I-316 stainless steel yeyona klasi yolwandle isemgangathweni kushishino. Iqulethe i-2–3% ye-molybdenum. Elo longezo olunye lwe-alloying lunika i-316 ukumelana okungcono kakhulu ne-chloride pitting kunye ne-crevice corrosion kune-304. Isiphumo yi-PREN emalunga ne-24–26 kwi-316, xa kuthelekiswa ne-18–20 kwi-304. Iindawo zaselwandle ngokubanzi zifuna i-PREN engaphezulu kwe-22, ngoko ke i-316 lukhetho olukhuselekileyo lwezixhobo zenqanawa, izakhiwo zaselunxwemeni, iindawo zokutshiza, kunye nezixhobo ezininzi ezivezwe ngamanzi anetyuwa. Igama elithi "Marine grade" ligama lokuthengisa, alingomgangatho olawulwayo. Ukuntywiliselwa ngokusisigxina emanzini olwandle afudumeleyo okanye angcolileyo, ii-duplex grades ezifana ne-2205 zihlala ziyindlela engcono yokuchaza.
Umakhi weenqanawa eZhuhai wafunda oku ngendlela ebiza kakhulu. Wafumana izixhobo zokufaka iidekhi ezingama-304 ukunciphisa iindleko zezinto zokwakha ngama-30%. Emva kwexesha elinye lenkanyamba yoLwandle lwaseSouth China, ii-cleats kunye nee-hinge pins zabonisa umhlwa kunye nemingxuma apho amanzi anetyuwa ayedibene khona. Amabango ewaranti kunye nomsebenzi wokutshintsha wacima ukonga kokuqala kwiinyanga ezili-14. Esi sikhokelo sichaza xa izixhobo ze-316 ze-stainless steel marine grade zichanekile, xa i-304 yamkelekile, kwaye xa kufuneka udlule kwi-316 ngokupheleleyo.
IItrakthi ezibalulekileyo
- Intsimbi engagqwaliyo engu-316 ibizwa ngokuba yi-marine grade kuba umxholo wayo we-2–3% ye-molybdenum ayixhathisi ukubola kwe-chloride pitting kunye ne-cravice corrosion emanzini anetyuwa.
- I-PREN eqhelekileyo: 304 ≈ 18–20; 316 ≈ 24–26. Iindawo zaselwandle ngokubanzi zifuna i-PREN engaphezulu kwama-22.
- I-316L yeyona ndlela ikhuselekileyo yokukhetha izakhiwo zaselwandle ezidityanisiweyo kuba ikhabhoni ephantsi inciphisa uvakalelo kwindawo echaphazelekileyo bubushushu.
- I-304 ingasinda kwiindawo ezikhuselekileyo, emanzini acocekileyo, okanye kwiindawo zokuhombisa ezisetyenziswa elunxwemeni; yingozi kwiindawo ezimanzi kunye nokuntywiliselwa emanzini.
- Kwi-infusion eqhubekayo emanzini olwandle ashushu okanye angcolisiweyo, i-duplex 2205 (PREN ~35) idla ngokugqwesa i-316.
- Soloko uqinisekisa ikhemistri ngeSatifikethi soVavanyo lweMill okanye uvavanyo oluzayo; iilebhile "zezinga lolwandle" azilawulwa.
Yintoni Eyenza Intsimbi Engagqwaliyo Engama-316 “Ibanga Lolwandle”
Igama elithi “udidi lwaselwandle” alilogama le-ASTM, EN, okanye i-JIS. Ligama elichaza imarike yee-alloys ezinyamezela amanzi anetyuwa kunye nomoya ogcwele ityuwa ngcono kunee-austenitic grades eziqhelekileyo. Kubathengi, iinkcukacha ezibalulekileyo kukwakheka, kungekhona ilebheli.
I-ASTM A240 ichaza uluhlu olulandelayo lwe-316/316L kunye ne-304/304L:
| Element | 304 / 304L | 316 / 316L |
|---|---|---|
| Chromium | 18.0-20.0% | 16.0-18.0% |
| nickel | 8.0-10.5% | 10.0-14.0% |
| Molybdenum | nanye | 2.0-3.0% |
| Ikhabhoni (ubuninzi) | 0.08% (0.03% kwi-304L) | 0.08% (0.03% kwi-316L) |
I-Molybdenum ngumahluko omkhulu. Ayiyiyo ifilimu ye-chromium oxide engasebenziyo. Endaweni yoko, izinzisa ifilimu ekuhlaselweni yi-chloride kwaye icothise ukukhula kwemingxunya xa sele iqalile. I-Nickel ikwanceda, ngakumbi kwiimeko ezine-asidi okanye ezinciphisayo. I-Molybdenum yeyona nto iphambili eyenza i-316 idlule i-304 emanzini olwandle, ityuwa, kunye ne-atmospheres yonxweme.
Ngenxa yokuba "umgangatho we-marine" awulawulwa, abanye abathengisi bawufaka ngokukhululekileyo. I-bracket ephawulwe ngokuthi "i-marine stainless" inokuba yi-304 ngexabiso eliphezulu. Ukuqinisekiswa okuthembekileyo kuphela yi-chemistry. Cacisa i-UNS S31600 ye-316 okanye i-UNS S31603 ye-316L, kwaye ucele iSatifikethi soVavanyo lweMill esibonisa umxholo we-molybdenum wokwenyani.
316 vs 304 kwiindawo zaselwandle
Umahluko osebenzayo phakathi kwe-316 kunye ne-304 kwinkonzo yolwandle kukunyamezela i-chloride. Amanzi anetyuwa aqulethe malunga ne-19,000 ppm chloride. Nomoya waselunxwemeni unokuthwala ityuwa eyaneleyo yokonakalisa i-304 ngokuhamba kwexesha.
Imida ye-PREN kunye ne-Chloride
Iinjineli zithelekisa ukumelana nokugqwala kwendawo zisebenzisa i-Pitting Resistance Equivalent Number:
I-PREN = %Cr + 3.3(%Mo) + 16(%N)
| kwiBanga | I-PREN eqhelekileyo |
|---|---|
| 304 / 304L | ~18–20 |
| 316 / 316L | ~24–26 |
| 2205 I-Duplex | ~ 35 |
Uninzi lwabayili lubona i-PREN engaphezulu kwama-22 njengowona mlinganiselo uphantsi wokubonakaliswa rhoqo kolwandle. Ukutsiba kwe-PREN okunamaphuzu ama-6 ukusuka kuma-304 ukuya kuma-316 kubonisa ukwanda okukhulu kokumelana nokugrumba, yiyo loo nto i-316 ilinqanaba lolwandle elingagqibekanga.
Imida ye-chloride esebenzayo kubushushu obuphakathi ichaza ibali elifanayo:
| kwiBanga | Umda weChloride oSebenzayo (Cl⁻) | amaNqaku |
|---|---|---|
| 304 / 304L | ~100–200 ppm | Iphantsi ukuba imingxunya, iindawo ezidityanisiweyo, okanye amaqondo obushushu adlula ama-50°C |
| 316 / 316L | ~1,000+ ppm | Ukusebenza kuyaphucuka xa i-passivation kunye ne-drainage efanelekileyo |
| 2205 I-Duplex | ~3,000–5,000+ ppm | Umgangatho wokuntywiliselwa emanzini olwandle rhoqo |
Amanzi olwandle kwi-19,000 ppm chloride adlula i-304's ekhuselekileyo nge-oda ezimbini zobukhulu. Kwaneendawo zokutshiza kunye ne-salt spray zinokugxininisa ii-chloride ngokuphuma komphunga, yiyo loo nto i-316 ilukhetho olugcina i-conservative kuyo nayiphi na i-hardware eneetyuwa eziqhelekileyo.
Ulindelo Kubomi Benkonzo
Kumanzi anetyuwa ngqo, izixhobo ezingama-304 zinokubonisa ukubola kweti okanye ukudaya kweti kwiinyanga ezi-6-12. Izixhobo ezingama-316 xa zichatshazelwe ngendlela efanayo, ngoyilo olufanelekileyo kunye nokuhlanjwa, zingahlala iminyaka emi-5-20 nangaphezulu kuxhomekeke kwindawo. Ukusasazeka kubanzi kuba ijiyometri, ukugqitywa komphezulu, ukufikelela kwioksijini, kunye nokugcinwa kwazo kubalulekile njenge-alloy.
Ingcali yeenqwelo-moya eGuangdong itshintshe ii-handrails ezingama-304 nge-316 emva kokuba ii-rails ezisezantsi ziphume apho amaza aqhuma khona. Ii-rails ezitshintshiweyo azizange zibonise kuhlaselwa kubalulekileyo emva kweminyaka emine. Inkcazelo yokuqala ye-316 ibingayi kubiza kakhulu kunokuthengwa kokuqala okudibeneyo kunye nokulungiswa kwakhona.
Iindawo Zokuchatshazelwa Yimfazwe Yaselwandle: Apho I-316 Iphumelela Khona Nalapho Izabalazela Khona
Ayizizo zonke iindawo eziphila elwandle ezilingana. Uhlobo olufanayo lunokuhlala amashumi eminyaka kwindawo enye luze lungaphumeleli kwenye ngeenyanga.
Umoya oNxweme
Ngaphakathi kwe-1–2 km ukusuka elwandle, umoya ogcwele ityuwa uhlala phezu komhlaba kwaye ufunxa umswakama. I-316 ikhethwa kakhulu kwiireyili, iifacade, izibane, kunye nokuhlobisa izakhiwo kwezi ndawo. I-304 ingasinda ngaphakathi okanye kwiiyadi ezikhuselekileyo, kodwa kusenokwenzeka ukuba ibonise idayi yeti kufutshane nonxweme ngaphandle kokuba icocwa rhoqo.
Iindawo eziHlanganayo
Iindawo zokutshiza ziphakathi kwezona ndawo zinobundlongondlongo. Ukumanzisa nokomisa ngokutshintshatshintsha kugxila iikloridi kumphezulu. Iigreyidi ezingama-316 okanye ezimbini zihlala zichaziwe kwizixhobo ezitshiza ngokuxuba. I-304 ayikhuthazwa ngokubanzi.
Ukuntywiliselwa Emanzini Olwandle Okuqhubekayo
Apha umfanekiso uba nobuchule ngakumbi. I-316 ingenza kakuhle emanzini olwandle ahambayo, acocekileyo, kwaye anobushushu obuphakathi. I- British Stainless Steel Association ilumkisa ukuba amanzi olwandle angashukumiyo andisa umngcipheko. Ukuhamba kancinci kunye nokuhamba okuthe tye apho amanzi anokuma khona kukwanyusa umngcipheko wokugqwala kwemingxuma kunye nokuqhekeka kwi-316. Amanqanaba aphezulu okuhamba kwamanzi kunye nokuhlamba rhoqo kunciphisa umngcipheko.
Ukuze kufakwe amanzi olwandle afudumeleyo, angcolileyo, okanye akhawulezayo, kudla ngokubalwa amagreyidi e-duplex 2205 okanye amagreyidi e-super-austenitic. I- World Stainless Organisation iphawula ukuba amagreyidi e-super-austenitic akhethwa kakhulu xa kufakwe amanzi asisigxina anzima kakhulu.
Ukuvezwa kolwandle kunye nokuphazamiseka okukhawulezileyo
Iindawo zokuma kwamanzi zidla ngokuba nomsindo omncinci kuneendawo zokutshiza amanzi kuba umphezulu uhlala uhlanjwa ngamanzi. I-316 isetyenziswa kakhulu kwizixhobo zokuma kwamanzi, izixhobo, kunye neenkqubo ze-anchor. Uyilo lokukhupha amanzi luhlala lubalulekile.
Izicelo zoLwandle eziQhelekileyo ze-316 Stainless Steel
Izixhobo zohlobo lwe-marine zentsimbi engagqwali ezingama-316 ziyavela kumashishini aselwandle nakumanxweme:
- Izixhobo zedekhi yesikhephe: iirelingi, iistanchions, ii-cleats, ii-winches, iihinges, kunye nee-latches
- Izixhobo zokufaka i-through-hull, ii-seacocks, kunye neevalvu
- Iishafti zepropeller, iishafti zepompo, kunye nezixhobo zerudder
- Iitsheyini ze-anchor, ii-windglasses, kunye nee-bow rollers
- Izinto zokwakha zaselunxwemeni: izikhonkwane, iifacade, izithsaba, kunye neepali zokukhanyisa
- Imibhobho yezityalo zokukhupha ityuwa kunye nezixhobo zokutshintshiselana ubushushu
- Iikheji zezilwanyana zasemanzini, iinethi, kunye neefreyimu zokuxhasa
- Iziqhoboshi zaselwandle, iibholiti, amantongomane, kunye neewasher
- Izindlu zezixhobo zokuntywila kunye nezixhobo zangaphantsi kwamanzi
Kwisicelo ngasinye, umgangatho olungileyo uxhomekeke ekubeni inxalenye itshixiwe, intywiliselwa rhoqo, ityhileke ngokutshiza, okanye ikwimo yomoya nje. I-bolt ye-316 kwi-lap joint eyilwe kakubi isenokungaphumeleli ngokukhawuleza kune-bolt ye-304 kwisakhiwo esivulekileyo nesinokukhupha amanzi.
I-316L vs 316 yeZakhiwo zoLwandle eziWelded
Ukuwelda kutshintsha umngcipheko wokugqwala. Indawo echaphazeleka bubushushu inokuziva ukuba i-chromium carbides iyenzeka kwimida yeenkozo, ishiya iindawo eziphelelwe yi-chromium ezigqwala ngokukhethekileyo kwinkonzo ye-chloride.
I-Standard 316 inomthamo ophezulu wekhabhoni oyi-0.08%. I-316L igcina ikhabhoni kwi-0.03% okanye ngaphantsi. Oko kunciphisa kuncinci kunciphisa kakhulu imvula yekhabhoni ngexesha lokuwelda kunye nenkonzo yobushushu obuphezulu. Kwifreyimu zeenqanawa eziwelding, iirelingi, iitanki, kunye nezakhiwo zaselunxwemeni, chaza i-316L endaweni ye-316 esemgangathweni.
Ukukhethwa kwesinyithi esizalisa nayo ibalulekile. I-Weld 316/316L nge-ER316L. Ukucoca emva kokuwelda kunye nokuthambisa kubuyisela ifilimu engasebenziyo. Ngaphandle kokuthambisa, isikali se-weld sinokuba yindawo yokuqala yokugqwala.
Indawo yokulungisa iinqanawa eNingbo itshintshele kwi-316L yeempumlo zetanki ezitshixiweyo emva kokuba iimpumlo eziqhelekileyo ze-316 zibonise ukuhlaselwa kwe-cravice kwindawo echaphazelekileyo bubushushu. Olu tshintsho lususe imo yokusilela.
Imithetho yoYilo kunye nokuThenga yoLwandle 316
Ukukhetha amanqaku sisiqingatha nje semfazwe. Uyilo oluhle kunye nokuqinisekiswa kubalulekile.
Imithetho yoyilo
- Ziphephe izibambi zamanzi. Imibhobho ethe tye kunye neepokotho ezivaliweyo zivumela amanzi olwandle ukuba ame, nto leyo eyonyusa umngcipheko wokugcwala kwemingxuma.
- Yila iindawo zokudibanisa amanzi ukuze zikhuphe amanzi kwaye zome. Sebenzisa imingxunya yokukhupha amanzi apho amanzi anokuqokelelana khona.
- Nciphisa imingxunya. Amajoyinti eentambo, imiphetho ye-gasket, kunye nemisonto yebolt ibamba iikloride. Sebenzisa izitywini okanye ii-welds eziqhubekayo apho kunokwenzeka khona.
- Cacisa ukugqitywa komphezulu ogudileyo. Imiphezulu erhabaxa ibonelela ngendawo ezininzi zokuqalisa. Ukufakelwa kwe-passivation emva kokwenziwa okanye ukuwelda kubuyisela ifilimu engasebenziyo.
- Hlukanisa iintsimbi ezahlukeneyo. Isinyithi sekhabhoni, i-aluminium, kwanezinye ii-alloys zobhedu zinokwenza izibini ze-galvanic ngentsimbi engagqwali emanzini olwandle.
- Cinga ngee-anode ezizincamayo xa kuhlanganiswa izinto ezintywilisiweyo. Ii-anode zikhusela intsimbi engagqwaliyo ngokuyigqwala ngokukhethekileyo.
Ukuqinisekiswa kokuthengwa kwempahla
Ngenxa yokuba iileyibhile azilawulwa, abathengi kufuneka baqinisekise ikhemikhali yezinto ezibonakalayo ngaphambi kokuba bamkele ukuhanjiswa:
- Cela iSatifikethi soVavanyo lweMill (MTC) esibonisa amaxabiso okwenyani eCr, Ni, Mo, kunye neC.
- Qinisekisa ukuba i-molybdenum iphakathi kwe-2.0–3.0%.
- Sebenzisa i-XRF ephathekayo xa uhlola izinto ezixabisekileyo okanye ezibalulekileyo.
- Sebenzisa uvavanyo lwe-molybdenum njengovavanyo olukhawulezileyo lwe-hardware apho i-XRF ingafumaneki khona.
- Lumka ngezinto zokubopha okanye izixhobo ezingaphawulwanga ezithengiswa kuphela njenge "marine stainless".
I-LIANYUNGANG DAPU METAL ibonelela ngentsimbi engagqwaliyo engama-316 kunye ne-316L eneZatifikethi zoVavanyo lweMill kunye nokulandeleka okupheleleyo. Cela isiqinisekiso sezinto xa ubeka iodolo yakho.
Xa i-316 inganelanga: Phucula uye kwiDuplex
I-316 ayimelani nokugqwala. Phantsi kweemeko ezingalunganga, iya kugqwala kwaye iqhekeke. Cinga ngokutshintshela kwiindidi ezimbini okanye ezingaphezulu kakhulu xa:
- Amanqanaba e-chloride adlula ~1,000–3,000 ppm rhoqo.
- Ubushushu benkonzo buhlala bungaphezulu kwama-50–60°C emanzini e-chloride.
- Le nxalenye intywiliselwa ngokusisigxina emanzini olwandle afudumeleyo, angcolileyo, okanye anesantya esiphezulu.
- Iikroba azinakuphepheka kwaye i-316 ayiphumelelanga okanye isemdeni.
- Iimfuno zobomi boyilo zidlula iminyaka engama-20 ekuntywilisweni ngamandla.
I-Duplex 2205 ine-PREN emalunga nama-35. I-Super duplex 2507 idlula ama-40. La manqanaba abiza kakhulu kwangaphambili, kodwa xa esebenza ngamandla anokunciphisa iindleko zomjikelo wobomi ngokuphepha ukutshintsha.
Xa i-304 yamkelekile ngokwenene
I-316 ayisoloko iyimfuneko. Kwiindawo ezine-chloride ephantsi, i-304 inika ukusebenza okufanayo kokugqwala ngexabiso eliphantsi. Cacisa i-304 xa:
- Ukufakwa kwenziwa ngaphakathi endlwini okanye emanzini acocekileyo.
- Uyilo luvulekile, luyakwazi ukutsalwa amanzi, kwaye alunazimfanta.
- Le ndawo ihombisile, ayiyoyakhiwo, kwaye ibekwe kakuhle ngaphakathi kwelizwe ngenxa yetyuwa.
- Ubushushu bokusebenza buhlala bungaphantsi kwama-50°C.
- Ukonga iindleko kubalulekile kwaye umngcipheko wokugqwala awunamsebenzi.
Umcebisi wezakhiwo eShanghai uchaze i-316 yefacade yeofisi engaphakathi kuba umthengi wayecinga ukuba yeyona nqanaba liphezulu. Iwaranti yokugqwala yeminyaka engama-20 yayifumaneka kwi-304 ngexabiso eliphantsi le-38%. Isakhiwo sasijonge esitalatweni sesixeko, hayi elwandle. I-304 yayiyeyona nkcitho ikrelekrele.
I-Selection Matrix: 304, 316, 316L, okanye i-Duplex?
Sebenzisa le matrix ukuze uthelekise ibakala nendawo engqongileyo.
| okusingqongileyo | IBanga elicetyiswayo | Ngoba |
|---|---|---|
| Endlini / emanzini acocekileyo | 304 | I-chloride ephantsi, ayibizi kakhulu |
| Imozulu eselunxwemeni (≤1 km ukusuka elwandle) | 316 | Ityuwa kunye nokufuma |
| Indawo yokuchitha amanzi olwandle | 316 / kabini | Ukuvezwa kwe-chloride exineneyo |
| Ukuntywiliselwa emanzini olwandle rhoqo | I-duplex eyi-316L / 2205 | I-chloride ephezulu, kufuneka i-PREN ≥ 32 |
| Izixhobo zaselwandle ezidityanisiweyo | 316L | Ikhabhoni ephantsi ithintela uvakalelo |
| Amanzi olwandle ashushu okanye angcolisiweyo | I-duplex engu-2205/2507 | Imvulophu ekhuselekileyo engaphezulu kwe-316 |
| Ukutya okunetyuwa / iityuwa ezine-asidi | 316L | Ukugqwala kunye nokucoceka |
Imibuzo ebuzwa qho
Ingaba i-316 stainless steel yodidi lolwandle?
Ewe, i-316 ibizwa ngokubanzi ngokuba yi-marine grade stainless steel kuba umxholo wayo we-2–3% ye-molybdenum uyinika ukumelana okunamandla ne-chloride pitting kunye ne-crevice corrosion emanzini anetyuwa nakwiindawo ezikufutshane. Eli gama alilawulwa, ngoko ke abathengi kufuneka baqinisekise ikhemistri endaweni yokuthembela kwiileyibhile.
Ngaba intsimbi engagqwaliyo engama-304 ingasetyenziswa emanzini anetyuwa?
Kuphela kwiimeko ezimbalwa kakhulu. I-304 ayinayo i-molybdenum kwaye ayinayo i-chloride enomda osebenzayo omalunga ne-100–200 ppm. Ukuvezwa ngqo kwamanzi anetyuwa, iindawo zokutshiza, kunye nezixhobo zaselunxwemeni zihlala zifuna i-316 okanye umgangatho ophezulu. I-304 inokusinda kwi-salt spray ngamanye amaxesha ukuba icociwe kwaye yomiswa rhoqo.
Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-316 kunye ne-316L yohlobo lwe-marine grade?
I-316L inomthamo ophantsi wekhabhoni (ubuninzi be-0.03% xa kuthelekiswa nobuninzi be-0.08% kwi-316 eqhelekileyo). Ikhabhoni ephantsi inciphisa imvula ye-chromium carbide ngexesha lokuwelda, nto leyo eyenza i-316L ibe lolona khetho lungcono kwizakhiwo zaselwandle eziweldayo kunye neendawo ezichaphazelekileyo bubushushu.
Ngaba i-316 stainless steel iza kugqwala emanzini anetyuwa?
I-316 isenokufaka ibala okanye ingcolise phantsi koxinzelelo olukhulu lwe-chloride, ukugqitywa komphezulu ongalunganga, imingxunya enzima, okanye ukudibana kwe-galvanic neentsimbi ezahlukeneyo. Igama elichanekileyo lithi “ayinabala,” hayi “ayinabala.” Uyilo olufanelekileyo, ukuthambisa, kunye nokuhlamba kwandisa ubomi benkonzo.
Ihlala ixesha elingakanani intsimbi engagqwaliyo engama-316 emanzini anetyuwa?
Ngoyilo oluhle nolondolozo, i-316 ingahlala iminyaka emi-5–20 nangaphezulu emanzini anetyuwa. Ixesha lokuphila lixhomekeke kakhulu kwindawo yokuvezwa, ukugqitywa komphezulu, uyilo lwemingxuma, kunye nokugcinwa kwayo. Ukuntywiliselwa rhoqo emanzini afudumeleyo okanye angcolileyo kunokufuna amanqanaba amabini ukuze kuphile ubomi obufanayo.
Ndingayisebenzisa nini i-duplex endaweni ye-316?
Phucula uye kwi-duplex 2205 xa amanqanaba e-chloride edlula i-~1,000–3,000 ppm ngokuqhubekayo, ubushushu benkonzo bungaphezulu kwe-50–60°C emanzini e-chloride, inxalenye intywiliselwa emanzini olwandle ngokusisigxina, okanye imingxunya ayinakuphepheka. I-Duplex 2205 ine-PREN ye-~35 xa ithelekiswa ne-~24–26 kwi-316.
Ndingayazi njani ukuba izixhobo zam ziyintsimbi engagqwaliyo engama-316?
Cela iSatifikethi soVavanyo lweMill esibonisa ikhemistri yokwenyani, ingakumbi umxholo we-molybdenum. Ukuhlola okungenayo, sebenzisa i-XRF ephathekayo okanye uvavanyo lwe-molybdenum spot. Izixhobo ezingaphawulwanga ezithengiswa kuphela njenge-"marine grade" kufuneka ziphathwe ngononophelo.
Ingaba i-316 ixabisa ixabiso elongezelelweyo ngaphezu kwe-304 yokusetyenziswa elwandle?
Ngokwesiqhelo ewe. I-316 idla ngokubiza ngaphezulu kwama-20–40% kune-304, kodwa kumanzi anetyuwa okanye inkonzo eselunxwemeni ubomi obude benkonzo kunye neendleko zokutshintsha eziphantsi zihlala zenza kube lolona khetho luphantsi lweendleko zizonke. Kwiindawo zangaphakathi, emanzini acocekileyo, okanye kwiindawo zokuhombisa, i-304 idla ngokuba yeyona nkcitho ikrelekrele.
isiphelo
Ukuthelekisa ukusebenza kwe-316 stainless steel marine grade performance ne-304 akuthethi ukufumana ophumeleleyo kwihlabathi liphela. Kumalunga nokufanisa i-alloy nokusingqongileyo kolwandle. Kwi-salt spray, kwiindawo ze-splash, kunye ne-hardware ezininzi zaselunxwemeni, i-316/316L iyaphumelela kuba i-molybdenum izinzisa ifilimu engasebenziyo. Kwizicelo ze-chloride ephantsi, zangaphakathi, okanye zamanzi acocekileyo, i-304 inika ubomi benkonzo efanayo ngexabiso eliphantsi. Kwi-aggressive continuous infringement, ii-duplex grades zihlala ziba lutyalo-mali olukhuselekileyo.
Sebenzisa i-PREN, i-chloride thresholds, kunye ne-exposure-zone logic ukuze udlule kwiileyibhile. Kwaye khumbula: ukukhetha amanqaku yinxalenye nje yesisombululo. Ukukhupha amanzi kakuhle, ukuwelda okucocekileyo, ukudlulisa amanzi emva kokuwelda, kunye nokuqinisekiswa kokuthengwa kweeMill Test Certificates kudla ngokubaluleka njenge-alloy ngokwayo.
I-LIANYUNGANG DAPU METAL ibonelela ngentsimbi engagqwaliyo engama-316 kunye ne-316L kwiishiti, iipleyiti, iikhoyili, iipayipi, kunye neefom ezenziwe ngokwezifiso ezineSatifikethi soVavanyo lweMill kunye nokulandeleka okupheleleyo. Cela ikowuteshini okanye isikhokelo solwandle esikhethekileyo.
