kakhulu kwimo engqongileyo yaselwandle okanye iikhemikhali ezinobundlobongela njengesulfuric okanye i-hydrochloric acid.

• I-PREN (I-Pitting Resistance Number Equivalent): Amanani e-PREN abonisa ukunyuka ukusuka kwi-18 kwi-304 ukuya kwi-22 ye-316, ukuchasana okuphuculweyo kubonisa ukuchasana okungcono kwi-pitting yendawo kwizinto ze-chloride.
• Obona bushushu benkonzo: Iintsimbi ze-Austenitic stainless ziyakwazi ukusinda kumaqondo okushisa phakathi kwe-870-925 ° C (1600-1697 ° F) kwiindawo ezine-oxidative.
• I-CPT (Iqondo lobushushu eliBalulekileyo): Enkulu ukuba 304, 316 has CPT malunga 50 ° C (122 ° F).

Ezi zakhiwo zivumela i-austenitic stainless steels ukuba isebenze kakuhle kwizicelo ezifunwayo ezifana nokusetyenzwa kweekhemikhali, ukuphatha ukutya, izixhobo zonyango, kunye nokwakhiwa kwiindawo eziselunxwemeni okanye kwimizi-mveliso. Ukwahluka kwekhabhoni ephantsi kwe-alloy efana ne-304L okanye i-316L yokwandisa ngakumbi ukusetyenziswa kwexesha elide kwezi zinsimbi ezingenasici ze-austenitic ngokunciphisa amathuba okuba ne-intergranular corrosion.

Ukumelana nobushushu kunye neempawu zokushisa

I-Austenitic steel stainless ineempawu zokuxhathisa ubushushu, ezenza zibe luncedo kwiindawo ezinobushushu obuphezulu. AmaBanga 304 kunye nama-316 ayakwazi ukumelana namaqondo obushushu amalunga nama-870 °C (1598 °F) kunye nokuba sesichengeni ngokuqhubekayo ukuya kuma-925 °C (1697°F). Nangona kunjalo, amandla e-thermal ayehla njengoko ubushushu bukhuphuka.

Iiparamitha eziphambili eziphembelela ukuxhathisa ubushushu yichromium kunye nomxholo wenickel, ezenza iileya ezikhuselayo ze-oxide ukunciphisa ukukala. Ngokomzekelo, i-316 insimbi engenasici inomxholo ophezulu we-molybdenum, ophucula ukuzinza kwayo kwe-oxidative, kunye namandla obushushu bokusebenza okuphuculweyo kwiimeko zobushushu obuphezulu.

Amaxabiso e-Austenitic steel stainless steel thermal conductivity angaphantsi kunezinye isinyithi, i-Mere 16.2 W / m · K (kwi-100 ° C kwibakala le-304). I-Coefficients yokwandiswa kwelinye icala malunga ne-17.2 um / m · K (kwi-20-100 ° C ye-304 grade). Oku kuthetha ukuba ukwandiswa kwe-thermal kufuneka kuqwalaselwe kwakhona kuyilo olubalelwa kuluhlu olubanzi lobushushu.

Oku kukusebenza kwesiqinisekiso kumashishini afana nezixhobo zokutshintshisa ubushushu, amacandelo eziko, okanye izixhobo zamandla enyukliya ezifuna uzinzo oluphezulu lobushushu. Kubalulekile ukukhetha izinto ezifanelekileyo, kunye nokuchaza ngokweenkcukacha iimeko zokusebenza ukwenzela ukuba ubomi babo benkonzo kwiindawo ezishushu bude kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

Ngawaphi amabakala aqhelekileyo e-austenitic stainless steel?

I-304 kunye ne-304L yensimbi engenasici: Ukuqulunqwa kunye nokusetyenziswa

I-304 kunye ne-304L amabakala ensimbi engenasici awona mabakala e-austenitic asetyenziswa kakhulu ngenxa yobuninzi bokusetyenziswa kunye nokuchasana nokubola. La mabanga aqulunqwe ikakhulu ngentsimbi kwaye aqulethe i-18-20% yechromium kunye ne-8-12% ye-nickel. Ukwahlula okuphambili phakathi kweentsimbi ezimbini yimali yekhabhoni ekhoyo, apho i-304L ibandakanya ixabiso elincinci lekhabhoni kune-304, enobuninzi be-0.08% yekhabhoni xa kuthelekiswa ne-0.03% kwi-304L. Le khabhoni encitshisiweyo kwi-304L yenza kube ngcono kwizicelo ze-welding njengoko inceda intsimbi ukuxhathisa uvakalelo kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kwe-welding.

• Ukuxhathisa ukonakala: Oku kuxhathisa ngokufanelekileyo kwi-oxidation kunye nokubola kokusingqongileyo, ngakumbi kwizisombululo ezineasidi epholileyo kunye ne-chloride. I-304L ayichaphazeleki kancinci kwi-intergranular corrosion ngenxa yomxholo wekhabhoni ephantsi.
• Amandla Amandla: Kuwo omabini amabanga, uqikelelo lwamandla e-tensile angama-515 MPa (75 ksi) alindelekile.
• Unikeze Amandla: I-304 inamandla esivuno malunga ne-205 MPa (30 ksi). I-304L inamandla emveliso esezantsi kancinci ngenxa yamandla esivuno esisezantsi sokwakheka okulungisiweyo.
• Obona bushushu bokusebenza: Ukusetyenziswa ngamaxesha athile, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-870 ° C (1600 ° F), kunye nokusetyenziswa ngokuqhubekayo, i-925 ° C (1697 ° F).
• Ubungakanani: Malunga ne 8.0 g/cm³.
• Ubude (kwi-50 mm): ~ 40% ubuncinci, ebonisa ukuductility okuhle kakhulu.

I-304 insimbi engenasici isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwizinto ezifana nezixhobo zasekhitshini kunye nefenitshala ngenxa yokwenziwa kwayo eyomeleleyo kunye nenkangeleko entle. I-304L, kwelinye icala, i-weldability engcono kune-304 kwaye isetyenziswa kwiitanki, iinqanawa, kunye neenkqubo zemibhobho ngelixa ingaphantsi kobuthathaka kwi-corrosion. Ukudinwa kwekhabhoni kuhlala kuyinkxalabo xa iindawo zingakhethwanga ngononophelo. Ungakhathazeki, ukuwelda akukho nasemva kwemisebenzi enjalo.

Omabini amabanga ahambelana neemeko ezinzima malunga namandla. Ezi ziquka i-ASTM A240 kwaye zinezisombululo ezingenakulinganiswa kumashishini afuna imathiriyeli eyomeleleyo ekwaziyo ukumelana nomhlwa. Ukhetho phakathi kwe-304 kunye ne-304L lwenziwe lula ngenxa yeemfuno zokusebenza ezahlukeneyo, ngakumbi ngokuchasene nee-arhente ezitshabalalisayo.

Amanye amanqaku abalulekileyo angama-300

Uluhlu lwe-stainless steel 300 lubandakanya iimpawu ezahlukeneyo ezenza ukuba zilungele amashishini ahlukeneyo. Ukuqaphela, amabanga 310, 317, kunye nama-347 aphume izandla kwiipropathi zawo.

• 310 Intsimbi engatyiwa: Eli bakala liyaziwa ngokuchasa okugqwesileyo kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu okukhokelela ekusebenziseni kakhulu kwiziko kunye nabatshintshisi bobushushu. Iqulethe i-25% yechromium kunye ne-20% yenickel enikezela ukuxhathisa okukhulu kwe-oxidation kunye nokumelana nokuhlwa kumaqondo aphezulu.
• 317 intsimbi engatyiwa: Ukumelana nokubola kweekhemikhali, ngokuyinhloko kuluhlu lwekloridi kunye ne-halides ezahlukeneyo, eli bakala lifanelekile ngakumbi xa lithelekiswa ne-316 kwi-aggressive environment processing chemical. Iqulethe izixa eziphezulu ze-molybdenum, malunga ne-3 ukuya kwi-4%.
• 347 intsimbi engatyiwa: I-347 isetyenziswe ngokuqhelekileyo kwimimiselo yobushushu obuphezulu, ngaphezu koko, umxholo wayo we-niobium (columbium) ukhokelela ekuzinziseni okungcono okwenza ukuba ulungele ngokuchasene ne-intergranular corrosion ebangelwa yi-welding. Oku kukhokelela ekusetyenzisweni kwayo okukhethiweyo kuxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye nezixhobo ze-aerospace.

Ukukhethwa kwala mabanga kuwela phantsi kweemeko zokusebenza ezifana nobushushu, iimfuno zokuxhathisa umhlwa, kunye namandla omatshini Omnye ngowobushushu obuphezulu kakhulu, ibakala lama-310 lelona lifanelekileyo, ngelixa ibakala lama-317 lelona lifanelekileyo kwiimeko zekhemikhali ezindlongondlongo kakhulu. IBanga le-347 kufuneka lisetyenziswe kwiimeko apho kukho i-welding eninzi ekufuneka yenziwe, ngakumbi kwiimeko ezixinzelelekileyo kunye nobushushu obuphezulu.

Ukwakhiwa kweekhemikhali kuchaphazela njani iipropati ze-austenitic stainless steel?

Impembelelo yomxholo wekhabhoni ekusebenzeni kwentsimbi

Ubungakanani bekhabhoni ekhoyo kwi-Austenitic Stainless Steels ichaphazela iimpawu zabo zobunjineli kunye nokuxhathisa kwabo kwi-abrasion, i-corrosion, kunye ne-welding. Umxholo wekhabhoni ophuculweyo (> 0.08%) wandisa amandla kunye nobunzima bezinto ngokunyusa ukubunjwa kwe-carbide, ephakamisa ukuxhathisa kwentsimbi kwi-abrasion. Kwicala elisezantsi, amanqanaba aphezulu ekhabhoni anokunyusa uvakalelo ngelixa udibanisa okanye kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu (450°C–850°C). I-sensitization yentsimbi inokunciphisa ukuxhathisa kwayo ngenxa ye-chromium carbides ewela kwimida yengqolowa.

Ukusetyenziswa kwe-welded okanye ubushushu obuphezulu, amaBanga eKhabhoni aphantsi anje nge-304L okanye i-316L akhethwayo njengoko ethintela iziphumo zokwazisa. Amanqanaba aphantsi ekhabhoni (<0.03% carbon) kula mabanga anciphisa i-carbide precipitation, enikezela ukuchasana okugqwesileyo kwi-corrosion intergranular. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinto zokuzinzisa ezifana ne-titanium kumabakala angama-321 kunye ne-niobium kumabakala angama-347 anokunceda ukunciphisa imiphumo emibi yomxholo wekhabhoni ephezulu ngokufaka i-titanium okanye i-niobium carbides ye-chromium, ngaloo ndlela iphucula ukuxhathisa kwe-corrosion ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa iimpawu zomatshini.

• Amabanga eKhabhoni ePhantsi (<0.03% C): Ukuphucula ukuxhathisa umhlwa; amandla aphantsi okwazisa.
• AmaBanga aPhakathi (0.03%–0.08% C): Iipropati zoomatshini kunye ne-corrosion ziyalungiswa.
• Amabanga aphezulu eKhabhoni (>0.08% C): Ukunyuka kwamandla; ukonyuka kwamathuba ovelwano kunye nokuncipha kokuxhathisa kwi-corrosion ye-intergranular.
• Uluhlu lobushushu bokusebenza: Uvakalelo lwenzeka phakathi kwe 450-850 degrees celcius.

Ugxininiso lwekhabhoni kufuneka luhambelane nokusetyenziswa okuthe ngqo kwezinto ukuze kugcinwe amandla amaninzi omatshini kunye nokuzinza okwaneleyo kweekhemikhali.

Ezinye izinto ze-alloying kunye nemiphumo yazo

1. I-Chromium (Cr): Ngenxa yokukwazi ukudlula, i-chromium ibalulekile ekuxhathiseni ukubola. Iintsimbi ezingenastainless zihlala zinepesenteji encinci ye-10.5 chromium ukugcina iipropathi ezixhathisayo, kunye nezixa eziphakamileyo ezifana ne-16% ukuya kwi-18% eqhubela phambili iimpawu zokuzikhusela kunye nokuthintela imingxuma kunye nokuhlwa kwemingxuma kwiindawo zokusabela.
2. I-Nickel (Ni): Yandisa i-ductility, ukuqina, kunye nokumelana nempembelelo. Kwakhona, yongeza ukukhuselwa kwi-corrosion ye-chloride yoxinzelelo, eluncedo kumabakala angama-304 kunye nama-316 avavanywa nge-8% ukuya kwi-10.5% ye-nickel.
3. I-Molybdenum (Mo): Ukuchasana okugqwesileyo kwi-corrosion yendawo ngakumbi kwiindawo zekloride. Ipesenti ye-molybdenum ye-2% - 3% isemgangathweni kwiinsimbi ezingenasici zaselwandle ezifana ne-316 yokuchasana okukhulu kwi-pitting.
4. IManganese (Mn): Ngokwemveli yongezwe ukuhlawula i-nickel elahlekileyo kunye nokwandisa iimpawu zokusebenza ezishushu, i-manganese inceda kwi-deoxidizing kunye ne-desulfurizing steel. Ukutshintshwa kunye nokutshintshwa kusetyenziswa i-5% -10 % ye-manganese ifumaneka kwii-alloys ezine-nickel-based alloys apho iindleko ziqwalaselwa.
5. I-nitrogen (N): Unyusa amandla emveliso, kunye nenkcaso ekuqhumeni. Ifunyanwe ubukhulu becala kwi-duplex kunye ne-austenitic grade, apho uluhlu lwe-0.1% - 0.22% ye-nitrogen yanele kwi-mechanical sound and corrosion-resistant material.
6. Isilicon (Si): Ukuxhatshazwa kwe-oxidation ngaphezu kokuphucula kwaye kubaluleke kakhulu kwiintsimbi ezingaphezulu kokusetyenziswa kobushushu obuphezulu, ngokukodwa kwiindidi ezilinganayo> 1000 ° C apho utshintsho lwe-silicon lwe-1% -3% luphambili.
7. Ubhedu (Cu): Inyusa ukuxhathisa ekunciphiseni iiasidi njengesulfuric kwaye inyusa ukusebenza kwimvula enzima amabakala.

Umyinge we-1%:2% udla ngokwanela iimpembelelo ezicetywayo. Le mixube yesinyithi kufuneka ivavanywe malunga nosetyenziso olwahlukileyo ukuze kuphunyezwe udibaniso olululo lweepropathi zoomatshini, ukuxhathisa umhlwa, kunye nokuveliswa. Ukuqulunqwa okufanelekileyo kuqinisekisa ukuqina kunye nokuthembeka kwezinto eziphathekayo ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Ziziphi iingenelo zokusebenzisa i-austenitic stainless steel kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo?

Ukunganyangeki kokugqwala kwiindawo ezinzima

I-Austenitic steel stainless steel ibonisa ukukhuselwa okugqwesileyo ngokuchasene nomhlwa kwiindawo ezininzi ezirhabaxa ngenxa yokwakheka kwayo okukhethekileyo. Umxholo ophezulu we-chromium (16% -26%) wenza umaleko we-oxide we-passive kumphezulu wentsimbi okhusela i-oxidation kunye nokuhlwa. Ukongezelela, ubukho be-nickel (i-6% -22%) kwandisa ukuchasana neemeko ze-acidic kunye ne-chloride, eyona nto ibonakalisa kwiindawo ezininzi zaselwandle okanye zoshishino. Izahluko ezinemolybdenum (2% -6%) zinokuxhathisa okukhulu ngakumbi kwimingxuma kunye nokuhlwa kwemingxuma ngenxa yekloridi.

I-Chromium (i-16% -26%) iqinisekisa ukubunjwa kwe-stable passive layer, iphucula kakhulu izinga lokumelana ne-oxidation kwiindawo ukuya kwi-1,100 ° F (593 ° C).

I-Nickel (i-6% -22%) ibonakaliswe ukuba ibonelela nge-ductility kunye nokuchasana okuphezulu kuxinzelelo lwe-corrosion cracking phantsi kwe-acidic kunye / okanye iimeko zokushisa okuphezulu.

I-Molybdenum (2% -6%) kumabanga afana ne-316/316L inyusa kakhulu ukukhuselwa kwi-corrosion yendawo emanzini olwandle okanye enye indawo engcolileyo ye-chloride.

Ezi mpawu zenza i-austenitic stainless steel ifaneleke ngokukodwa ukuba isetyenziswe ekusetyenzweni kweekhemikhali, kwizityalo zokukhupha ityuwa, kunye nolwakhiwo olungaselunxwemeni. Ukhetho olufanelekileyo lwamabakala e-alloy luqinisekisa ukusebenza kwentsimbi kunye nokuthembeka kwiindawo ezifunayo kwixesha elide.

Ukuweldability kunye nokwenza lula

I-Austenitic stainless steels idume ngokugqithiswa kwayo okungenakuqhathaniswa kunye nokulula kokwenziwa, okwenza kube yinto ekhethiweyo yokukhethwa kwenani elikhulu leenkqubo zoshishino. Umxholo wabo wekhabhoni ephantsi, ngakumbi kwi-304L kunye ne-316L amabakala, inqanda imvula ye-carbide ngexesha le-welding, leyo inceda ekunciphiseni i-intergranular corrosion. Ezi ngxubevange zineqondo elikhulu le-ductility elinceda ekwenziweni kunye nokuzoba nzulu, ukugoba, kunye neenkqubo zobuchwephesha.

• Ukuqhutywa kokuTshisa: I-Welding ijwayele ukuphazamiseka ukuba ukushisa okugqithisileyo kuvunyelwe ukuqokelela kuyo nayiphi na indawo enye. I-Austenitic stainless steels ine-conductivity ephantsi ye-thermal (~ 15 W / m · K kwi-20 ° C) eqinisekisa ukuba ubushushu buyamodareyithwa xa i-welding isenzeka.
• I-Coefficient yoKwandiswa kweThermal: Ukuba ne-coefficient yolwandiso lwe-16-18 µm/m·K ye-304 insimbi engenasici kwi-20-100 ° C ithetha ukuba babe nolwandiso oluphakathi olugcina uzinzo lwe-dimensional ngexesha lokwenziwa.
• Izinto zokuSigcwalisa: Xa ukuwelda kubalulekile ukusebenzisa izixhobo ezihambelanayo zokuzalisa ukuze ingqibelelo kunye nokumelana nomhlwa kweendawo ze-weld kugcinwe emva kokuba umsebenzi wenziwe. I-AWS E308L / ER308L ye-304 grade kunye ne-E316L / ER316L insimbi engagqwaliyo ye-316 grade zikhetho ezifanelekileyo.
• Unyango lwasemva kweWeld: Kwizicelo ezithile, ngakumbi ezo zococeko oluphezulu okanye iimeko ezinobundlongondlongo, isisombululo se-annealing sinokuba yimfuneko kunyango lwe-post-weld ukubuyisela ukuxhathisa okulahlekileyo kwe-corrosion.

Ukwandisa ukusebenza kunye nokuthembeka kwamacandelo kwimigangatho yokusebenza ethintelweyo, ndiya kusebenzisa le miba ingentla.

Iipropathi ezingezizo-magnetic kunye nokusetyenziswa okukhethekileyo

I-Austenitic microstructure inika amabakala entsimbi engenasici njenge-304 kunye ne-316 ephawulekayo iimpawu ezingenamagnetic, ngakumbi xa zisetyenzwa kwimeko edibeneyo. Ngenxa yezi mpawu, zifaneleke kakhulu kwizicelo ezifuna umazibuthe ophantsi onje ngenqanawa yokugcina i-non-magnetic cryogenic, amacandelo e-imaging resonance scanners, kunye nezindlu zezixhobo zombane. Kufuneka kukhankanywe ukuba ngexesha leenkqubo zokwenza okanye i-welding, iqondo elithile lokusebenza okubandayo okanye ukwakheka kwe-ferrite kunokukhokelela kwinqanaba elithile lokungena kwemagnethi. Ngokubanzi, ukufikeleleka kozibuthe (u1) kweentsimbi ezingenazintsimbi ze-austenitic ezifakwe ngokupheleleyo kukuluhlu lwe-1.0 ukuya kwi-1.05, eqinisa imeko yazo engeyiyo imagnetic kuzo zonke iimeko eziqhelekileyo.

Ubume obungeyo-magnetic kunye neempawu zoomatshini kunye nokumelana nomhlwa kwe-304 kunye ne-316. izitishi ezingenazintsimbi imisela imisebenzi yabo ekhethekileyo. Umzekelo:

• 304 Intsimbi engatyiwa: Isinyithi esisebenza ngeendlela ezininzi ivumela ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwizicelo ezininzi ezibandakanya oomatshini bokulungisa ukutya, iimpawu zoyilo, kunye neetanki zothutho lwekhemikhali.
• 316 intsimbi engatyiwa: Ukunyuka kwakhe kokunyamezela kwe-chloride kunye nenani elilinganayo lokumelana ne-pitting (PREN) livumela ukusetyenziswa kwayo kumashishini olwandle, amayeza, kunye neekhemikhali ezinzima.

Ukuba ubuchwephesha obongezelelweyo obunje ngamandla okuqina okanye ingxinano iyafuneka kwiimeko ezithile zokusetyenziswa, ezi zinokufumaneka kwimigangatho ethe ngqo efana ne-ASTM A240, iqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa okuchanekileyo nokuthethelelekayo kwebakala ngalinye kwiimeko zokusebenza.

Unyango lobushushu luyichaphazela njani i-austenitic stainless steel?

I-Anealing kunye neenkqubo zonyango lwesisombululo

Ukunyangwa kobushushu be-austenitic stainless steel usebenzisa i-annealing kunye nesisombululo sonyango kubalulekile ukuguqula ngokuchanekileyo iimpawu eziphathekayo. Izinto eziphathekayo zifudumeza ngokubanzi kwiqondo lokushisa kwe-1900 - 2100 Fahrenheit (1000 - 1150 degrees Celsius) ngaphambi kokuyicima ngokukhawuleza, rhoqo emanzini okanye emoyeni. Le nkqubo inciphisa uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi, iphucula i-ductility, kwaye iguqula i-micro-structure ibe yimeko ephakathi. Ngokuchasene noko, unyango lwesisombululo lubandakanya ukufudumeza i-notched steel stainless ukuze naziphi na iikhabhidi ezinyityilisiweyo okanye izigaba zibekho ngaphandle kokunciphisa kakhulu amandla entsimbi, ukuxhathisa kokubola, kunye nesakhono esingeso-magnetic.

• Uluhlu lweqondo lobushushu lokuhlonyelwa: 1,900°F ukuya ku-2,100°F (1,038°C ukuya ku-1,149°C), njengoko kucaciswe yimigangatho efana ne-ASTM A240.
• Amaxabiso okupholisa: Amabanga afana ne-316 afuna ukupholisa ngokukhawuleza ukunqanda imvula ye-carbide; oku kuyingozi kwi-corrosion resistance.
• Iziphumo zeempawu zoomatshini: Ukuphuculwa kwe-ductility, yithi, i-70% ye-elongation kwi-304. Amandla esivuno ahlala engatshintshi, malunga ne-42000 psi kwi-304 kunye ne-316 emva kokunyanga.

Ezi nkqubo ziqinisekisa ukuba iimpawu ezisebenzayo zezinto ezifana nokuchasana kwe-corrosion ephezulu kunye nokuguquguquka kwesakhiwo akuguquli ngaphaya komda weemfuno zokusetyenziswa okujoliswe kuyo.

Ukuqina komsebenzi kunye nefuthe lawo kwiipropati

Ukuqina komsebenzi okwakwaziwa njengokuqina koxinzelelo yinkqubo yentsimbi ekhubazekayo ngokweplastiki ukukhulisa iimpawu zayo zoomatshini. Yenziwa kwiintsimbi ukonyusa ukuxinana kwazo kokuphuma. Le nkqubo yomeleza izinto ngokuthintela intshukumo eyongezelelweyo yokuchithwa. Ngaloo ndlela, ukuqina komsebenzi kwandisa ubulukhuni kunye namandla obunzima bezinto eziphathekayo. Ngokomzekelo, ukuqina komsebenzi kuchaphazela kakhulu amabakala angama-304 kunye nama-316 ensimbi engenasici. La mabanga afaneleke ngakumbi kunezinye kwizicelo apho ukuqina okungcono kunye nokumelana nokunxiba kuyadingeka.

• Amandla Amandla: Emva kokusebenza okubanda kakhulu, i-T304 insimbi engenasici inokonyuka kumandla okuqina ukusuka malunga ne-73,000 psi ukuya ngaphezulu kwe-120,000 yepsi ngokuxhomekeke kubungakanani besenzo soguquko olwenziweyo.
• Ubunzima: Njengoko i-strain inyuka, i-Brinell Hardness Number (BHN) okanye i-Rockwell Hardness iyanda kwaye i-alloy iyancipha ngakumbi kwi-mechanical surface wear.
• Ukunciphisa iDuctility: Nangona amandla e-304 ephuculwe ngenkqubo yokusebenza ebandayo ebanzi, i-ductility yehle kakhulu. Iipesenti zolwandiso lwemveliso esetyenzwe kakhulu zinokuhla ukusuka kuma-70% ukuya ngaphantsi kwama-40%.
• Ukuxhathisa ukonakala: Inkqubo yokuqina komsebenzi kunye notshintsho kwiipropati zemishini ayichaphazeli kakubi amabakala asemgangathweni ukumelana nokubola.

Kwiimeko zoshishino, ukuqina komsebenzi kusetyenziswa kwi-cold rolling apho amaxabiso okuguqulwa alawulwayo ukwenzela ukuba ibhalansi yepropathi efunwayo inokufezekiswa. Ukunyanzeliswa ngaphaya kwemida ethile kunokuguqula ukubunjwa kwezinto, kwaye ngoko ke, kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukuthintela ukunyanzeliswa okugqithisileyo kunye nokungaphumeleli okulandelayo okanye ukunyanzeliswa.

Ukulinganiselwa ekuqiniseni iintsimbi ze-austenitic

Nangona ukuqina kunika i-austenitic steel ngamandla, akukho ngaphandle kwemiba enzulu ehambelana nayo. Enye yezi lutshintsho kwi-ductility, ekhokelela kumaxabiso obude obuphantsi kakhulu, umzekelo, inokuncitshiswa ukuya ngaphantsi kwe-40% endaweni ye-70% yoqobo kwintsimbi ebandayo esebenza kakhulu 304. Ukwehla kokuductility kunciphisa umthamo wemathiriyeli wokugcina uguquko olongezelelweyo okanye utshintsho lwemilo. Ngaphezu koko, uxinzelelo olugqithisileyo olusuka kukuqina komsebenzi lunokukhokelela ekwandeni koxinzelelo lwendawo, okwandisa amathuba okusilela kwezinto okanye ukukhula kokuqhekeka.

Ngaphaya koko, kukho ezinye iingxaki ezinxulumene noxinzelelo olushiyekileyo olunokuthi lubekho ngenxa yeendlela zokusetyenzwa ezingalawulwa ngokufanelekileyo. Olu xinzelelo lunokubangela utshintsho lwe-dimensional, ukuguqulwa kwexesha elide, okanye ukusebenza kakubi ngexesha lokufudumeza okuphindaphindiweyo kunye nokupholisa. Iipropati ezikwaziyo ukumelana nokudleka aziyi kuchaphazeleka kakubi phantse phantsi kwazo zonke iimeko, kodwa amanqanaba aphezulu omthwalo womatshini anokubangela iziphene zomphezulu ezicutha ukuxhathisa ukudleka kwendawo kwiimeko ezinzima.

• Elona xabiso liphezulu livumelekileyo: Amanqanaba oxinzelelo kufuneka alawulwe, anqunyelwe ukugcina ubude obungaphezulu kwemigangatho ebonakalayo (umz., ngaphezulu kwe-30% kumabakala amiselweyo).
• Uxinzelelo lweNtsalela oluncitshisiweyo: I-annealing yokunciphisa uxinzelelo malunga ne-1038 ° F (560 ° C) iyasebenza ekususeni intsalela yoxinzelelo olungafunekiyo.
• Ukonakala komphezulu: Ukonyuka koburhabaxa bomphezulu emva kokusebenza okubandayo kufuneka kuncitshiswe ukuze kupheliswe ukuba nokwenzeka kokugqobhoza okanye ukuvela kweentanda.

Ngokuthobela ezi mfuno zobugcisa, ulungelelwaniso phakathi kophuculo lwamandla kunye nokugcina ezinye iipropathi ezibalulekileyo zinokuphuculwa.

Imithombo yolwazi

Ukunyusa

Austenitic steel stainless

Yenziwe ngentsimbi eshayinayo

Imibuzo ebuzwa rhoqo (FAQs)

Umbuzo: Yintoni i-austenitic steel stainless kwaye yahluke njani kwi-ferritic steel stainless?

A: I-Austenitic stainless steel yenye yezona ntsapho ziphambili zetsimbi, ezibonakaliswe yi-austenitic crystal structure. Ngokungafaniyo ne-ferritic steel stainless, i-austenitic stainless steels iqulethe amanqanaba aphezulu e-nickel kunye ne-chromium, ebanika ukuxhathisa okuphezulu kwe-corrosion kunye ne-weldability ephuculweyo. Iintsimbi ze-300 ze-stainless steels zezona ziqhelekileyo ze-austenitic grade, ezaziwa ngokubunjwa kwazo okugqwesileyo kunye neempawu ezingenamagnetic.

Q: Ziziphi iimpawu eziphambili ze-300 series steel stainless?

A: 300 series stainless steels zaziwa ngokugqwesa ukuxhathisa umhlwa, ductility eliphezulu, kunye neempawu non-magnetic. Ezi ntsimbi ze-austenitic zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kumashishini ahlukeneyo ngenxa yokuxhamla kwabo okulungileyo, ukubunjwa, kunye nokukwazi ukugcina amandla kumaqondo aphezulu. Ngokuqhelekileyo ziqulethe i-16-26% ye-chromium kunye ne-6-22% ye-nickel, enegalelo kwisakhiwo sabo se-austenitic kunye nokusebenza okuphezulu xa kuthelekiswa nezinye i-alloys zensimbi ezingenasici.

Umbuzo: Ingaba umxholo we-nickel uchaphazela njani iipropati ze-austenitic stainless steel?

A: I-nickel idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwi-austenitic steel stainless. Izinzisa isakhiwo se-austenitic, siphucula ukuxhathisa kwe-corrosion, kwaye siphucula iimpawu zomatshini. Umxholo we-nickel ophezulu, njengoluhlobo lwe-316 olungenasici, lunikeza ukuchasana okungcono kuxinzelelo lwe-corrosion cracking kunye nokuphucula ukumila. Umxholo we-nickel nawo uchaphazela impendulo yentsimbi kunyango lobushushu kunye nokuqina kwayo yonke indawo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo.

Umbuzo: Ziziphi iiklasi eziqhelekileyo ze-austenitic stainless steel kwi-series ye-300?

A: I-series ye-300 eqhelekileyo ye-austenitic stainless steels i-Type 304 kunye ne-316. Uhlobo lwe-304, oluvame ukubizwa ngokuba yi-18/8 yensimbi engenasici, yinqanaba elisetyenziswa kakhulu ngenxa yokumelana nokugqwesa kunye nokubumba. Uhlobo lwe-316 luqulethe i-nickel eninzi kwaye yongeza i-molybdenum ukwenzela ukuxhathisa okuphuculweyo kwe-corrosion, ngakumbi kwiindawo ze-chloride. Amanye amabakala aziwayo abandakanya i-301, 303, 321, kunye ne-347, ngalinye linohlengahlengiso oluthile kwizicelo ezithile.

Umbuzo: I-weldability yentsimbi ithelekisa njani phakathi kwe-austenitic kunye ne-ferritic steel stainless?

A: Iintsimbi ze-Austenitic stainless ngokubanzi zine-weldability engcono xa kuthelekiswa neentsimbi ezingenasici ze-ferritic. Umxholo ophezulu we-nickel kumabakala e-austenitic unceda ukugcina isakhiwo se-austenitic ngexesha le-welding, ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuxhamla kunye nokuqhekeka. Iintsimbi ze-Ferritic stainless, ngelixa zi-weldable, zithandwa kakhulu ekukhuleni kweenkozo kunye nokulahlekelwa kwe-ductility kwindawo echaphazelekayo kubushushu. I-weldability ephezulu ye-austenitic stainless steels inegalelo ekusetyenzisweni kwabo ngokubanzi ekwenzeni kunye nokwakhiwa.

Umbuzo: Ii-300 ze-series ze-austenitic stainless zithelekisa njani kwi-series ye-200 malunga neepropati kunye nezicelo?

A: 300 series austenitic steels stainless ngokubanzi zinika ukumelana umhlwa eliphezulu kunye neempawu mechanical xa kuthelekiswa 200 series grade. Uluhlu lwe-300 luqulethe amanqanaba aphezulu e-nickel, ezinzisa isakhiwo se-austenitic kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza ngokubanzi. Iintsimbi ezingama-200 zothotho, eziphuhliswe njengenye indlela enoqoqosho ngakumbi, zisebenzisa i-manganese ukubuyisela i-nickel ngokuyinxenye. Nangona ii-steels ze-200-series zifanelekile kwizicelo ezininzi, ii-steels ze-300-series zikhethwa kwiindawo ezifunwa kakhulu kunye nezicelo ezibalulekileyo ngenxa yokumelana nokugqwesa okungcono, ukubunjwa, kunye nokusebenza okuphezulu kobushushu.

Q: Ziziphi iiyantlukwano eziphambili phakathi kohlobo lwe-304 kunye ne-Type ye-316 yensimbi engenasici?

A: Uhlobo lwe-304 kunye noHlobo lwe-316 zimbini eziqhelekileyo i-austenitic stainless steels, kodwa inomahluko obalulekileyo. Uhlobo lwe-316 luqulethe i-2-3% ye-molybdenum, i-Type 304 ayinayo, inika ukuchasana kwe-corrosion ephezulu, ngakumbi kwiindawo ze-chloride. Uhlobo lwe-316 nalo lunomxholo we-nickel ophezulu kancinci malunga ne-316 alloys, ephucula ngakumbi ukuxhathisa ukubola kunye nokubumba. Ngelixa i-Type 304 isetyenziswa ngokubanzi ngenxa yeendleko zayo eziphantsi, Uhlobo lwe-316 lukhethwa kwiindawo ezinobundlobongela, ezifana nezicelo zaselwandle okanye ukusetyenzwa kweekhemikhali.