Ithathwa ngokubanzi njengento eguquguqukayo ngokupheleleyo kwaye eqhelekileyo kushishino lokwakha kunye nobunjineli, i-ASTM A36 yentsimbi idume ngamandla ayo athembekileyo, ukunyamezela ukuguquguquka, kunye nexabiso eliphantsi. Njengentsimbi enekhabhoni ephantsi, ithathwa njengendawo yokuya kwinani leeprojekthi zokwenziwa. Yintoni eyahlula i-ASTM A36 kukubunjwa kwayo, iimpawu zoomatshini, kunye nokusetyenziswa okusebenzayo. Eli nqaku lijolise ekuvezeni iimpawu ezibalulekileyo kunye neepropathi ezenza intsimbi ye-A36 ibaluleke kakhulu xa ujongene nophuhliso lweziseko ezingundoqo kunye neenkqubo zokwenziwa kwemveliso. Ngolwazi lwe-A36, iinjineli kunye neekontraka ziya kubuphucula kakhulu ubuchule babo bobugcisa obukhokelela kwizigqibo eziphilileyo ekuqhutyweni kweprojekthi.
Zeziphi iiPropati zeMathiriyeli ze-ASTM A36 Steel?
Ukongeza, i-A36 ikwaza nezinto eziphawuleka ngokulinganayo ezibandakanya ibhalansi yesinyithi apho ukuguquguquka ngamandla, i-ductility, kunye nomsebenzi we-weldability kwi-tandem. Ngokumelana nombane, i-A36 ibonisa ipropathi ekhuselayo ecaleni kwemagnethi ekwaziyo ukumelana nemathiriyeli yangaphandle edla ngokufakwa emva kokufudumeza. Ezinye iipropati ezizodwa ezigcinwe yi-A36 ziquka:
- Amandla Amandla: Uqinisekisa ukuqina ngelixa uphantsi koxinzelelo kunye namandla amancinci angama-58000 ukuya kwi-80000 psi (400 ukuya kwi-550 MPa).
- Unikeze Amandla: Ukugcina amanqanaba aphantsi okuguqulwa phantsi komthwalo kunika ubuncinci be-36000psi (250MPa) amandla esivuno.
- Udibaniso: Iphawulwe kwi-20-23% yobude ukubonisa ukunwebeka.
- Ubungakanani: Njengoko luphawu lobuninzi beentsimbi zesakhiwo, ukuxinana kuhleli kwi-7.85 g/cm³.
- Ukuwelda: Ukudibanisa kuyasebenza kwaye kuthembekile ngenxa ye-weldability ebalaseleyo evela kumxholo wekhabhoni esezantsi.
- Ubuchule: Ukulula okuhle ekusikeni, ukugrumba, okanye ukucwangciswa kosetyenziso oluthile.
Ukuqonda ukubunjwa kweekhemikhali ze-ASTM A36
Intsimbi ye-ASTM A36 ubukhulu becala yintsimbi enezixa ezithile zezinye izinto zekhemikhali ukunika iimpawu ezinqwenelekayo zoomatshini kunye nokusebenza kolwakhiwo. Ngokuqhelekileyo ibandakanya oku kulandelayo:
- I-Carbon (C): Ukuya kwi-0.26% - Imida kunye nokuqinisa i-ductility, i-weldability, kwaye iqinisa intsimbi.
- I-Manganese (Mn): 0.60-0.90% - Iphucula amandla okuqina, ukuqina, kunye nokuxhatshazwa kokugqoka.
- I-Phosphorus (P): Ubuninzi be-0.04% - Umxholo we-phosphorus ophantsi unceda ukuqina kwaye ugweme ukukhwabanisa.
- I-Sulfur (S): Ubuninzi be-0.05% - Njenge-phosphorus, uluhlu olulawulwayo lwesulfure luthintela ukukhwabanisa kunye nokunceda kwi-weldability.
- I-Silicon (Si): 0.15-0.40% - Yongeza Amandla kwizinto eziphathekayo kunye nokusebenza phantsi kokulayisha.
Xa zilungelelaniswe ngokuchanekileyo, ezi zinto zibonelela ngentsimbi ye-ASTM A36 indibaniselwano efanelekileyo yamandla kunye nokuguquguquka kunye nokuguquguquka okwenza ukuba isetyenziswe kwiindawo zesakhiwo nezemizi-mveliso . Ukuhlangabezana nemigangatho emiselweyo yokuchaneka kokwakheka kweekhemikhali kuqinisekisa umgangatho kunye nokusebenza okufanayo kuzo zonke iindawo ezahlukeneyo zokuvelisa.
Iimpawu ezibonakalayo ze-A36 carbon steel
I-ASTM A36 carbon steel ibonisa uluhlu lweempawu ezibonakalayo ezinegalelo ekusetyenzisweni kwayo ngokubanzi kwiindawo zesakhiwo nezemizi-mveliso. Uxinano lwayo lumalunga ne-7.85 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³), oluhambelana neempawu zentsimbi yekhabhoni eqhelekileyo . Indawo yokunyibilika kwezinto imalunga ne-1,426–1,538°C (2,600–2,800°F), nto leyo ebonisa uzinzo lwayo oluqinileyo kubushushu.
Intsimbi ye-A36 ine-thermal conductivity emalunga ne-120 W / m·K kwiqondo lokushisa legumbi, elivumela ukuba liqhube ngokufanelekileyo ubushushu ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ingqibelelo yayo yesakhiwo. Ukongezelela, ibonisa i-modulus ye-elasticity ye-200 GPa (29,000 ksi), iqinisekisa ukuxhathisa kwi-deformation phantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu. Amandla alo obunzima ngokuqhelekileyo avela kwi-400 ukuya kwi-550 MPa (58,000 ukuya kwi-80,000 psi), kunye namandla amancinci okuvelisa i-250 MPa (36,000 psi), okwenza ukuba ifaneleke kwizicelo ezithwala umthwalo.
Ukuqina kwensimbi ye-ASTM A36 ngokuqhelekileyo phakathi kwe-Brinell 119 ukuya kwi-162 HB encedisa ukucwangciswa kunye nokuxhatshazwa kokugqoka. Ngokudityanisiweyo, ukuba nezi mpawu kunye nexabiso eliphantsi le-A36 liyenza ibe ngumgqatswa ophambili wesakhelo solwakhiwo, ukuvelisa izinto, kunye neendibano ezidityanisiweyo.
Ingaba ukubunjwa kwemichiza kuyichaphazela njani intsimbi ye-A36?
I-Welding nge-A36 Steel: Ukwakhiwa kweekhemikhali kuchaphazela iimpawu zayo zomatshini, ukuvavanywa kweempawu ezintathu zokusebenza, kunye nento nganye, isinyithi, i-carbon, i-manganese, i-phosphorus, isulfure, kunye ne-silicon, igalelo ngokuhlukileyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-carbon 0.26% ayidluli inxalenye ephantsi kune-ductility kunye ne-welded.
I-Manganese inceda ekunxileni kwaye inika amandla okuqina kwi-A36, ngokuqhelekileyo ifunyenwe kwiimpawu ze-0.6% ukuya kwi-1.2%. I-Phosphorus kunye nesulfure zinegalelo kwi-brittleness ngelixa iphucula ukuqina, ngenxa yoko, zigcinwa kumazinga aphantsi. I-silicon inceda ngokufanelekileyo ekwandiseni amandla kunye nokukwazi kwe-A36 ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu. Ngelixa, ayibonisi iSilicon ayibonisi ubungakanani obukhulu kwintsimbi ye-A36, igalelo layo libalulekile. Ngaloo ndlela, ukubunjwa kwensimbi ye-A36 ilungelelanisa ukubonelela ngokuthembeka kunye nokuguquguquka kwizicelo zesakhiwo kunye nokuvelisa.
Impembelelo yesiqulatho sekhabhoni kumandla
Kwiintsimbi zekhabhoni, ezibizwa ngokuba yintsimbi yekhabhoni ephezulu, ubungakanani bekhabhoni bumisela ubukhali. Ukwanda koxinzelelo lwekhabhoni kudla ngokuphucula amandla okuxinana kunye nobunzima bentsimbi. Iintsimbi ezithambileyo, njengentsimbi ye-A36, zisebenza ngcono ekwakheni kuba uxinzelelo lwekhabhoni akufuneki ludlule kwi-0.29%. Kule meko, ibhalansi enikwa intsimbi ifumaneka ekubumbeni, ngokulula ekuchweni nasekusetyenzisweni kwemilo ngexesha leenkqubo zokwenza/zokuwelda. Ukongeza, ukonyuka kwamandla okumelana noxinzelelo ngenxa yokusebenzisana kweathom yekhabhoni nesakhiwo se-lattice yentsimbi kuqinisekisa ukufaneleka kwayo kokwakha; Iibhulorho kunye nezakhiwo zokwakha. Uphando lubonisa ukuba ukwanda kancinci komxholo wekhabhoni kuya kuchaphazela amandla kakhulu, nangona kunjalo, oku kudla ngokuchaswa kukuncipha kokuqina. Olu tshintshiselwano lubalulekile kwiinjineli kunye nabavelisi abakhetha izixhobo ezithile zezicelo ezimiselweyo.
Ukuthelekiswa namanye amabakala ensimbi ye-carbon
|
kwiBanga |
Umxholo weCarbon (%) |
amandla |
ubulushica |
izicelo |
Ukunyangwa kobushushu |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Intsimbi yeCarbon ephantsi |
|
Phantsi ukuya kumodareyitha |
phezulu |
Iinxalenye zeemoto, iipayipi |
KuNcinci |
|
Intsimbi yeKhabhoni ePhakathi |
|
phezulu |
Phakathi |
Iigiya, iiasi, iindawo zoomatshini |
Kuhle kakhulu emva kokuqina |
|
Isinyithi esiphakamileyo seCarbon |
|
Phezulu kakhulu |
low |
Izixhobo zokusika, imithombo |
Zintle |
|
Ikhabhoni ephezulu kakhulu |
|
Ephakamileyo kakhulu |
Isezantsi kakhulu |
Iimela, amanqindi, uyafa |
Ilinganiselwe, inokuba brittle |
Zeziphi ii-aplikeshini ze-ASTM A36 Steel?
Ngenxa yokuqina kwayo kunye neempawu zayo zokuqina, isetyenziswa kakhulu kulwakhiwo nakumashishini. Usetyenziso oluphambili lwentsimbi ye-A36 lubandakanya:
- Amacandelo oLwakhiwo: Isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwimiqadi, kwiintsika, nakwezinye izakhiwo ezithwele umthwalo kunye nezakhiwo zeebhulorho.
- Iindawo ezenziweyo: Isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiifreyimu, izibiyeli, kunye nokwenziwa kweepleyiti zesiseko.
- Ukwakhiwa kweenqanawa: Isetyenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwe-hull kunye nenkxaso yeedekhi ngenxa yokuqina kwayo.
- Oomatshini kunye neZixhobo: Isetyenziswa kwizixhobo zokuvelisa ezifana neetanki, iigiya kunye nezixhobo.
Ukufikeleleka, ukuwelda, kunye nokomelela kwentsimbi ye-A36 kwenza ukuba isebenze kwaye ithembeke kuluhlu lwamashishini.
Ukusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo kolwakhiwo lwe-A36
Intsimbi ye-ASTM A36 isetyenziswa kakhulu kwizicelo zesakhiwo kwiinkampani ezininzi njengoko ineempawu ezintle zoomatshini kwaye iyakwazi ukusetyenziswa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Enye yezicelo eziphambili kukwenziwa kweentsimbi zentsimbi , iikholamu kunye neegirders ezisetyenziselwa ukwakha kunye neefreyimu zebhulorho ukubonelela ngozinzo lwesakhiwo kunye nokulinganisela umthwalo kunye nokusasaza umthwalo ngokulinganayo. Ngaphezu koko, isetyenziswa ekwakhiweni kweendawo zokugcina impahla zoshishino kunye nezakhiwo ezenziwe kwangaphambili apho amandla ezinto ayimfuneko ngenxa yokuvuleka okukhulu kunye nokuzivumelanisa noyilo olwahlukeneyo kufuneka.
Ngaphakathi kwezobunjineli bokwakha, intsimbi ye-A36 isetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kwangaphambili kwezixhobo zeziseko ezingundoqo ezifana neekholvethi zokuhambisa amanzi, iindonga ezigcinayo kunye neentsimbi zokugada. Eyona nto iluncedo kakhulu kule misebenzi kufuneka idityaniswe kunye kumacandelo amaninzi ngenxa yokuqina kwayo. Kwakhona, kubunjineli bezothutho kwimigaqo kaloliwe kunye nenkxaso koohola bendlela abaphakamileyo, izakhiwo kufuneka zimelane nobunzima obukhulu; ngoko, ukuqina kwe-A36 kunye nokuchasana nokuguquka kuluncedo kakhulu.
Kuyilo lomatshini, iikrane, izikafula kunye neziseko zezixhobo ezinzima zakhiwe ngentsimbi ye-A36. Le ntsimbi ifanelekile kwisixhobo esinzima somatshini ngenxa yokuthembeka, ukuqina kunye neempawu eziqinileyo ezinikezelayo ngexabiso elisebenzayo. Iindlela eziguquguqukayo kubunjineli bolwakhiwo kunye nobuchule boyilo lwangoku bubonakalise ubume bayo bokungabizi kakhulu ngelixa kugcinwa ukusebenza.
Izicelo koomatshini kunye nezixhobo
- Izakhelo zoomatshini kunye neziseko: Intsimbi ye-A36 isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiziseko zoomatshini kunye nezakhelo ezixhasayo zezixhobo zoshishino. Izinto eziphathekayo zizinzile kwaye zomelele, ngaloo ndlela zibonelela ngesiseko esomeleleyo esifunekayo ukunciphisa ukungcangcazela ukuchaneka okuchanekileyo kokusebenza.
- Izixhobo zeZolimo: Intsimbi ye-A36 isetyenziselwa ukwenza izixhobo ezifana namakhuba, amazembe, kunye neethafa. Amandla kunye nokunyanzeliswa kwe-alloy kwenza ukuba kwenziwe izixhobo ezifunekayo kumsebenzi onzima wangaphandle kunye nomhlaba.
- Amacandelo eSithuthi soKwakha: Iifreyimu zeChassis, iiemele kunye nezinto ezincamatheleyo kwizithuthi zokwakha ezifana neebulldozers, backhoes, kunye neecranes zenziwe kusetyenziswa i-A36. Ukunxitywa kwayo kunye nokunyamezela komthwalo onzima kuvumela ukusebenza ixesha elide kwiindawo zokwakha ezinzima.
- Iitanki zeZixhobo zoShishino kunye noGcino: Insimbi ye-A36 isetyenziselwa ukwakha iitanki zoshishino, izitya zokugcina, kunye neenqanawa zoxinzelelo. Ukuchasana kwabo nokuqhekeka phantsi koxinzelelo, uxinzelelo olukhulu, kunye nokulula okungaqhelekanga komatshini kubenza babe izixhobo eziguquguqukayo.
Njengoko kubonisiwe kwizicelo ezixutyushwayo zangaphambili, i-A36 yensimbi isebenza ngemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo kumatshini kunye nezixhobo ezigxininisa ukubaluleka kwayo kumashishini afuna izinto ezithembekileyo kunye neendleko eziphantsi. Icandelo ngalinye kula linokufuna imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo kwimathiriyeli enye.
I-ASTM A36 iWelded njani intsimbi yentsimbi?
I-ASTM A36 yintsimbi enokuwelda okukhethekileyo elungele iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuwelda njengentsimbi ekhuselweyo ye-arc welding (SMAW), igesi yentsimbi ye-arc welding (GMAW), kunye nokuwelda kwe-arc entywilweyo (SAW). Ngenxa yomxholo wekhabhoni ephantsi, i-SMAW kunye ne-GMAW zine-ductility elungileyo kwaye aziqhekeki ngokulula ngexesha lokuwelda. Ngokubanzi, ukuze ufumane iziphumo ezingcono, akukho bushushu bangaphambili bufunekayo kumacandelo amancinci, kodwa kwiindawo ezibandayo, iziqwenga ezityebileyo zizuza ngokufudumeza kwangaphambili kuluhlu lwe-50 - 150 ° F ukunceda ekuthinteleni uxinzelelo lobushushu. Ukulandela amanyathelo okupholisa emva kwe-weld kunceda ukunqanda ngakumbi ukuphazamiseka kwesakhiwo. Ukuqwalasela ukulungelelanisa kwisakhiwo sezinto eziphathekayo, amandla abalulekileyo kunye nokuqina ngokulungiswa okufanelekileyo kunye nobuchule bunokufezekiswa kwii-welds.
Iindlela ezigqwesileyo kwiipropati ze-welding
- Ukulungiselela izinto
Inyathelo lokuqala ekuqinisekiseni ukuba umphezulu we-welded ucocekile ufuna ukususa ioli, i-rust, okanye imida yepeyinti, njengoko kungekuphela nje umgangatho onokuthi uphazamiseke, kodwa kunye namanqaku abuthathaka angangeniswa ngenxa yezinto ezingcolileyo. Amalungiselelo afanelekileyo anokuphunyezwa ngeendlela zokucoca iikhemikhali njengezinyibilikisi okanye ukuxukuxa ecaleni kwezixhobo zokusila.
- IiParameters zeWelding ezifanelekileyo
Iiparamitha ze-welding ezibalulekileyo ezifana ne-voltage, yangoku, kunye nesantya sokuhamba kufuneka zimiselwe ngokufanelekileyo ukufezekisa umgangatho ofunekayo kwii-welds. Umiselo lwangoku lubalulekile ekungeneni nzulu, kungoko kumacandelo angqingqwa umsinga ophezulu uluncedo. Isantya sokuhamba esichanekileyo sikwafuna ukuqwalaselwa ukuze kuthintelwe ukwakheka kwamaso okungaqhelekanga kunye nokusasazwa kobushushu obungalinganiyo.
- Ukukhethwa kweMathiriyeli yokuSigcwalisa
Ukuze ufezekise okulungileyo, i-welds yamahhala, ibhondi eqinile phakathi kwamacandelo adibeneyo kunye namacandelo adibeneyo ezakhiwo ezibizwa ngokuba yi-filler material kunye nesiseko sesiseko kufuneka sifumaneke. Isigcwalisi esingahambelani nesiseko sesinyithi sinokwenza buthathaka i-weld joint ngokunciphisa amandla omatshini kunye nokwandisa ukuhlaselwa kwe-corrosion. Oku ngokuqhelekileyo kuhlangatyezwana nayo xa udiza iintsimbi ezinamandla aphezulu apho ukucaciswa kwezinto eziphathekayo kuchaza imfuneko yokuzalisa.
- Ulawulo lobushushu
Ukulawula igalelo lobushushu kubalulekile ukunqanda ukonakala kwesakhiwo njengokulwa okanye ukuqhekeka. Ukufudumeza kwangaphambili kunye nokubeka esweni amaqondo obushushu e-interpass kuluncedo kwi-hydrogen eqhekeza iintsimbi ezichaphazeleka njengeentsimbi eziphezulu zekhabhoni. Ngaphezu koko, ukupholisa okongeziweyo kufuneka kusetyenziswe ukunciphisa uxinzelelo olushiyekileyo kwizinto ezishinyeneyo okanye ezidityanisiweyo.
Ukulandela ezi zenzo kunye nezikhokelo ezicetyiswayo, ezibhalwe phantsi ziqinisekisa amanqanaba aphezulu okuthembeka, ukusebenza, kunye nokuqina kwizicelo ezidibeneyo ngelixa kugcinwa ukhuseleko lwexesha elide.
Iindlela zokuwelda ezicetyiswayo ze-A36
Ngokuchaseneyo nezinye iimpawu zentsimbi ye-A36, ukuwelda kwayo kulawula kakhulu. Inokudityaniswa nge-welding ekhuselwe yigesi, i-arc yentsimbi ekhuselweyo, i-gas metal arc welding, kunye ne-Flux-Cored Arc Welding (FCAW). Ezi ndlela zikhethwa kakhulu kuba zifuna umxholo wekhabhoni ephantsi, ubuchule obuphezulu kunye namandla asezantsi e-A36. Kumacandelo amancinci e-A36 amakhaka akufuneki afudunyezwe ngenxa yekhabhoni ephantsi efana ne-SMAW A36 enayo. Sekunjalo, kwimeko yeqondo lokushisa eliphantsi lokusingqongileyo okanye ukusebenzisa izinto ezityebileyo, i-preheat ephakathi kwe-50 ° F ukuya kwi-200 ° F inconywa ukukhusela ukuchithwa kwe-hydrogen-induced cracking kunye noxinzelelo oluseleyo kwi-weldment.
Ngaphandle kokuba ugxininiso loxinzelelo olugqithisileyo lwaziswa ngenxa yendawo ye-welding okanye isicelo sifuna ukunyamezela okuqinileyo, unyango lwe-post-weld heat (PWHT) aludingeki kwi-A36. Iziphumo ezigqwesileyo zifumaneka xa i-electrode ye-SMAW okanye i-ER70S-6 yocingo ye-GMAW isetyenziswa, njengoko ezi zibonelela ngamandla aneleyo okuqina kunye ne-ductility elingana ne-A36. Kwakhona luncedo ekugcineni iimpawu zomatshini wokwakhiwa ngokuzibamba ngokulandelelana kwe-welding. Ulawulo lobushushu be-interpass olulawulwayo lwe-250 ° F ukuya kwi-400 ° F lunceda ekuthinteleni ukuphazamiseka kwiindibano ezinkulu. Ukulandela izikhokelo ezicetywayo ziqinisekisa ukuba umgangatho ophezulu we-welded joints uya kufezekiswa ngokunyaniseka kwesakhiwo sexesha elide kwi-A36 ye-steel applications.
Ngaba ukuThetha kwe-ASTM A36 kuthelekiseka njani?
Iintsimbi ze-ASTM A36 zilula ukwenza umatshini kunezinye iintsimbi zesakhiwo, ezenza ukuba phantse yonke imisebenzi yomatshini ibe yeyonga. Ngenxa yomxholo wekhabhoni esezantsi, i-A36 inokugrunjwa ngokulula, inqunyulwe, ibethelwe ngenqindi kwaye icolwe kusetyenziswa izixhobo eziqhelekileyo zomatshini. Nangona i-A36 ingekho nzima njengealloyi zekhabhoni ephezulu, inokwakheka okulungeleleneyo okuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuthembekileyo kwizicelo ezichanekileyo ezisezantsi apho ukwenziwa lula kufuneka. Yiyo loo nto i-A36 iyinto ebonakalayo kumatshini.
Ukutshiza kwe-ASTM A36 xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iintsimbi zekhabhoni
|
Inqaku eliphambili |
ASTM A36 |
Iintsimbi zeCarbon eziPhakamileyo |
Iintsimbi zeKhabhoni eziphantsi |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Umxholo weCarbon |
Phantsi (malunga ne-0.25%) |
Phakathi ukuya phezulu (0.3-1.0%) |
Phantsi kakhulu (ngaphantsi kwe-0.20%) |
|
Ukunyanga |
Kulungile |
Phakathi ukuya kunzima |
Zintle |
|
ukuqina |
Phantsi ukuya kumodareyitha |
phezulu |
low |
|
amandla |
Phakathi |
phezulu |
Phantsi ukuya kumodareyitha |
|
Ukuhamba kakuhle |
phezulu |
Phakathi |
Phezulu kakhulu |
|
Ukuweldability |
Zintle |
Ifuna ubuchule okanye ukufudumeza kwangaphambili |
Zintle |
|
Isixhobo sokunxiba ngexesha loMatshini |
Ncinane |
Luleke |
Ncinane |
|
Ukufezekiswa kokuGqiba komphezulu |
Phakathi |
phezulu |
Zintle |
|
ixabiso |
low |
phezulu |
Phakathi ukuya phantsi |
|
Ukuguquguquka koNyango loBushushu |
KuNcinci |
Kakhulu nezimo |
Ncinane |
|
izicelo |
Ulwakhiwo, umatshini jikelele |
Izixhobo ezichanekileyo, izixhobo zokusika |
Amalungu alula, amaphepha |
|
Isantya sokusika (malunga.) |
75-125 ft/min |
50-100 ft/min |
125-200 ft/min |
Izinto ezichaphazela ukusebenza kwentsimbi ye-A36
- Uhlobo lwezinto
Intsimbi ye-A36 inomlinganiselo ophantsi wekhabhoni onceda intsimbi ye-A36 inyamezele uxinzelelo-intsalela kakuhle. Insimbi ye-A36 iqulethe i-0.26% yekhabhoni, kunye neencinci ezincinci zeSilicon, iPhosphorus, iSulfur, iManganese, kunye nezinye izinto ezixutywayo. Iintsimbi eziphezulu zekhabhoni ziya kuba nokusebenza ngcono kuba zine-ductility ephantsi kunye nokuncitshiswa kwe-weldability.
- Unyango lobushushu
Ngokungafaniyo neentsimbi ze-alloy , i-A36 ayinyangwa ngobushushu nto leyo eyenza ithambe. Ukungabikho kweenkqubo zokwandisa ubulukhuni kwenza kube nzima ngakumbi kwiindawo zokulungisa ngokuchanekileyo.
- Izinto zokuSebenza
Ukukhethwa kwezixhobo zokusika ezifana ne-high-speed steel (HSS) kunye nezixhobo ezigqunyiweyo zichaphazela ubuchule. Kwintsimbi ye-HSS A36, ii-carbides zifaneleke ngakumbi ukusika okuphezulu okuxhathisayo.
- Isantya sokusika kunye neeReyithi zokutyisa
Njengezinyithi ezininzi, intsimbi ye-A36 inezantya zokusika ezona zilungileyo phakathi kwe-75 kunye ne-125 yeenyawo ngomzuzu ngokubhekiselele kwizinto ezisetyenziswayo kunye neemeko zomatshini, kunye namazinga athile okutya axhomekeke kumgangatho ophezulu kunye nobude besixhobo.
- Izinto zokupholisa kunye neeLubricants
Ukusebenzisa izinto ezipholileyo ngokuchanekileyo kunciphisa ukuveliswa kobushushu ngexesha leenkqubo zomatshini, nto leyo ephucula umgangatho womphezulu lo gama isolula ixesha elide lokusebenza kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Nangona intsimbi ye-A36 ikhupha ubushushu obuphakathi xa kuthelekiswa nezinto ezinzima, ukuthambisa okwaneleyo kusabalulekile.
Ukuqwalasela oku kuguquguqukayo kuya kuvumela oomatshini ukuba baphucule iinkqubo kwi-A36 yentsimbi, ukuphumeza ukususwa kwezinto ezifanelekileyo kunye nenkcitho encinci yezixhobo kunye nemilinganiselo yokugqibela echanekileyo.
Zeziphi iiPropati zeNtsimbi ze-ASTM A36?
Intsimbi ye-ASTM A36 luhlobo olusoloko lusetyenziswa rhoqo kwisakhiwo esilingana nekhabhoni yentsimbi ebandakanya iipropathi zoomatshini neekhemikhali ezahlukeneyo ngokufanelekileyo. Iimpawu zayo ezibalulekileyo zokwahlula zezi:
- Inqanaba elithile lamandla okuqina ukusuka kwi-58,000-80,000 psi enikezela ukusebenza kakuhle phantsi kwemithwalo enzima.
- Uxinzelelo lweSivuno: Ngaphantsi kwamashumi amane anesibini amawaka epsi.
- Ubude bujikeleze i-20% kwii-intshi ezi-2 ezibonisa i-ductility eyamkelekileyo.
- Ukubunjwa: Iqukethe i-0.29% yekhabhoni ngelixa i-manganese, isulfure, i-phosphorus kunye ne-silicon zikhona kwi-alloy ukunika amandla kwi-A36 yentsimbi kunye nokuphucula i-weldability yayo.
Intsimbi ye-A36 inezicelo ezibanzi ukusuka kulwakhiwo kunye neebhulorho ukuya kwimveliso ngenxa yobuchule bayo, ukuwelda kunye nomxholo ophantsi wekhabhoni.
Ukuqonda amandla esivuno kunye namandla okuqina
Kufutshane akunakwenzeka ukutsala amandla esivuno kunye namandla okuqina ahambelana nemathiriyeli yolwakhiwo. Amandla esivuno achaza olona xinzelelo luphezulu into enokumelana nayo ngaphandle kotshintsho lomzimba. Ifanelekile kwimisebenzi ephakathi, ehlala ixesha elide, amandla emveliso yensimbi ye-A36 ifakwe kwi-36,000 psi (250 MPa).
Olona xinzelelo luphezulu lwezinto ezinokuxhathisa ngelixa lutsalwa ngaphandle kokukhokelela ekuphumeleleni luyaziwa njengamandla okuqina. Kwi-A36 Steel, amandla okuqina aphakathi kwe-58,000 psi ukuya kwi-80,000 psi elingana ne-400 ukuya kwi-550 MPa. Ngenxa yezi mpawu, i-A36 ivumela intsimbi yokwakha ukuba isetyenziswe kwizicelo ezininzi. Kukwangenxa yezi mpawu ukuba intsimbi inenzuzo ngakumbi ngelixa isetyenziselwa ukwakhiwa, apho kufuneka amandla awoneleyo kodwa kunye nokukwazi ukukhubazeka phantsi koxinzelelo, ukunceda ukunciphisa iimpembelelo kunye nokuthintela ukusilela kwintlekele ngelixa uphantsi komthwalo.
Ukuvavanya i-ductility yentsimbi ye-A36
I-ductility yensimbi ye-A36 iphucula ukusebenza kwayo kumsebenzi wokwakha kunye nolwakhiwo apho ukolula ngaphandle kokuphuka kubalulekile. Intsimbi ye-A36 ibonisa ubude obuncinane obumalunga ne-20% ye-gauge ye-2-intshi ubude obunyamezela uguquko olubalulekileyo lweplastiki ngaphambi kokuphuka kwentsimbi ye-A36 ibonisa ukudumba. Le ductility ivumela intsimbi ukufunxa amandla, ukunciphisa amathuba ukusilela brittle.
Ukukwazi ukwenza iinkqubo zokubumba ezibandayo kunye nezishushu kugxininisa ngakumbi i-ductility kunye nokufaneleka kweemfuno zemilo kunye nokwenziwa. Kwakhona, amandla ensimbi ye-A36 yokwandisa kunye nokukhubazeka phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo zokulayisha, ezifana ne-seismic okanye imithwalo eguquguqukayo, ibonisa ukuthembeka kwe-A36 Steel kwizicelo ezibalulekileyo. Ukwazi ezi mpawu kunceda ekukhetheni izixhobo ngokukodwa ukhuseleko kunye nobomi benkonzo ende kwizicelo zobunjineli.
Imithombo yoReferensi
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Ukulinganiswa kwe-Ultrasound kwiiMpawu zoMechanical : Olu phononongo luhlolisise unxulumano phakathi kweempawu zamaza e-acoustic kunye neempawu zomechanical zentsimbi ye-ASTM A36.
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Iipropati zoomatshini ze-ASTM A36 eWelded eneStainless Steel Cladding : I-cladding ene-309L stainless steel iphucule amandla okutsalwa nge-16% kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu kwaye iphucule ukumelana nokugqwala.
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Indlela yokwenziwa kwe-ASTM A36 emva komlilo : Ukupholisa umoya osuka kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu kwandisa ukuxinana kodwa kunciphisa amandla okuvelisa, ngelixa ukupholisa ngamanzi kwandisa amandla okuxinana kodwa kunciphisa ukuxinana ngenxa yokwakheka kwe-martensite.
Imibuzo ebuzwa rhoqo (FAQs)
Q: Ziziphi iimpawu zentsimbi ye-ASTM A36?
A: Intsimbi ye-ASTM A36 ibonisa iimpawu ezigqwesileyo zoomatshini, kubandakanywa amandla amancinci angama-36,000 e-psi kunye namandla okugqibela angama-58,000 ukuya kwi-80,000 psi. I-ductility yayo nayo iphawuleka, ivumela ukuba ibunjwe kwaye ibunjwe ngaphandle kokuphulwa.
Q: Isetyenziselwa ntoni i-ASTM A36 carbon steel?
A: I-ASTM A36 carbon steel isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo ezibandakanya ukwakhiwa, iimoto, kunye namashishini ezolimo ngenxa yeepropati zayo eziguquguqukayo. Ngokuyintloko isetyenziselwa iipleyiti zentsimbi, imiqadi, kunye namanye amacandelo olwakhiwo.
Q: Ngaba i-ASTM A36 inokunyangwa bubushushu?
A: Ewe, unyango lobushushu lwe-ASTM A36 lunokwenzeka, nangona alufuneki ngokwesiqhelo. Ukunyangwa kobushushu kunokuphucula iimpawu zomatshini wezinto eziphathekayo, kodwa intsimbi isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwindawo yayo eshushu eshushu kwizicelo ezininzi.
Q: Yintoni ukwakhiwa kwentsimbi ye-ASTM A36?
A: Ukubunjwa kwe-ASTM A36 yensimbi ibandakanya i-carbon (0.26% ukuya kwi-0.29%), i-manganese (0.60% ukuya kwi-0.90%), i-phosphorus (i-0.04%), isulfure (max 0.05%), kunye nentsimbi njengebhalansi. Olu qulunqo lunegalelo kumandla kunye ne-ductility.
Q: Zeziphi iingenelo ngokusebenzisa ipleyiti steel A36?
A: Ipleyiti yentsimbi ye-A36 inika iingenelo ezininzi, kubandakanywa iipropati ezibalaseleyo zokuwelda, ukusebenziseka kakuhle, kunye noluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo kulwakhiwo nakwimveliso. Kananjalo inomlinganiselo olungileyo wokuqina kobunzima, okwenza ukuba ilungele ukusetyenziswa kwezakhiwo.
Q: Ingaba machining of ASTM A36 steel thelekisa njani nezinye izinto?
A: Izinga machinability of ASTM A36 ithandeka kakhulu, ingakumbi xa uyithelekisa nezinye izinto carbon steel ezifana 1018 intsimbi. Insimbi ye-A36 inokwenziwa lula ngokusebenzisa iindlela eziqhelekileyo, okwenza kube yinto ethandwayo kwizicelo zoshishino.
Q: Zeziphi iintlobo zeepleyiti zentsimbi ezinokuthi zenziwe kwizinto ze-ASTM A36?
A: Izinto ze-ASTM A36 zingasetyenziselwa ukuvelisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeepleyiti zentsimbi, kubandakanywa iipleyiti ze-A36 ezishushu kunye nezibandayo. Ezi pleyiti ziqhele ukusetyenziswa kwizicelo zesakhiwo ngenxa yokuqina kunye namandla.
Q: Ngaba i-ASTM A36 iyakwazi ukumelana nomhlwa?
A: Ngelixa intsimbi ye-ASTM A36 ingenzelwanga ngokuthe ngqo ukuxhathisa umhlwa, inokunyangwa okanye igqunywe ukuze iphucule ukuxhathisa ukubola. Ukusetyenziswa kwangaphandle, amanyathelo ongezelelweyo okukhusela afana nokupeyinta okanye i-galvanizing ahlala ekhuthazwa.
Q: Ngawaphi amashishini aqhele ukusebenzisa izinto zentsimbi ye-A36?
A: Izinto zentsimbi ze-A36 ziqhele ukusetyenziswa kuwo wonke amashishini ahlukeneyo, kuquka ukwakhiwa, izithuthi, kunye namacandelo ezolimo. Iimpawu zayo zesakhiwo ziyenza ilungele ukusetyenziswa kwizakhiwo, iibhulorho, kunye noomatshini abanzima.
Q: Zeziphi izicelo eziqhelekileyo zeepleyiti zentsimbi ze-A36?
A: Iipleyiti zentsimbi ze-A36 zidla ngokusetyenziswa ekwakhiweni kwamacandelo olwakhiwo, kubandakanywa imiqadi, iikholamu, kunye nezakhelo. Zikwasetyenziswa ekwenzeni oomatshini, iinxalenye zeemoto, kunye neenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zemizi-mveliso ngenxa yeepropathi zazo eziguquguqukayo.
