Umahluko ophambili phakathi kwe-304L kunye ne-316L yentsimbi engatyiwayo yi-molybdenum. I-316L ine-2–3% ye-molybdenum, ngelixa i-304L ayinayo nanye. Zombini zii-austenitic grades ezine-carbon ephantsi ezinqunyelwe kwi-0.03% ye-carbon, nto leyo eyenza ukuba zibe ngcono kwiimveliso ezidityanisiweyo kune-304 kunye ne-316 eqhelekileyo. I-"L" imele i-carbon ephantsi, hayi amandla aphantsi. Kwiindawo ezityebileyo nge-chloride ezifana nolwandle, iikhemikhali, amayeza, kunye nokulungiswa kokutya ngokucoca ngamandla, i-316L yeyona nkcazelo ikhuselekileyo; kwinkonzo yangaphakathi, yamanzi acocekileyo, okanye ye-chloride ephantsi kwimizi-mveliso, i-304L idla ngokubonelela ngokumelana nokugqwala okwaneleyo ngexabiso eliphantsi.
Umphathi wezinto ezithengiswayo kwifektri yezixhobo zokutya eZhejiang wafunda olu mahluko ngendlela enzima. Iqela lakhe latshintsha i-304L nge-316L kwitanki yokuphatha ityuwa ukuze longe i-18% kwixabiso lezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo, kodwa kwiinyanga ezilishumi, iindawo zokuwelda ezikufutshane nomnyango wetyuwa zabonisa ukuba ityuwa ityiwe kwaye itshiswe iti. Itanki kwafuneka ihlulwe, itshiswe kwakhona kwi-316L, kwaye ingasetyenziswa; ukulungiswa kwakhona kubiza ngaphezulu kwe-premium yezinto zokuqala. Esi sikhokelo sichaza isigqibo sentsimbi engagqwaliyo ye-304L vs 316L ukuze uchaze umgangatho ofanelekileyo okokuqala.
IItrakthi ezibalulekileyo
- I-304L kunye ne-316L ziinguqulelo ze-low-carbon ze 304 and 316, zombini zikhawulelwe kwi-0.03% yekhabhoni ukunciphisa uvakalelo lwe-weld.
- Umxholo we-molybdenum we-316L oyi-2–3% uyinika ukumelana nokugqwala okungcono kakhulu kwe-chloride pitting kunye ne-crevice kune-304L.
- Amandla okutsalwa kunye nokukhupha aphantse afane ngokwe-ASTM A240 nganye: i-70 ksi tensile kunye ne-25 ksi yield kuzo zombini iiklasi.
- I-316L idla ngokubiza ngaphezulu kwe-15-30% kune-304L, kodwa iprimiyamu idla ngokuyibuyisela kwinkonzo enamandla ngokuphila ixesha elide kunye nokugcinwa okuncinci.
- Sebenzisa i-304L xa ufaka izinto ezifakwe ngaphakathi ezitshixiweyo, ezingena-chloride ininzi; sebenzisa i-316L xa usebenzisa izixhobo zasemanzini, zeekhemikhali, zamayeza, nezokutya ezivezwe kwiikloride okanye kwiiasidi.
- Qinisekisa ikhemistri yebanga ngokusebenzisa iiMill Test Certificates okanye uvavanyo lwe-XRF oluzayo; iilebhile ezifana ne-“L-grade” azanele.
Imela ntoni i-“L”?
I-“L” kwi-304L kunye ne-316L ithetha ikhabhoni ephantsi . I-ASTM A240 inciphisa ikhabhoni kuzo zombini iiklasi ukuya kutsho kwi-0.03%. I-Standard 304 kunye ne-316 ivumela ikhabhoni ukuya kuthi ga kwi-0.08%. Loo mahluko mncinci unefuthe elikhulu kwizakhiwo ezidibeneyo.
Ukuze ujonge nzulu amanqanaba esiseko, bona isikhokelo sethu se-304 stainless steel kunye nesikhokelo se-316 stainless steel.
Xa intsimbi engagqwaliyo ye-austenitic ifudunyezwa kuluhlu lwe-425–870°C ngexesha lokuwelda, ikhabhoni inokudibana ne-chromium ukwenza amasuntswana e-chromium carbide kwimida yeenkozo. Le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba yi-sensitization. Iikhabhoni zisusa i-chromium kwisinyithi esisecaleni, zenze buthathaka ifilimu engasebenziyo kwaye zenze indlela yokugqwala kwindawo echaphazelekileyo bubushushu. Amanqanaba e-"L" anciphisa ikhabhoni ekhoyo, ethintela ukuna kwe-carbide kwaye igcine ukumelana nokugqwala emva kokuwelda.
Ingcamango ephosakeleyo eqhelekileyo kukuba "u-L" uthetha amandla aphantsi. Akunjalo. Umxholo wekhabhoni ophantsi uyawanciphisa amandla amiselweyo kancinci xa kuthelekiswa nomgangatho ongu-304 no-316, kodwa umahluko mncinci. Kwiindlela ezininzi zokubala uyilo, i-304L kunye ne-316L ziyatshintshana nezinye ezisemgangathweni ngokusekelwe kumandla.
Kwizinto ezingadityanisiweyo ezikwinkonzo ephakathi, i-standard 304 okanye i-316 idla ngokwamkeleka kwaye ingabizi kakhulu. Nje ukuba i-welding, ukuvezwa kubushushu obuphezulu ixesha elide, okanye iimeko ezirhabaxa zingene emfanekisweni, ii-grades "L" ziba yeyona nkcazelo ingcono. Ukuze ufumane uthelekiso olubanzi lwee-grades zesiseko, jonga uthelekiso lwethu olupheleleyo lwe-304 vs 316 yentsimbi engagqwaliyo.
Intsimbi Engagqwaliyo ye-304L vs 316L: Ukwakheka kweekhemikhali
I-ASTM A240 icacisa uluhlu olulandelayo lokwakheka kwepleyiti efakwe i-annealed, ishiti, kunye nomcu:
| Element | 304L (UNS S30403) | 316L (UNS S31603) |
|---|---|---|
| Chromium | 18.0-20.0% | 16.0-18.0% |
| nickel | 8.0-12.0% | 10.0-14.0% |
| Molybdenum | nanye | 2.0-3.0% |
| Ikhabhoni (ubuninzi) | 0.03% | 0.03% |
| IManganese (ubuninzi) | 2.00% | 2.00% |
| I-silicon (ubuninzi) | 0.75% | 0.75% |
| Phosphorus (ubuninzi) | 0.045% | 0.045% |
| I-Sulfur (ubuninzi) | 0.030% | 0.030% |
| Nitrogen (ubuninzi) | 0.10% | 0.10% |
Umahluko omkhulu yi-molybdenum. I-316L iqulethe i-molybdenum eyi-2.0–3.0% ngelixa i-304L iqulethe akukho nanye. I-Molybdenum ayenzi ifilimu ye-chromium oxide engasebenziyo ngokwayo, kodwa izinzisa loo filimu ngokuchasene nokuhlaselwa kwe-chloride kwaye icothise ukukhula kwemingxuma xa sele iqalile. I-Nickel iphezulu kancinci kwi-316L, nto leyo ephucula ukumelana kwezinye iindawo ezine-asidi kunye ne-reduction.
I-Chromium iphantsi kancinci kwi-316L kune-304L, kodwa ukongezwa kwe-molybdenum kungaphezulu kune-chloride service. Zombini ezi klasi zine-0.03% carbon ceiling efanayo, ngoko zombini azikwazi ukuvakalelwa ngcono kunee-standard-grade equivalents zazo.
Xa uthenga izinto, soloko uqinisekisa ikhemistri yokwenyani endaweni yokuthemba isitampu sebanga. Cela iSatifikethi soVavanyo lweMill esibonisa ikhabhoni kwi-0.03% okanye ngaphantsi kwayo, kwaye kwi-316L, i-molybdenum ngaphakathi koluhlu lwe-2.0–3.0%. I-XRF analyzer ephathwayo inokuqinisekisa ikhemistri kwisitokhwe esingenayo ngemizuzwana.
Iimpawu zeMechanical: Ngaba Kukho Umahluko Wokwenene?
Ngokwe-ASTM A240, ubuncinci beempawu zoomatshini ezichaziweyo ze-304L kunye ne-316L ezifakwe kwi-anneal ziphantse zifane:
| ipropati | 304L | 316L |
|---|---|---|
| Amandla Okuqina (min) | 70 ksi (485 MPa) | 70 ksi (485 MPa) |
| Amandla eSivuno (0.2% offset, min) | 25 ksi (170 MPa) | 25 ksi (170 MPa) |
| Ukwandiswa kwi-50 mm (umzuzu) | 40% | 40% |
| Ubunzima (Rockwell B, ubuninzi) | 92 HRB | 95 HRB |
Amandla okuxinana aphantsi kunye namandla okuvelisa ayafana kuzo zombini iiklasi. Oku kubalulekile kuba abanye abathengi bayawaphepha amanqanaba "L" becinga ukuba abuthathaka. Enyanisweni, ukunciphisa amandla avela kwikhabhoni ephantsi kuncinci, kwaye ubuncinci be-ASTM abuwahluli phakathi kwabo kwiimpawu ezingentla.
I-316L inzima kancinci ukuyitshixa kune-304L kuba i-molybdenum yonyusa ukuqina komsebenzi kunye nokuguguleka kwezixhobo. Abenzi bezinto badla ngokusebenzisa isantya esicothayo, izixhobo ezibukhali, kunye nokuseta okuqinileyo xa betshixa i-316L. Zombini ezi klasi zisebenza ngokulula. Ukuguquguquka okukhulu komkhuhlane kunokunyusa amandla ngaphezu kwe-annealed minimums. I-cold-drawn bar okanye i-spring temperament strip inokufikelela kumandla okutsalwa ngaphezulu kwe-100 ksi, kodwa ulwahlulo oluhambelanayo phakathi kwezi klasi zimbini luhlala lufana.
Kwizakhiwo ezitshisiweyo, indawo echaphazelekileyo bubushushu kwi-316L igcina ukumelana nokugqwala okungcono kune-316 eqhelekileyo, ngelixa i-304L inika inzuzo efanayo kune-304 eqhelekileyo. Isiphumo somatshini sokukhetha u-“L” sincinci; isiphumo sokugqwala sinokuba sisigqibo.
Ukumelana nokugqwala kwe-316L vs 304L: Imida ye-PREN kunye ne-Chloride
Umahluko osebenzayo phakathi kwe-304L kunye ne-316L ubonakala ngokucacileyo kwiindawo ezityebileyo nge-chloride. Iinjineli zilinganisa ukumelana kwemingxuma zisebenzisa i-Pitting Resistance Equivalent Number:
I-PREN = %Cr + 3.3(%Mo) + 16(%N)
| kwiBanga | I-PREN eqhelekileyo |
|---|---|
| 304 / 304L | ~18–20 |
| 316 / 316L | ~24–26 |
| 2205 I-Duplex | ~ 35 |
Inzuzo ye-PREN engama-6–8 point ye-316L ngaphezu kwe-304L iguqulela ekuchaseni okungcono kakhulu kwi-chloride pitting kunye ne-crevice corrosion. Kumanzi acocekileyo akufutshane ane-chloride engaphantsi kwe-100–200 ppm, i-304L isebenza kakuhle. Kumanzi anetyuwa, i-brine, i-de-icing salt exposure, okanye i-atmospheres yemizi-mveliso ene-chloride, i-316L lukhetho oluhlala luhleli.
| kwiBanga | Umda weChloride oSebenzayo (Cl⁻) | amaNqaku |
|---|---|---|
| 304 / 304L | ~100–200 ppm | Iphantsi ukuba imingxunya, iindawo ezidityanisiweyo, okanye amaqondo obushushu adlula ama-50°C |
| 316 / 316L | ~1,000+ ppm | Ukusebenza kuyaphucuka xa i-passivation kunye ne-drainage efanelekileyo |
| 2205 I-Duplex | ~3,000–5,000+ ppm | Umgangatho wokuntywiliselwa emanzini olwandle rhoqo |
Ukumelana nokugqwala okuqhelekileyo emoyeni kulungile kuzo zombini iiklasi emoyeni ococekileyo. Umahluko uvela xa kukho iikloridi, iiasidi, okanye ukufuma okungashukumiyo. Umngcipheko wokugqwala okuphakathi kweegranular emva kokuwelda uphantsi kwiiklasi "L" zombini kunezo ziqhelekileyo, yiyo loo nto zilawula ukwenziwa okuweldayo. Ukuze ufumane uthelekiso oluhambelanayo lweendlela zokugqwala, funda isikhokelo sethu sokugqwala kwentsimbi engagqwaliyo i-304 vs 316.
Ikhontraktha yonxweme eFujian ifake ii-stanchions ze-handrail ze-304L kwisakhiwo esikwiimitha ezingama-800 ukusuka elwandle ukuze ihlangabezane nohlahlo-lwabiwo mali oluncinci. Kwiinyanga ezili-18, ii-stanchions ezisezantsi zabonisa imingxuma apho i-spray yetyuwa yomile yaza yaphinda yafakwa khona. Ukutshintsha kwazo nge-316L kwasusa iwaranti yokubuyela umva. Inkcazelo yokuqala ye-316L ibingayi kubiza kakhulu kunokuthenga, ukususa, kunye nokufaka kwakhona.
Ukuwelda kwe-304L vs 316L: Ukubonakalisa Ubunzulu, Iintsimbi Zokugcwalisa, kunye nokuCoca Emva Kokuwelda
Ukuwelda kulapho amanqanaba "L" afumana khona indawo yawo. Ngexesha lokuwelda kwe-arc, indawo echaphazelekileyo bubushushu ifikelela kumaqondo obushushu anokuthintela ii-carbide ze-chromium kwimida yeenkozo. Oku kuvakala kushiya ibhendi encinci ecaleni kwe-weld encitshisiweyo kwi-chromium kwaye isengozini yokuhlaselwa yi-intergranular. I-carbon ephantsi kwi-304L kunye ne-316L iyayithintela le carbide, ngoko ke i-weld joint igcina ukumelana nokugqwala kufutshane noko kwesinyithi esisisiseko.
Kwizakhiwo ezidityanisiweyo ezibalulekileyo, ukhetho lwentsimbi yokuzalisa lubalulekile:
| Isiseko sesinyithi | Isinyithi Esidibanisayo |
|---|---|
| 304L | I-ER308L |
| 316L | I-ER316L |
Ukusebenzisa isizali esichanekileyo esithi “L” kuqinisekisa ukuba idiphozithi ye-weld ikwamelana nokuziva. Kwi-316L welds ezivezwe kwi-chloride, isizali se-ER316L sibaluleke kakhulu kuba sigcina umxholo we-molybdenum kwidiphozithi. Ukusebenzisa isizali se-308L kwi-base metal ye-316L kuya kushiya indawo ye-weld ine-molybdenum encinci, nto leyo edala indlela ebuthathaka yokuhlaselwa yi-chloride.
Ukucoca emva kokuwelda kususa umbala wobushushu kunye nongcoliseko lomphezulu olunokuba neekloride. Ukukhupha kwi-nitric okanye i-citric acid kubuyisela ifilimu engasebenziyo etyebileyo kwi-chromium. Kwizixhobo zamayeza nezokutya, ukupholisha nge-electro kudla ngokongeza ukunciphisa uburhabaxa bomphezulu kunye nokususa iziphene ezincinci apho iibhaktheriya okanye iikloride zinokuqokelelana khona.
Umenzi wesitya soxinzelelo eJiangsu utshintshe ukusuka kwi-316 eqhelekileyo ukuya kwi-316L yebhetshi yeetanki zokugcina iikhemikhali emva kweziganeko ezibini zewaranti ezilandelelwe kukubola kwendawo echaphazeleka bubushushu. Ixabiso lezinto zokwakha lenyuke kancinci, kodwa ukususwa kwesisombululo se-annealing emva kokuwelda kunye nokulungiswa kwakhona kwenze i-316L yaba lolona khetho lubiza kancinci ngokubanzi.
I-304L vs 316L ngokwesicelo
Umgangatho ofanelekileyo uxhomekeke kwindawo esingqongileyo, iimfuno zokuwelda, kunye nemida yemithetho. Apha ngezantsi kukho uhlalutyo lweshishini ngalinye.
Izixhobo zoKutya neziselo
I-304L isetyenziswa kakhulu kwizixhobo zokulungisa ukutya ezifana neetanki, ii-conveyor, iitafile, kunye nemibhobho apho kungekho khona ii-chloride. Iyashibilika ngokucocekileyo, ihlangabezana neemfuno zococeko, kwaye igcina iindleko zilawulwa.
I-316L iba lolona khetho lungcono xa inkqubo ibandakanya ityuwa, ityuwa enetyuwa, iisosi ezine-asidi, iimveliso ezivundisiweyo, okanye ikhemistri yokucoca endaweni (CIP). Umvelisi wesosi yesoya yaseGuangdong ekuqaleni wakha iitanki zakhe zokuvundisa kwi-304L. Ukuqunjelwa kwaqala ukubonakala kwiinzwane ze-weld apho uxinzelelo lwe-chloride lwaluphezulu khona. Ukutshintshela kwi-316L kunye nokongeza i-electropolish kusombulule ingxaki kwaye kwandisa ubomi betanki ukusuka kwiminyaka esi-8 ukuya kwiminyaka engaphezu kwama-20.
Ukuze ufumane okungakumbi ngeemfuno zokutya ezikumgangatho wokutya, jonga isikhokelo sethu semigangatho yentsimbi engagqwaliyo ekumgangatho wokutya.
Amayeza kunye neBioprocessing
I-316L yeyona nqanaba limiselweyo kwiindawo zokunxibelelana kwemveliso kwizixhobo zamayeza. Iitanki, izitya, imibhobho, iivalvu, kunye nee-bioreactors ezichukumisa iimveliso zamayeza, amanzi okujova (i-WFI), okanye izisombululo ze-buffer zihlala zichazwe kwi-316L. Le nqanaba linyamezela ukucoca ngamandla, imijikelo ye-steam-in-place (SIP), kunye nee-sanitizers ezine-chloride ngcono kune-304L.
I-304L isamkeleka kwiifreyimu zesakhiwo, iiskidi, iindawo ezivalekileyo, kunye neephaneli ezingadibaniyo. Umenzi weyeza waseJiangsu unciphise ixabiso lezinto zokwakha malunga ne-25% ngokuchaza i-316L kuphela kwiindawo ezidibaniyo nemveliso kunye ne-304L yenkxaso yesakhiwo. Le ndlela ihambelana ne-ASME BPE kunye ne-3-A Sanitary Standards ngelixa ilawula uhlahlo-lwabiwo mali.
Ezaselwandle naseluNxwemeni
Kwizicelo zaselwandle, i-316L idla ngokukhethwa ngaphakathi kwe-1–2 km ukusuka elwandle nakwizixhobo ezibona ityuwa itshiza, i-splash, okanye ukuchatshazelwa ngamaza. Umxholo wayo we-molybdenum uyamelana ne-chloride pitting ehlasela i-304L. Kwinkonzo yamanzi olwandle angaphantsi komhlaba okanye anamandla aphezulu, ii-duplex grades ezifana ne-2205 zihlala zingcono kune-316L.
I-304L ingasebenza kwiindawo ezikhuselekileyo zangaphakathi, iindawo zokubhukuda zangaphakathi ezinee-cleaning rhoqo, okanye iindawo zokuhombisa ezikufutshane nelwandle ezikude netyuwa ethe ngqo. Kwezo meko, ukonga iindleko kunokufaneleka.
Ukwenziwa kweMichiza
I-316L iphatha imijelo yenkqubo equlethe i-chloride, ii-asidi ezibuthathaka, kunye neetyuwa ezixidisayo ngcono kune-304L. Izitshintshi zobushushu, iimpompo, iivalvu, kunye nee-reactors kwizityalo zeekhemikhali zihlala zichaza i-316L xa kukho ii-chloride.
I-304L isafanelekile kwiikhemikhali ezingezizo ii-chloride, izisombululo ezingathathi cala, kunye namaqondo obushushu aphakathi. Ukhetho ludla ngokuxhomekeka kuhlalutyo oluthile lolwelo lwenkqubo endaweni yomthetho oqhelekileyo.
Uyilo lweZakhiwo kunye neMizi-mveliso Jikelele
I-304L yeyona ndlela isebenzayo yokulungisa izakhiwo zangaphakathi, iiphaneli, iireyili, kunye nezinto ezenziwe kwimizi-mveliso ngokubanzi. Inika ibhalansi entle yokumelana nokugqwala, ukwakheka, kunye nexabiso.
I-316L imiselwe iimpawu zangaphandle kwiindawo ezikunxweme, kwiindawo zokucoca ityuwa, kwiindawo zemizi-mveliso ezingcolileyo, okanye nakweyiphi na indawo apho iikloridi ziqokelelana khona phezu komhlaba. Umyili wezakhiwo waseShanghai umisele i-316L yesakhiwo seofisi esiselunxwemeni esimalunga ne-50 km ngaphakathi elizweni, kodwa i-304L enenkqubo yokucoca ecwangcisiweyo ibingayi kubonelela ngesiqinisekiso esifanayo seminyaka engama-20 ngexabiso eliphantsi.
Ixabiso le-304L xa lithelekiswa ne-316L kunye nexabiso lomjikelo wobomi
I-316L idla ngokubiza ngaphezulu kwe-15-30% kune-304L kwiifom zemveliso ezifanayo. Xa kuthelekiswa nomgangatho we-304, iprimiyamu idla ngokuba yi-20-40%. Umahluko ngqo uyahluka ngokwexabiso lemarike ye-nickel kunye ne-molybdenum, uhlobo lwemveliso, kunye neemfuno zokucubungula.
| kwiBanga | Ixabiso elithelekisekayo xa lithelekiswa ne-304 | amaNqaku |
|---|---|---|
| 304 | Isiseko | Eyona ndlela iphantsi kakhulu ye-austenitic yenkonzo ngokubanzi |
| 304L | Ngaphezulu kancinci kwe-304 | Ixabiso eliphantsi lekhabhoni kwizinto ezenziwe nge-welded |
| 316 | 20–35% ngaphezulu kwama-304 | Ukongezwa kweMolybdenum ukuze kuthintelwe i-chloride |
| 316L | 20–40% ngaphezulu kwama-304 | Eyona ndibaniselwano ilungileyo yokuwelda kunye nokumelana ne-chloride |
Iprimiyamu yokuqala yinxalenye nje ye-equation. Iindleko zomjikelo wobomi zihlala zikhetha i-316L xa isebenza ngamandla. Icandelo le-304L elikhupha okanye ligqwala kwiinyanga ezi-6 ukuya kwezi-18 lifuna ukususwa, ukutshintshwa, kunye nexesha lokungasebenzi kwemveliso. Icandelo le-316L kwinkonzo efanayo linokuhlala iminyaka emi-5 ukuya kweli-15 nangaphezulu ngokulungiswa okusisiseko.
Ukuze ufumane uhlalutyo olunzulu lweendleko, jonga isikhokelo sethu samaxabiso se-316 stainless steel vs 304.
304 vs 304L vs 316 vs 316L: I-Matrix yoKhetho lwaMabanga amane
Sebenzisa le matrix ukukhetha phakathi kwe-304, 304L, 316, kunye ne-316L:
| Umqathango wosetyenziso | IBanga elicetyiswayo | Ngoba |
|---|---|---|
| I-chloride engadityanisiweyo, yangaphakathi, ephantsi | 304 | Ixabiso eliphantsi, ukumelana nokugqwala okwaneleyo |
| I-welded, yangaphakathi, i-chloride ephantsi | 304L | Ikhabhoni ephantsi ithintela uvakalelo |
| Ayitshixwanga, yolwandle okanye yeekhemikhali | 316 | I-Molybdenum iyamelana nokuhlaselwa yi-chloride |
| I-Welded, yolwandle, yekhemikhali, okanye yemithi | 316L | Eyona ndibaniselwano ilungileyo yokuwelda kunye nokumelana nokugqwala |
| I-chloride ephezulu, eshushu, okanye engcolisiweyo | 2205 I-Duplex | PREN ~35, ngaphaya kwemvulophu ekhuselekileyo ye-austenitic |
I-matrix icacisa ingongoma enye: umbuzo othi “L” kunye nombuzo othi “316” zahlukile. Ukhetha u-“L” xa kudityaniswe ukuwelda okanye ukuvezwa kubushushu obuphezulu. Ukhetha u-316 xa kudityaniswe iikloridi okanye iikhemikhali ezirhabaxa. Xa zombini ezi meko zisebenza, i-316L yinkcazo echanekileyo.
Ukuqinisekiswa kokuthengwa kwempahla: Ukuqinisekisa ukuba ufumana iBanga elifanelekileyo
Ukubhala iilebhile ngendlela engafanelekanga kunye nokutshintsha izinto ziyingozi kakhulu ekunikezelweni kwesinyithi kwihlabathi liphela. Abathengi kufuneka baqinisekise ikhemistri kunokuthembela kwizitampu okanye kwizimangalo zomthengisi.
Cela iSatifikethi soVavanyo lweMill (MTC) okanye iNgxelo yoVavanyo lweMill (MTR) kwi-heat okanye ibhetshi nganye. Jonga la maxabiso:
| ye parameter | Imfuneko ye-304L | Imfuneko ye-316L |
|---|---|---|
| Ikhabhoni (ubuninzi) | 0.03% | 0.03% |
| Molybdenum | Ngokwenyani akukho nto | 2.0-3.0% |
| Chromium | 18.0-20.0% | 16.0-18.0% |
| nickel | 8.0-12.0% | 10.0-14.0% |
Xa kuhlolwa ngokufikayo, i-XRF analyzer ephathekayo inokuqinisekisa ubukho be-molybdenum kunye nomgangatho wekhabhoni kwimizuzwana embalwa. Ikhithi yovavanyo lwendawo ye-molybdenum yindlela engabizi kakhulu yokuqinisekisa i-316L ebaleni. Lumka kwizixhobo ezingaphawulwanga, iilebhile "zenqanaba lolwandle" ezingacacanga, okanye abathengisi abangenako ukubonelela ngeziqinisekiso ezilandelekayo.
I-LIANYUNGANG DAPU METAL inikezela ngeemveliso zentsimbi engagqwali ezingama-316 kunye neemveliso zentsimbi engagqwali ezingama-304 ezineeSatifikethi zoVavanyo lweMill ezipheleleyo kunye nokulandeleka kwenani lobushushu. Iqela lethu linokukunceda utolike izatifikethi kwaye ukhethe umgangatho ofanelekileyo kwisicelo sakho.
isiphelo
Isigqibo sentsimbi engagqwaliyo ye-304L vs 316L silula xa uhlula le mibuzo mibini. U-“L” uphendula umbuzo wokuwelda: ikhabhoni ephantsi inciphisa uvakalelo kwaye ikhusela indawo echaphazelekileyo bubushushu. U-“316” uphendula umbuzo wokugqwala: i-2–3% ye-molybdenum inika ukumelana okuphezulu kwi-chloride, i-pitting, kunye nokuhlaselwa kwe-crevice.
Sebenzisa i-304L kwizixhobo zangaphakathi ezitshisiweyo, ezine-chloride ephantsi apho ixabiso libaluleke khona kwaye ukubola kuncinci. Sebenzisa i-316L kwizixhobo zaselwandle, zeekhemikhali, zamayeza, kunye nokutya apho kukho ii-chloride, ii-asidi, okanye ukucoca ngamandla. Xa zombini ii-welding kunye nokubola zixhalabisa, i-316L yindlela ecacileyo yokuchonga.
Iimpawu zoomatshini ziphantse zifane, ngoko ke amandla awasoloko eyinto ethatha isigqibo. Ixabiso liyinyani, kodwa iindleko zomjikelo wobomi zihlala zikhetha i-316L kwinkonzo enamandla. Soloko uqinisekisa ikhemistri ngeMill Test Certificates okanye uvavanyo olungenayo endaweni yokuthemba iileyibhile zebanga kuphela.
Ukuba ufuna uncedo lokukhetha phakathi kwe-304L kunye ne-316L yeprojekthi yakho, nxibelelana neqela lethu lobuchwephesha ukuze ufumane ingcebiso malunga nokukhetha izinto. I-LIANYUNGANG DAPU METAL inika zombini ezi klasi isiqinisekiso esipheleleyo, ukucutshungulwa ngokwezifiso, kunye nokuhanjiswa kwihlabathi liphela.
