Xa kuthelekiswa iipropati zoomatshini ezingama-304 kunye nama-316, kukho into enye ecacileyo: kwimeko efakwe i-annealed, omabini amanqanaba anexabiso elifanayo elincinci elichaziweyo. Amandla okutsalwa yi-515 MPa, amandla okukhupha yi-205 MPa, kwaye ukunwebeka yi-40% nganye. Amanqanaba amabini alingana ngokufanelekileyo ngamandla kubushushu begumbi. Amaxabiso alinganisiweyo adla ngokuba ngaphezulu nge-5-10% kwi-316, kwaye i-316 inenzuzo ecacileyo kubushushu obuphezulu, kodwa kwiindidi ezininzi kufuneka uziphathe njengezifanayo. Ukukhetha phakathi kwe-304 kunye ne-316 kufuneka kuqhutywe yindawo yokugqwala kunye nobushushu benkonzo, kungekhona amandla aluhlaza.
Xa uMarcus, umnini-venkile yokuvelisa izinto kwisixeko esiselunxwemeni, wachaza i-304 kwi-bracket yesakhiwo, umthengisi wagxininisa ukuba i-316 "inamandla" waza wamnyanzela ukuba ayiphucule. UMarcus wajonga amaphepha edatha. Zombini ii-grades zidwelise ubuncinci obufanayo bokutsalwa kunye namandla okuvelisa. Ugcine i-304, wagcina iprimiyamu, kwaye i-bracket isebenze ngokugqibeleleyo iminyaka emithathu kwindawo eyomileyo, yangaphakathi. Umahluko wokwenyani phakathi kwee-grades kukumelana nokugqwala, kungekhona amandla.
IItrakthi ezibalulekileyo
- I-304 kunye ne-316 zabelana ubuncinci obuchaziweyo obufanayo: i-515 MPa tensile, i-205 MPa yield, i-40% ende kwimeko efakwe i-annealed.
- Amaxabiso alinganisiweyo adla ngokuba phezulu nge-5-10% kwi-316, nangona oku kungayichaphazeli kangako indlela yoyilo.
- I-304 yokusebenza-iqina ngakumbi kune-316 kuba yenza i-martensite ebangelwa kukuxinana lula xa usebenza ebanda.
- I-304 esebenza ngobushushu iba yimagnethi (iyakwazi ukugqitha ukuya kuthi ga kwi-~1.8) ngelixa i-316 ihlala iphantse ingabi yimagnethi, ngoko ke uvavanyo lwemagnethi alunakwazi ukwahlula ngokwahlukileyo amabakala.
- I-316 yeyona ndlela inamandla xa ishushu kakhulu: igcina amandla angaphezulu kwama-300°C kwaye inobomi obuphindwe kabini kunobo be-304.
Ngaba i-304 kunye ne-316 zinamandla afanayo?
Ewe, ngokwemigaqo esebenzayo. Zombini ezi zigaba ziintsimbi ezingenasici ze-austenitic kuthotho lwe-300, kwaye zombini zinemfuno ezifanayo zobuncinci beempawu zoomatshini kwimeko efakwe phantsi kwe-ASTM A240. Ukuze ufumane umbono opheleleyo wosapho lwezigaba, isikhokelo sethu esipheleleyo sentsimbi engenasici sigubungela zonke iibakala kuthotho:
| ipropati | 304 Ubuncinci | 316 Ubuncinci |
|---|---|---|
| Tensile strength | 515 MPa (75 ksi) | 515 MPa (75 ksi) |
| Amandla okuvelisa (ubungqina obuyi-0.2%) | 205 MPa (30 ksi) | 205 MPa (30 ksi) |
| Uluhlu | 40% | 40% |
| ukuqina | 92 HRB / 201 HB ubuninzi | 95 HRB / 217 HB ubuninzi |
Impendulo iba nobuchule ngakumbi xa uthelekisa amaxabiso aqikelelweyo okwenyani kunee-minimum ezichaziweyo. Ngokwenyani, i-316 idla ngokuvavanya ngaphezulu kancinci ngenxa yomxholo wayo we-molybdenum. Uthelekiso olunye olupapashweyo lulinganise i-316 kwi-79,800 psi ultimate tensile strength xa kuthelekiswa ne-73,200 psi kwi-304, kunye nobunzima obuhambelanayo be-80 HRB xa kuthelekiswa ne-70 HRB. Umahluko mkhulu kodwa mncinci, malunga ne-5-10%, kwaye awutshintshi rhoqo isigqibo sobunjineli.
Ngeenjongo zoyilo, jonga la manqanaba njengamandla alinganayo. Ukuba ukhetha i-316 kwisicelo sobushushu begumbi, esingangcolisiyo, ulindele amandla angaphezulu, uhlawula iprimiyamu ongayi kuphinda usebenze. Uthelekiso lwethu lwe-304 vs 316 luhamba kuzo zonke iiyantlukwano ecaleni.
Itheyibhile yokuthelekisa iiPropati zoMatshini ezingama-304 vs 316
Nantsi uthelekiso olupheleleyo lweempawu zoomatshini ze-304 kunye ne-316 kwimeko efakwe i-annealed. Amaxabiso avela kwi-ASTM A240 kunye nedatha eqhelekileyo yomthengisi:
| ipropati | 304 | 316 | amaNqaku |
|---|---|---|---|
| Amandla okuxinana (umzuzu) | 515 MPA | 515 MPA | Ubuncinane obufanayo |
| Amandla esivuno (min) | 205 MPA | 205 MPA | Ubuncinane obufanayo |
| Ubude (min) | 40% | 40% | Ilinganiswe ngama-304 rhoqo iphezulu kancinci |
| Ukuncitshiswa kwendawo | 50-60% | 50-60% | Ziyafana zombini |
| Ubunzima (ubukhulu) | 92 HRB / 201 HB | 95 HRB / 217 HB | 316 nzima kancinci |
| Imodyuli yokuqina | 193-200 GPA | 193-200 GPA | Ukuqina okufanayo |
| Amandla okucheba (afakwe i-annealed) | ~ 400 MPa | ~ 400 MPa | Fanayo |
| Umlinganiselo kaPoisson | 0.28 | 0.28 | Isazisi |
| mninzi | 8,000 kg / m³ | 7,990 kg / m³ | Iphantse ifane |
| Imagnethi (ifakwe emanzini) | ~1.0-1.005 µ | ~1.0-1.005 µ | Zombini azinamagnethi xa zifakwe kwi-anneal |
Qaphela indlela ezisondelelene ngayo iigreyidi. Imodulus yokuthamba, elawula ukuqina kunye nokuphambuka, iyafana. Ubuninzi, obuchaphazela ukubalwa kobunzima kunye nomthwalo, buyafana kakhulu. Umahluko okhoyo ubonakala xa usebenza ngokubandayo kwaye kubushushu obuphezulu, esiza kuwugubungela ngokulandelayo.
Kutheni Ukwakhiwa Kuqhuba Ukuziphatha KweeMechanical
Umahluko woomatshini phakathi kwe-304 kunye ne-316 ubuyela emva kwiinguqu ezimbini zokwakheka. I-316 iqulethe i-2-3% ye-molybdenum, apho i-304 ingenayo ngokupheleleyo, kwaye i-316 ine-nickel engaphezulu (10-14% xa kuthelekiswa ne-8-10.5%) ene-chromium encinci kancinci (16-18% xa kuthelekiswa ne-18-20%).
I-Molybdenum ineendima ezimbini. Yonyusa ukumelana nokugqwala kwemingxuma kunye nokuqhekeka, yiyo loo nto i-316 iyindlela esemgangathweni yenkonzo yolwandle kunye ne-chloride. Ikwanceda ukuzinzisa isakhiwo se-austenitic. Oko kuzinzisa kunciphisa ukuthambekela kwezinto zokuguqula zibe yi-martensite ngexesha lokusebenza ngokubandayo, nto leyo engundoqo ekuqondeni indlela eziziphatha ngayo ngokwahlukileyo xa zisenziwa.
I-Nickel yenza umsebenzi ofanayo. I-Austenite yi-non-magnetic, ductile phase yentsimbi engagqwali. Umxholo ophezulu we-nickel wenza ukuba elo nqanaba lizinze ngakumbi, ngoko ke liyamelana notshintsho phantsi koxinzelelo. Yingakho i-316 ihlala incinci i-magnetic emva kokwenziwa kwaye isebenza ngokuqina ngesantya esiphantsi kune-304.
Ukuba ufuna ukujonga nzulu ikhemistri, isikhokelo sethu sokwakheka kwentsimbi engagqwaliyo siyawahlulahlula onke amacandelo ngokweenkcukacha.
Ukuqina Komsebenzi: Indlela i-304 kunye ne-316 ezisabela ngayo kwi-Cold Working
Ukuqina komsebenzi, okukwabizwa ngokuba kukuqina koxinzelelo, kukuqina okwenzeka xa isinyithi siguqukile. Ukugoba, ukutsala, ukuqengqa, kunye nokunyathela zonke izinto ezityhalwayo kwisakhiwo sekristale, kwaye loo nto ithintela ukuguquka okungakumbi ngenxa yoko.
Zombini i-304 kunye ne-316 zisebenza nzima ngokukhawuleza kune-carbon steel kuba ulwakhiwo lwazo lwe-cubic olugxile kwi-austenitic, luvumela intshukumo engakumbi yokusasazeka. Kodwa amanqanaba ahlukile ngendlela enye ebalulekileyo. I-304 isebenza nzima kakhulu kune-316 kuba ukusebenza ngokubandayo kuguqula enye ye-austenite yayo ibe yi-martensite, isigaba esinzima nesinamandla. Umxholo we-alloy ophantsi we-304 wenza ukuba ikwazi ukuguquguquka, ngoko ke utshintsho lwenzeka ngokulula.
I-316 iyamelana nolo tshintsho. Umxholo wayo ophezulu we-nickel kunye ne-molybdenum uzinzisa i-austenite, ngoko ke isebenza nzima ngesantya esiphantsi. Kwimisebenzi enzima yokwenza, oku kudla ngokuba yinzuzo esebenzayo: I-316 inokunyamezela amanyathelo ambalwa okutsalwa kwe-intermediate kune-304 ngaphambi kokuba ukuqhekeka kube yingozi.
Uza kubona nezibhengezo zokuba “i-316 isebenza nzima nge-15% ngokukhawuleza kune-304.” Ezo zibhengezo zivela kwizikhokelo zoomatshini kwaye zichaza ubuchule boomatshini, kungekhona ukuqina kwesinyithi. I-316 inzima ukuyisebenza kuba ivelisa amandla okusika kunye nobushushu, inxiba izixhobo ngokukhawuleza.
Uvavanyo lwayo lobuchule bokusebenza lumalunga ne-36% xa kuthelekiswa ne-45% kwi-304. Lo ngumahluko wokwenyani wokwenziwa, kodwa akufani nokuqina koxinzelelo.
Ukuze ufumane inkcazelo epheleleyo ngendlela ezi ntlobo ezisebenza ngayo xa kusenziwa, jonga isikhokelo sethu se-304 vs 316 welding.
Ukuqinisa Umsebenzi Obandayo: Iimpawu Emva Kokwenziwa
Ukusebenza ngokubandayo kuyawomeleza kakhulu omabini la manqanaba. Ukuqengqeleka okubandayo, ukutsalwa kweengcingo, kunye nokunyathela kunyusa isivuno kunye namandla okutsalwa ngelixa kunciphisa ukuguguleka. Itheyibhile engezantsi ibonisa utshintsho oluqhelekileyo njengoko ukwehla kobandayo kusanda:
| imeko | Unikeze Amandla | Amandla Amandla | ukuqina | Uluhlu |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| I-Annealed (0%) | ~ 205-310 MPa | ~ 515-620 MPa | ~190 HV | 40-60% |
| ~10% umsebenzi obandayo | + 30-50% | + 15-25% | ~220-250 HV | ~25-35% |
| ~30% umsebenzi obandayo | + 60-80% | + 30-40% | ~260-290 HV | 12-25% |
Yingakho i-stainless eyenziwe ngocoselelo ichazwe kwizipringi, izibophelelo, kunye namalungu olwakhiwo apho kufuneka amandla angaphezulu ngaphandle kwezinto ezongezelelweyo. I-ASTM A666 igubungela amazinga obushushu ahlukeneyo, ukusuka kwikota-nzima ukuya kwi-full-hard.
Isifundo esisebenzisekayo kwiinjineli silula. Ukuba ufuna amandla aphezulu, ukusebenza ngokubandayo kuyawuzisa kuzo zombini iiklasi. Ukuba ufuna i-ductility yokuzoba nzulu okanye ukunyathela ngamanqanaba amaninzi, i-304's ende kunye nokwakheka okungcono yenza kube lukhetho oluqhelekileyo. I-304 yeyona njongo iqhelekileyo kwiindawo ezitsaliweyo; i-316 ikhethwa xa ukumelana nokugqwala kubaluleke ngaphezu kokwenza umda.
Iimpawu zeMagnetic: Kutheni i-304 kunye ne-316 Ziziphatha Ngendlela Eyahlukileyo Emva Kokwenziwa
Zombini ezi ntlobo azinamagnethi xa zifakwe i-anneal, kwaye ukuvuleka kwazo kumalunga ne-1.0-1.005. Imagnethi ayinamatheli kuzo zombini. Oko kuyatshintsha emva kokusebenza ngokubandayo.
Umsebenzi obandayo uguqula i-austenite ethile ibe yi-martensite, kwaye i-martensite inomtsalane. Umgangatho wotshintsho uxhomekeke ekuzinzeni kwenqanaba:
- 304 ichaphazeleka lula. Ukutsalwa ngocingo, ukutsalwa nzulu, ukuqengqeleka, kunye nokuqengqeleka ngentambo kunokuyenza ibe nomtsalane kakhulu. Izibophelelo ezingama-304 ezikhethwe ngokungacwangciswanga zibonakalise ukuvuleka okumalunga ne-1.8.
- 316 Ihlala ingasebenzisi magnethi kwiimeko ezininzi. I-nickel yayo ephezulu kunye ne-molybdenum ziqinisa i-austenite, zithintela ukwakheka kwe-martensite. Kuphela umsebenzi obandayo onzima, njengomzobo onzulu kakhulu, ovelisa nayiphi na impendulo yokwenyani yemagnethi.
Isiphumo esisebenzayo kukuba uvavanyo lwemagnethi alunakwahlula i-304 kwi-316. Isixhobo sokubopha i-304 esisebenza ngokubandayo sitsala imagnethi ngelixa isixhobo sokubopha i-316 esifakwe i-anneal asiyenzi loo nto. Ii-welds kunye ne-castings zongeza enye imibimbi: i-delta ferrite kwisinyithi sokubopha zenza zombini ezi ntlobo zibe nemagnethi kancinci.
Ukuba ufuna ukuqinisekisa umgangatho, sebenzisa uvavanyo lwe-molybdenum spot, i-XRF ephathekayo, okanye isatifikethi sovavanyo lwe-mill endaweni yoko. I- British Stainless Steel Association ichaza ngokweenkcukacha umahluko wokungena kwamanzi .
Ngaba ufuna ukujonga ukuba unebanga elingakanani? Iqela lethu lobuchwephesha linokukunceda uqinisekise ubuwena bezinto kunye neenkcukacha ngokubonisana ngobuchwepheshe.
Ubushushu obuphezulu bokuSebenza koomatshini
Apha kulapho umahluko wamandla uyeka khona ukuba nzulu. Ngaphezulu kwama-300°C, i-316 ngokucacileyo idlula i-304. I-Molybdenum kunye ne-nickel ziqinisa isakhiwo sayo, zinceda i-316 ukuba igcine amandla kwaye imelane nokurhubuluza apho i-304 ibuthathaka khona.
| iqondo lobushushu | 304 Amandla | 316 Amandla |
|---|---|---|
| Iqondo lokushisa | ~ 515-620 MPa | ~ 520-620 MPa |
| 300 ° C | ~ 420-450 MPa | ~ 460-490 MPa |
| 600 ° C | ~ 280-310 MPa | ~ 330-360 MPa |
| 800 ° C | Imveliso ~125 MPa | Imveliso ~150 MPa |
Umsantsa uyanda njengoko ubushushu bunyuka. Kwi-600°C, i-316 igcina amandla angaphezu kwe-15-20% kune-304. Okubaluleke ngakumbi kwinkonzo yexesha elide, ukumelana nokuqhekeka kwe-316 kuphezulu: ubomi bayo bokuqhekeka kubushushu obuphezulu buphindwe kabini kunobe-304. Yiyo loo nto i-316 ichazwe kwii-heat exchangers, izinto zebhoyila, kunye nezixhobo zoxinzelelo oluphezulu ezisebenza ngaphezulu kwe-425°C.
Zombini ezi klasi zinyibilika kakuhle ukuya kuthi ga kwimida efanayo, malunga ne-870°C kwinkonzo eqhubekayo kunye ne-925°C kwinkonzo eqhubekayo. Kwaye zombini zisengozini yokuziva ngathi zinamandla, ukuna kwe-chromium carbides, xa zigcinwe kuluhlu lwe-425-870°C. Kwinkonzo yobushushu obuphezulu bexesha elide, cinga ngamanqanaba e-H (304H, 316H) okanye amanqanaba azinzileyo afana ne-321 kunye ne-347. I-316L yekhabhoni ephantsi yeyona nto isetyenziswayo xa kusenziwa imibhobho yenkqubo edibeneyo apho ukugqwala, kungekuphela nje amandla, kuyinto elawulayo.
Xa iqela likaDaniel lakha kwakhona isixhobo sokutshintshiselana nobushushu bezityalo zeekhemikhali, ekuqaleni babiza iityhubhu ezingama-304. Ubushushu boyilo obuyi-400°C buthetha ukuba i-304 iya kutshintsha-tshintsha ubomi bayo beminyaka engama-20. Ukutshintshela kwi-316 kongeze iindleko kodwa kwaphinda kabini ubomi benkonzo obulindelweyo, kwaye isixhobo sokutshintshiselana nobushushu sisebenze iminyaka emithandathu ngaphandle kokuwa kwetyhubhu. Kwinkonzo yokufudumeza, i-316 lolona didi luqinileyo apho lubalwa khona.
I-304L vs 316L: Indlela iCarbon ephantsi etshintsha ngayo iipropati zeMechanical
Iindidi zekhabhoni ephantsi, i-304L kunye ne-316L, zibeka ikhabhoni engaphantsi kwi-0.03% xa kuthelekiswa ne-0.08% kwiindidi eziqhelekileyo. Ikhabhoni ephantsi inciphisa umngcipheko wokuziva ngexesha lokuwelda, yiyo loo nto iindidi ze-L zisemgangathweni wenkonzo yokuwelda.
Utshintsho luphantsi kancinci kumandla amancinci kwezinye iinkcukacha zemveliso. Umzekelo, i-ASTM A312, idwelisa i-485 MPa tensile kunye ne-170 MPa kwi-L grades, xa ithelekiswa ne-515 MPa kunye ne-205 MPa kwi-standard grades. Enyanisweni, ii-mill ezininzi zibonelela ngezinto eziqinisekisiweyo ezimbini ze-304/304L kunye ne-316/316L ezihlangabezana neemfuno zombini, kwaye ukunciphisa amandla akufani nokutshintsha uyilo.
Ukuba uthungela inkonzo yokugqwala, ii-L grades zihlala zilungile. Isikhokelo sethu se-304L vs 316L sigubungela xa i-carbon ephantsi ibalulekile kwaye xa ingasebenzi.
Iimfuno zeFastener kunye nePropati
Izibophelelo ezingenasici zichazwe ngokwahlukileyo kwishiti kunye nepleyiti. Iibholiti kunye nezikrufu zisebenzisa iiklasi zepropathi, hayi ezi zincinci ezixutyushwe apha ngasentla. Iiklasi eziqhelekileyo yi-A2 (304) kunye ne-A4 (316), ezinamanqanaba okuqina angama-70, 80, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ayi-100:
| iklasi | imathiriyeli | Amandla Okuqina (min) |
|---|---|---|
| A2-70 | 304 iyasebenza kubanda | 700 MPA |
| A2-80 | 304 iyasebenza kubanda | 800 MPA |
| A4-70 | 316 iyasebenza kubanda | 700 MPA |
| A4-80 | 316 iyasebenza kubanda | 800 MPA |
Ukusebenza ngokubandayo kunika izibopheleli amandla azo, ngoko ke i-bolt ye-A4-80 inamandla kakhulu kunepleyiti ye-316 e-annealed. Xa ucacisa izibopheleli, fanisa udidi lwepropathi neemfuno zomthwalo kunye nokusingqongileyo. Kwinkonzo yolwandle okanye ye-chloride, izibopheleli ze-A4 (316) ziyamelana nokugqwala ngcono kakhulu kune-A2 (304), nangona amanqanaba amandla afanayo. Isikhokelo sethu se -304 vs 316 sigubungela iinkcukacha.
Xa Umahluko Wamandla Ubalulekile Ngokwenene
Kwinkoliso yezicelo zobushushu begumbi, umahluko wamandla phakathi kwe-304 kunye ne-316 awunamsebenzi. Ukuqina (imodulus of elasticity) kuyafana, uxinano luyafana, kwaye amandla amancinci ayafana. Indawo yokugqwala, iindleko, kunye nokufumaneka kufanele kuqhubele phambili isigqibo.
Kukho iimeko ezithile apho umahluko omncinci ubalulekile:
- Amalungu olwakhiwo oluneendonga ezincinci. The Umgangatho woyilo lwe-Eurocode kwizakhiwo ezingenasici (EN 1993-1-4) inika amandla oyilo angama-210 MPa kwi-304 kunye nama-220 MPa kwi-316. Kwiindawo ezincinci ezilawulwa yi-buckling okanye uzinzo lwendawo, loo mahluko mncinci unokuba nentsingiselo.
- Inkonzo yobushushu obuphezulu. Ngaphezulu kwama-300°C, umsantsa uyanda kwaye i-316 lukhetho olufanelekileyo kwiindawo ezixinzelelweyo kunye nezithwala umthwalo.
- Izicelo ezisebenza ngobushushu obuphantsi kunye nezincamathiselayo. Iiklasi zepropathi kunye neemeko zomoya zichaza amandla ngaphezu komgangatho osisiseko; chaza iklasi oyifunayo.
Kuzo zonke ezinye izinto, khetha ukugqwala. I-304 iphatha kakuhle amanzi acocekileyo, ukutya, kunye neendawo zangaphakathi. I-316 ixabisa ixabiso eliphezulu apho kukho iikloridi, amanzi anetyuwa, okanye ukuvezwa kweekhemikhali. Ukuba ufuna uncedo lokudibanisa umgangatho nokusingqongileyo, isikhokelo sethu sokumelana nokugqwala ngentsimbi engagqwaliyo sisiqalo esiluncedo.
Yeyiphi Enamandla, 304 okanye 316?
Impendulo enyanisekileyo ixhomekeke kumbuzo owubuzayo:
- Kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi: Ziyalingana. Ubuncinane obuchaziweyo buyafana, kwaye uvavanyo olungama-316 luphezulu nge-5-10% kuphela xa kusenziwa.
- Emva kokusebenza nzima: Zombini ziqina kakhulu. Umsebenzi ongama-304 uqina ngokukhawuleza; i-316 iqala ngamandla kancinci xa ikwimeko yokutsalwa.
- Kubushushu obuphezulu: I-316 iyaphumelela ngokucacileyo. Igcina amandla angaphezulu kwama-300°C kwaye inobomi bokukhasa obuphindwe kabini.
ULena, umphathi wokuthenga kumenzi wezixhobo zoshishino, wayedla ngokuchaza i-316 kuyo yonke into ngenxa yobulumko. Emva kokuphonononga iimfuno zomthwalo kunye nokuvezwa kukugqwala, watshintsha uninzi lwezinto zangaphakathi waya kwi-304 waza wagcina i-316 kuphela yezixhobo zokuhlamba nezokwangaphandle. Utshintsho lwanciphisa ixabiso lezinto kuloo mgca wemveliso malunga ne-30% ngaphandle kokusilela kwentsimi kwiminyaka emithathu. Ukuqonda iimpawu zoomatshini kwamvumela ukuba achithe uhlahlo-lwabiwo mali apho lubalulekileyo khona.
Kubathengi abaninzi, ucwangciso lokukhetha luphantsi kwemibuzo emithathu: Ngaba kukho ukuchatshazelwa yi-chloride okanye ityuwa? Ngaba ubushushu benkonzo bungaphezulu kwama-300°C? Ngaba inxalenye itshixiwe ukuze isetyenziselwe ukubola?
Ukuba impendulo kuyo nayiphi na ithi ewe, cinga nge-316 okanye i-316L. Ukuba zonke zingu-hayi, i-304 ngokuqinisekileyo iya kukongela imali ngaphandle kokuncama amandla.
Imibuzo ebuzwa qho
Yeyiphi enamandla, intsimbi engagqwaliyo engama-304 okanye engama-316?
Zinamandla afanayo okutsalwa (515 MPa) kunye ne-yield (205 MPa) kwimeko efakwe kwi-annealed. Amaxabiso alinganisiweyo e-316 adla ngokuba ngaphezulu nge-5-10%, kwaye i-316 inamandla ngokucacileyo kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu, kodwa kumaqondo obushushu egumbi ziphathwa njengezifanayo.
Ngaba intsimbi engagqwaliyo engama-316 inzima kune-304?
Ngokwesiqhelo. Ubungakanani bobunzima obuphezulu yi-95 HRB kwi-316 xa kuthelekiswa ne-92 HRB kwi-304. Enyanisweni, zombini zivakala zifana, kwaye umahluko awufane uchaphazele ukusebenza komatshini okanye ukuguguleka ngokwaneleyo ukuba ubaluleke.
Ingakanani i-316 enamandla okuvelisa?
Amandla esivuno esincinci yi-205 MPa (30 ksi) kwimeko eqhotsiweyo. Iifom ezifakwe ngobushushu, ezifana nezibophelelo, zinokufikelela kumaxabiso aphezulu kakhulu ngokuxhomekeke kudidi lwepropathi.
Yeyiphi ethambileyo ngakumbi, i-304 okanye i-316?
I-304 ngokubanzi ibonisa ukunwebeka okungcono kancinci kunye nokukwazi ukwakheka, yiyo loo nto ikhethwayo xa kudwetshwa nzulu kunye nokunyathela kwizigaba ezininzi. Zombini ezi zigaba zithambile kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa nentsimbi yekhabhoni.
Ngaba i-304 iba yimagnethi emva kokusebenza ngokubandayo?
Ewe. Ukusebenza ngokubandayo kuguqula i-austenite ethile ibe yi-martensite yemagnethi, ngoko ke i-304 inokuba yimagnethi ephawulekayo emva kokuzoba, ukuqengqeleka, okanye ukwenza umsonto. I-316 iyamelana nolu tshintsho kwaye ihlala phantse ingabi yimagnethi kwiimeko ezininzi.
Ngaba i-316 isebenza ngokukhawuleza kune-304?
Hayi. Ngokwesinyithi, i-304 iqina ngokukhawuleza kuba yenza i-martensite ebangelwa kukuxinana lula. Amabango okuba i-316 iqina ngokukhawuleza adla ngokuchaza ubunzima bokusebenza, kungekhona ukuqina kokuxinana.
Ngaba i-316 ingcono kune-304 kwizicelo ezisebenzisa ubushushu obuphezulu?
Ewe. Ngaphezulu kwama-300°C, i-316 igcina amandla angaphezulu kwaye inobomi bokuntywila obuphindwe kabini kune-304, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe lolona khetho luqhelekileyo lwezixhobo zokutshintshiselana ubushushu, iibhoyila, kunye nezixhobo ezishushu ezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu.
isiphelo
Umbuzo weempawu zoomatshini ze-304 vs 316 unempendulo ecacileyo: kubushushu begumbi, amanqanaba alingana ngamandla, kunye nobuncinci obufanayo bokutsalwa, ukuvunwa, kunye nokwandiswa. Umahluko okhoyo ubonakala xa usebenza ngokubandayo, apho i-304 iqina ngokukhawuleza kwaye iba nomtsalane, kwaye kubushushu obuphezulu, apho i-316 ngokucacileyo iludidi oluqinileyo nolunganyangekiyo.
Xa ukhetha izinto, vumela okusingqongileyo kunye nobushushu benkonzo buqhubele phambili. Khetha i-316 yee-chloride, amanzi anetyuwa, ukuvezwa kweekhemikhali, okanye ubushushu obuphezulu obuhlala ixesha elide. Khetha i-304 yenkonzo ecocekileyo, eyomileyo, yobushushu begumbi apho ixabiso layo eliphantsi kunye nobuchule bayo obuhle bunika amandla afanayo ngexabiso elingcono. Ibhetshi nganye sinikezela ngeenqanawa ngesatifikethi sovavanyo lomatshini esibhala amaxabiso okwenyani oomatshini, ukuze ukwazi ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngaphambi kokuba kuqalwe ukwenziwa.
Ngaba ukulungele ukucacisa umgangatho ofanelekileyo weprojekthi yakho? Nxibelelana neLIANYUNGANG DAPU METAL ukuze ufumane ii-304, 316, 304L, kunye ne-316L eziqinisekisiweyo, iikhoyili, kunye neepayipi, kunye namaxwebhu apheleleyo ezinto kunye nesikhokelo sokukhetha izinto ezivela kwiinjineli zethu. Cela ikowuteshini namhlanje.
