18-8 vs 316 Amandla eStainless Steel: Uthelekiso oluBanzi lwe-304, 18-8, kunye ne-316 iStainless Steels

Ukuqonda iiStainless Steels

Yintoni iStainless Steels?

Iintsimbi ezingenazintsimbi zaziwa ngokuba ziialloyi ezimelana nokutyiwa ikakhulu zenziwe yintsimbi, kunye nechromium ithathwa njengento ebalulekileyo yokubonelela ngeempawu ezikhethekileyo zokuchasa umhlwa kunye nokungcola. Ubuncinci bezinga le-10.5%, i-chromium iphendula kunye ne-oksijini emoyeni ukuze yenze ifilimu ye-oxide encinci kumphezulu wentsimbi, esebenza njengesithintelo sokukhusela. Uluhlu olunjalo lwe-oxide lubizwa ngokuba yifilimu ye-passive, enegunya lokuziphilisa kunye nokuhlaziya rhoqo nangona umaleko ukrwele okanye wonakaliswe; kungoko, ukuxhathisa umhlwa okubonelelwa yifilim yokwenziwa kunokomelela ixesha elide.

Zihlelwa ngokuxhomekeke kwi-microstructure yazo, ngendlela elawulwa kakhulu yi-alloying elements. Kukho iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili, ezizezi: iintsimbi ze-austenitic stainless, ferritic stainless steels, kunye ne-martensitic stainless steels. I-Austenitic stainless steels, ezifana nezo zifunyenwe kwi-304 kunye ne-316 amabakala, zixhaphake kakhulu kwaye zivame ukuveliswa, zibe nebhalansi engcono kakhulu phakathi kokumelana nokubola, ukubumba kunye namandla. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iintsimbi ze-ferritic ezinomxholo we-chromium ophantsi ngokuthelekisana ne-austenitic stainless steels zinokuba ngumagnetic kwaye zinokuxhathisa uxinzelelo lwe-corrosion cracking, ngelixa iintsimbi ze-martensitic zinokunika amandla kunye nokuqina kwiimali ezinkulu, nangona ngokubanzi ziphantsi ekuxhathiseni ukubola.

Ngenxa yokudityaniswa kwazo okukhethekileyo kweepropathi, iintsimbi ezingenastainless zinokufumana ukusetyenziswa okukhulu kumashishini. Usetyenziso lususela kwizinto zasekhaya ezinje nge-cutlery okanye i-cookware ukuya kwi-aerospace, ezonyango, kunye nezinto ezibalulekileyo zokwakha. Ukukhethwa kwamabakala ensimbi engenasici ikakhulu kuxhomekeke kwiimeko zokusingqongileyo kunye neemfuno zoomatshini zesicelo esithile, ukuthetha ngokubanzi malunga nokuguquguquka kunye nokubaluleka kwezinto eziphathekayo kubunjineli bexesha langoku kunye nokuvelisa.

Isishwankathelo se-300 Series

I-series ye-300 yensimbi engenasici iphakathi kweyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo kunye neentlobo ezininzi zensimbi ezingenasici. Olu ngcelele lubandakanya ubukhulu becala iintsimbi ze-austenitic ezingenasici, ezinomzekelo wokuxhathisa umhlwa, ukuqina, kunye nokulula ukwenza. Into eyohlulayo yale alloy yichromium ephezulu kakhulu kunye nomxholo wenickel, ephethe iseti yeepropathi ezilungiselelwe ukuxhathisa i-oxidation kunye nemo engqongileyo yeekhemikhali ezinobunzima. Ke, uthotho lwe-300 lunokusetyenziselwa izicelo ezifana nezixhobo zokulungisa ukutya, iitanki zokugcina, izakhiwo zokwakha, kunye nezixhobo zotyando.

Eyona nto idume kakhulu i-alloy yensimbi phantsi kweli qela luhlobo lwe-304 yensimbi engenasici, ehlala ithathwa njengomgangatho woshishino. Le ngxubevange ine-18% yechromium kunye ne-8% nickel, ibonisa uluhlu olulungeleleneyo lwamandla, ukuxhathisa ukubola, kunye neendleko. Kwimeko edibeneyo, enye into elungileyo yoHlobo lwe-304 yensimbi engenasici kukuba ayiyo-magnetic kwaye isebenza kakuhle kwindawo ene-acidic kunye ne-chloride, efana ne-countertops yasekhitshini okanye ukugcinwa kweekhemikhali. Uhlobo lwe-316, kwelinye icala, lelinye ilungu elibalulekileyo kolu luhlu, oluqulethe i-2-3% ye-molybdenum eyongezelelweyo eyandisa ngokuphawulekayo ukuchasana ne-pitting kunye ne-crevice corrosion, ngakumbi emanzini okanye kwezinye iindawo ezinetyuwa.

Kwakhona, ukuba yi-austenitic kulwakhiwo, uthotho lwe-300 zentsimbi ezingenazintsimbi azinakuqiniswa lunyango lobushushu kodwa lunokubunjwa ngokulula lube ziimo ezintsonkothileyo ngaphandle kokuncama nayiphi na into yamandla. Eli nqaku likhuthaza ukuthandwa kochungechunge lwe-300 ngonaphakade, kuba naphi na apho kukho iimfuno ezifuna ukusetyenziswa kwazo phantsi kobushushu obunzulu okanye iimeko ezinobungozi, ezifana nokhathalelo lwempilo, ukwakhiwa, kunye nemizi-mveliso ye-aerospace.

Intshayelelo kwi-18-8 kunye ne-316 ye-Stainless Steel

Ukuthi insimbi engenasici ihlelwa ngokubunjwa kunye neempawu, iindidi ze-18-8 kunye ne-316 zimbini zezona ntlobo zixhaphakileyo zensimbi engenasici ngenxa yokusebenza kwazo kakuhle ngokubanzi kunye nezicelo ezizodwa. Igama elithi "18-8" libhekiselele ekubunjweni kwe-alloy, i-18% ye-chromium kunye ne-8% ye-nickel, kwaye oku kuchaza i-subtypes ye-300 series steel stainless steel. Olu qulunqo luquka ukuxhathisa okugqwesileyo kokutya kunye nokuqina kokuqina kunye nokushisela okulungileyo, kuyenza ilungele imizi-mveliso yokulungisa ukutya kunye namashishini ekhemikhali. Umzekelo, uya kufumana ubukhulu becala i-18-8 yensimbi engenasici kwi-kitchenware, i-fasteners, kunye nezicelo zesakhiwo ezifuna ukumelana nokusingqongileyo okuphakathi.

Ngokwenene kufutshane ne-18-8 yensimbi engenasici ngekhemikhali, i-316 iyahluka ngokongezwa kwe-2-3% ye-molybdenum. Olu longezelelo lwemolekyuli lunyusa ukuxhathisa ngokuchasene nemingxuma kunye nokuhlwa kwemingxuma kwindawo yekloridi, njengeemeko zaselwandle okanye ezinetyuwa ephezulu. Ikwahlala igqwesile ngoomatshini kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu, iyenza ilungele izixhobo zokusetyenzwa kweekhemikhali ezisebenza kude nonxweme kunye namashishini axuba amayeza. Nangona ukongezwa kwe-molybdenum kuncinci, kwenza umahluko omkhulu kakhulu kwizicelo ezinolindelo olubukhali lokuvezwa.

Zombini i-18-8 kunye ne-316 yensimbi engenasici ibonelela ngokufikelela kuzo zonke izibonelelo eziphambili ze-300 uchungechunge lwensimbi engenasici, njengokuqina, ukusebenza lula, kunye nokumelana ne-oxidation. Nangona kunjalo ukhetho phakathi kwezi zimbini ludla ngokulawulwa ziimfuno ezithile zokusingqongileyo kunye nokusebenza. Ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwindawo engeyondlongondlongo, i-18-8 lolona khetho loqoqosho olungayeki umntu phantsi. Kwaye apho uxhathiso lwe-corrosion olugqithisileyo lufuneka, ngokukodwa kwi-chloride-enzima okanye ukusetyenziswa kobushushu obuphezulu, i-316 ithatha onke amawonga ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwayo kweekhemikhali. Zombini ziyincopho yobunjineli bezinto zanamhlanje, zibonelela ngezisombululo ezilungiselelwe iingxaki ezintsonkothileyo ezibandakanya amashishini angenakubalwa.

Ukubunjwa kwemichiza kunye neePropati

Ukuqulunqwa kwe-18-8 Steel engenasici

Kukwenziwa kwe-chromium kunye ne-nickel enika i-18-8 insimbi engenasici igama layo lamanani-iqulethe malunga ne-18% ye-chromium kunye ne-8% ye-nickel. Le ndibaniselwano inika ukuchasana ne-oxidation kunye ne-corrosion ngelixa igcina izinto ezinqwenelekayo zoomatshini. I-Chromium idala umaleko okhuselweyo okhuselweyo phezu komhlaba, okhusela intsimbi ekudlekeni nokuba yi-atmosfera okanye ngemichiza, ngelixa i-nickel iphucula ukudumba, ukusebenza, kunye nokomelela kwentsimbi.

Ngaphandle kwe-chromium kunye ne-nickel, i-18-8 insimbi engenasici iqukethe i-manganese, ukuya kwi-2%, kunye ne-carbon, ukuya kwi-0.08%. I-Manganese izinzile ngexesha lokwenziwa kwaye yongeza ukuxhathisa ukunxiba. I-silicon, ukuya kwi-1%, kunye ne-phosphorus, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-0.045% okanye ngaphantsi, ingabandakanywa nayo. Ukulungelelaniswa ngokucophelela kwezi zinto kunika amandla angenakulinganiswa kunye ne-weldability engenakulinganiswa kunye nokuchasana nempembelelo ye-atmospheric kunye neekhemikhali.

Ngenxa yokubunjwa kwayo, i-18-8 insimbi engenasici yi-alloy ye-austenitic-grade alloy kwaye, ngoko ke, i-non-magnetic in nature kwaye ibonisa ukuxhathisa okuphezulu kwiindawo ezininzi ezinobungozi; kungoko, ifumana ukusetyenziswa kumashishini ukusuka kwi-kitchenware kunye nezixhobo zonyango ukuya kwiimveliso zoshishino.

Ukuqulunqwa kwe-316 Steel engatyiwa

I-316 insimbi engenasici yinqanaba eliphethe i-molybdenum ye-austenitic stainless steel eye yaphucula ukuxhathisa ukubola kunye neempawu zamandla xa kuthelekiswa nebakala le-304. Ukubunjwa kwayo kweekhemikhali kuqulethe malunga ne-16-18% ye-chromium, i-10-14% ye-nickel, kunye ne-2-3% ye-molybdenum, kunye nokulandelela inani lezinto ezifana ne-manganese, i-silicon, i-phosphorus, isulfure, kunye nekhabhoni zongezwa ukuze kuphuculwe iipropati zayo kunye nokuzinza. Ukudibanisa i-molybdenum kubaluleke kakhulu kuba iphucula kakhulu ukuxhathisa kwe-alloy kwi-pitting kunye ne-crevice corrosion, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezine-chloride-laden.

Ukwahluka kwekhabhoni ephantsi kwe-316 ubukhulu becala kubizwa ngokuba yi-316L kwaye ibonelela ngakumbi ngeenzuzo zokuwelda njengoko inciphisa ukubakho kwemvula ye-carbide kwimida yeenkozo, ekhokelela kwi-intergranular corrosion kwizicelo zobushushu obuphezulu. Umxholo wekhabhoni ophezulu ovunyelwe kwi-316L ngu-0.03%, xa kuthelekiswa ne-0.08% ye-316 eqhelekileyo; ngenxa yoko, ifaneleke ngakumbi kwizicelo ezifuna ukuxhathisa okuphezulu kwe-corrosion kumacandelo adibeneyo. Ngaphaya koko, zombini i-316 kunye ne-316L ayiyo-magnetic kwimeko edibeneyo ngenxa ye-microstructures ye-austenitic, nangona isixa esincinci se-magnetism sinokuqhutywa ngokusebenza okubandayo.

I-316 yensimbi engenasici, ngenxa yobume bekhemikhali eyomeleleyo, ifumana ukusetyenziswa okubanzi kuwo wonke amashishini. Isetyenziselwa iinjongo zaselwandle njengoko umxholo wemolybdenum uwenza ukwazi ukuxhathisa uhlaselo lwamanzi anetyuwa kunye nezinyibiliko zebrine. Ngaphandle kokusingqongileyo elwandle, ihlala isetyenziswa kwishishini lokulungisa imichiza kwizinto ezine-acidic kunye ne-caustic, njengezixhobo zokulungisa ukutya kuyilo lococeko, kunye nokufakelwa kwezonyango ngenxa yokuhambelana kwayo ne-biocompatibility. Ngenxa yokuguquguquka kunye nokuqina kwale ngxubevange, yenye yezona zinto zixhaphakileyo zisetyenziswa kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu zokusebenza.

Umahluko phakathi kwe-18-8 kunye ne-316 yokuBunjwa kweMichiza

Umahluko oyintloko wekhemikhali phakathi kwe-18-8 kunye ne-316 i-stainless steels kukuba i-316 ngokubanzi iqulethe i-molybdenum, kwaye le nto inika i-316 ukuchasana okuphuculweyo kwi-corrosion, ngokukodwa kwi-chlorides, kanti i-18-8 ayinayo.

Ukomelela kunye noKuhlala ixesha elide

Ukuqina kwiiNdawo ezahlukeneyo

Ekugwebeni ukuqina kweentsimbi ezingenasici kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, ukungafani kokubunjwa phakathi kwe-18-8 kunye ne-316 i-stainless steels ibaluleke kakhulu. Ngokomzekelo, i-18-8 insimbi engenasici inokusebenza kakuhle kwiindawo ezinobungozi obuncinane kakhulu kwi-corrosive agents, njengangaphakathi okanye kwiindawo ezomileyo. I-18-8 yensimbi engenasici, enokumelana ne-corrosion efanelekileyo, ayifanelekanga kwizicelo zaselwandle okanye kwimizi-mveliso apho ukuqala kwekloridi, iityuwa, okanye ezinye iikhompawundi ezidliwayo zixhaphake kakhulu.

Ngokuchasene noko, i-316 insimbi engenasici yenzelwe iindawo ezinzima. I-2-3% ye-molybdenum ekhoyo ekubunjweni kwayo inika ukuxhathisa okuqaqambileyo kwimingxuma kunye ne-crevice corrosion kwindawo ene-chloride ecebileyo efana neendawo eziselunxwemeni, izityalo zokulungisa imichiza, kunye nezicelo zaselwandle. Uphononongo lubonisa ukuba, xa kubonakaliswe ixesha elide kumanzi anetyuwa kunye nokungcola kwamashishini, i-316 insimbi engenasici inokumelana nokugqwala okuphezulu kakhulu kune-18-8. Ukongeza, i316 intsimbi engatyiwayo yayinokugcina ukomelela kwayo kunye nokugqiba komphezulu ngaphezu kweemeko eziguquguqukayo zobushushu kunye nokufuma, nto leyo eyenza ukuba iguquguquke kakhulu kuxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye neemeko zokufuma okuphezulu.

Ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okuphezulu, ubude bokusebenza be-316 yensimbi engenastainless bonyuka kakhulu, ngoko ke kufuneka ukulungiswa okuncinci rhoqo kunye nokutshintshwa kweemeko ezibandakanya izicelo ezibalulekileyo. Ngenxa yezi mpawu, ifumana inkoliseko eyandayo kumashishini apho ukuthembeka kunye nokuqina kwexesha elide kubaluleke kakhulu, ngaphandle kweendleko eziphezulu.

Impembelelo yoBumemo kuMandla

Iikhemikhali ezichanekileyo ze-316 zensimbi ezingenasici zinquma amandla ayo. Into nganye eneneni kunokuthiwa idlala indima yayo ekunikeni amandla ezinto eziphathekayo xa ujongene nobunzima. Oku kulandelayo zizinto zentsimbi ye-316 kunye nendlela ezichaphazela ngayo amandla ayo okumelana noxinzelelo:

• I-Chromium (16-18%): I-Chromium iphuhlisa ukuxhathisa ukubola ngokudala ifilimu ye-oxide phezu komphezulu wentsimbi. Lo mgangatho we-oxide ukhusela intsimbi ukuba ingagqwali kunye nokuthotywa ngenxa yeempembelelo zendalo kwaye ngoko igcina ingqibelelo yesakhiwo kwiimeko ezingathandekiyo.
• I-Nickel (10-14%): Abo baye bakhonza ixesha labo kwizifundo zemathiriyeli banokukhumbula ukuba i-nickel ikwandisa ukuqina kunye ne-ductility yezinto eziphathekayo, okubavumela ukuba baxhathise ukuxinzezeleka kunye nokukhubazeka ngoxinzelelo ngaphandle kwe-fracturing-ngoko le nto ilungile kwi-316 yethu yensimbi engenasici ehamba ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwemithwalo yomatshini okanye impembelelo yempembelelo kwizicelo ezithile.
• I-Molybdenum (2-3%): Ukongezwa kwe-molybdenum kunyanga intsimbi ngokunika ukuchasana okukhulu kwimingxuma kunye ne-crevice corrosion, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezityebileyo ze-chloride ezifana nezicelo zaselwandle okanye izityalo zokulungisa imichiza.
• Ikhabhoni (<0.08%): Ikhabhoni ikhona ngemithamo emincinci ukunceda ukugcina ukunyibilika, kodwa yongeza kumandla okuqina wealloyi. Ukuba kukho ubuninzi bekhabhoni, kunokuzisa iziphumo ezibi ekuxhathiseni umhlwa; ngoko, umxholo wayo ulawulwa ngokuqinileyo.
• IManganese (ubuninzi 2%): Iqinisekisa amandla angcono okusebenza okushushu kwaye inika amandla kwintsimbi ngokuqinisa ubulukhuni kunye nokumelana nokunxiba ngexesha lokusebenza koomatshini.

Ngaloo ndlela, i-316 insimbi engenasici ihlawula iipropati zayo zokudityaniswa kwazo zonke ezi zinto, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ivumelane neemeko ezinzima zoshishino ngelixa iqinisekisa ukusebenza okuphezulu kuzo zombini amandla kunye nokuxhathisa ukubola.

Nokumelana Resistance

I-Corrosion Resistance ye-18-8 Stainless Steel

I-18-8 insimbi engenasici ibhekisela kwiklasi ebanzi yee-alloys eziqulethe malunga. I-18% yechromium kunye ne-8% ye-nickel, kwaye ithathwa njengokumelana ne-corrosion kakhulu kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Ubukho be-chromium bubangela ukubunjwa komgangatho we-oxide kwindawo yentsimbi, esebenza njengesithintelo sokukhusela kwi-oxidation kunye nokugqwala. Ekubeni olu maleko oksijini luziphilisa ngokwalo, ii-alloys eziyi-18-8 zenza ngcono ngokungathathi hlangothi kwiindawo ezine-asidi ezinobundlongondlongo kwaye zifumane ukusetyenziswa ekutyeni nasekwenzeni isiselo, ukusetyenzwa kweekhemikhali, kunye nezicelo zonyango.

I-Nickel yongeza ngakumbi amandla e-alloy ngokubala uxinzelelo lwe-corrosion cracking kunye ne-pitting, ngakumbi kwiindawo zaselwandle. Ngokomzekelo, uhlobo lwe-304, i-18-8 yensimbi engenasici exhaphakileyo efumaneka kwizindlu jikelele kunye nezicelo zemizi-mveliso, ibonisa ukuxhathisa okungcono kuhlaselo lwe-chloride kwiimeko ezithambileyo zamashishini, ngelixa iindawo ezisityebi kakhulu kwiikloridi, Uhlobo lwe-316 lubekwe ngokukodwa ngenxa ye-molybdenum equlethwe kuyo.

Uvavanyo oluxeliweyo lwebhubhoratri kunye neeakhawunti zoshishino ziqinisekisa ukuba i-18-8 insimbi engenasici ihlala ixhathisa imiphumo ephazamisayo yokuvezwa ixesha elide kwi-atmospheric and marine environments. Nangona kunjalo, phantsi kweemeko zokuxinana okuphezulu kwezisombululo ze-acidic okanye i-chloride, ukuqina kunokuqinisekiswa ngcono ngokusebenzisa iingubo ezikhuselayo, ingcamango yoyilo olucingisisiweyo, okanye ukhethe ezinye ii-alloys zodidi oluphezulu, ezifana ne-duplex kunye ne-super-austenitic stainless steels.

Ukunyangwa kweNgxowa-mali ye-316 yeNsimbi eNgatyiwayo

Ukuxhatshazwa kwe-corrosion ye-316 yensimbi engenasici ikakhulu ngenxa yoxinzelelo lwe-molybdenum ephezulu, ngokuqhelekileyo iwela ngaphakathi kwe-2-3% ngobunzima. Oku kuphucula kakhulu ukuxhathisa kwi-pitting kunye ne-crevice corrosion kwiindawo ezine-chloride-bearing, ezifana nokuvezwa kwamanzi etyuwa okanye iikhemikhali zemizi-mveliso, ngaloo ndlela ivumela ukuba izinto eziphathekayo zime ngcono kakhulu phantsi kweemeko zokusebenza ezinzima kune-304 stainless steel, nangona kunjalo, ebonisa ukuziphatha kwe-corrosion yengingqi.

Ukuxhatshazwa kwe-316 yensimbi engenasici ekuhlaselweni kwe-intergranular iphantsi kakhulu xa i-annealed, kwaye ukubunjwa kwe-chromium carbides kwiindawo ezichaphazelekayo ukushisa kwe-weld nazo zivinjelwe. Ngenxa yoko, igcina imfezeko yesakhiwo kwizicelo ezinobuzaza bokwenziwa. Ngaphaya koko, iyaluxhathisa ukhukuliseko kakuhle kwindawo enomhlwa kwiindawo ezininzi ezineasidi, ialkaline, kunye nobushushu obuphezulu kwaye iyaguquguquka kakhulu malunga nokwenziwa kweekhemikhali, zaselwandle kunye nezixhobo zonyango.

Kodwa phantsi kweemeko zokuxinana kwekloridi ezongeziweyo ezidlula ezo zamabanga asemgangathweni, izinto eziphathekayo zinokuthi zibe noxinzelelo lwe-corrosion cracking (SCC). Ke, iintsimbi eziphindwe kabini okanye iintsimbi ezingaphezulu zingasetyenziswa ukulungisa imeko enjalo. Okwangoku, idatha yoshishino ekhankanyiweyo inika ingqwalasela ekuqeshweni kwe-316L, udidi lwekhabhoni ephantsi, ukwenzela i-welding elula kunye nethuba elincinane lokuchatshazelwa yi-corrosion ye-corn boundary corrosion, ngaloo ndlela yandisa ububanzi bokusebenza kwayo kwiindawo ezinzima.

Ii-Real-World Applications and Performance

Ukuba yenye yezona zinto zixhaphakileyo ze-corrosion-resistant stainless steels, ubukhulu becala i-316L isetyenziswa kumashishini apho amandla omatshini kunye nokumelana nokubola kuyadingeka ngokulinganayo. Ngokomzekelo, imboni yenkqubo yeekhemikhali ithanda i-316L ngenxa yomthamo wayo wokuhlala ungonakaliswanga phambi kwee-acids ezinamandla ezifana ne-sulfuric, i-hydrochloric, kunye ne-tartaric acids ekugxininiseni okuphakathi. Ngokunjalo, kubunjineli baselwandle, kuba ialloyi inoxhathiso oluphezulu kwimingxuma kunye nokubola, ithathwa njengehlala ihleli phantsi kweemeko ezigcwele ikloridi njengokuvezwa kwamanzi olwandle, nangona kufuneka kunikwe ingqwalasela eyodwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba ityuwa ephezulu ayinakuyibeka emngciphekweni wokuqhekeka kwe-corrosion (SCC).

Kutshanje, kubonisiwe ukuba i-316L izalisekisa amayeza kunye namashishini okulungisa ukutya ngenxa yeempawu ezibalaseleyo zococeko, ukuchasana neearhente zebhayoloji, kunye nokungaphindi. Umxholo wayo ophantsi wekhabhoni unciphisa i-carbide precipitation ngexesha le-welding, evumela ukusetyenziswa okubanzi kwe-316L yokuvelisa iitanki ezinkulu zokugcina kunye neenkqubo zombhobho ezichanekileyo. Ngelixa isetyenziswa ekuvavanyeni ukusebenza kwezicelo zobushushu obuphezulu njengabatshintshi bobushushu, i-316L ifunyenwe igcina iipropathi zayo zomatshini kumaqondo obushushu aphakamileyo okusebenza kwaye ihlala iyeyona nto ithembekileyo ekhoyo kwisisombululo sokuhanjiswa kobushushu.

Ukuguquguquka kwayo okuhle kubonwa ngakumbi kubunjineli bezonyango, apho ithandwa kakhulu kukufakelwa kunye nezixhobo zotyando. Apha, ukuhambelana kwebhayoloji kunye nokuchasana nokubola okubangelwa lulwelo lomzimba kunciphise kakhulu ukubola kunye nokubakho kokwaliwa. Njengoko amashishini ekhula ukuya kwimigangatho yanamhlanje yokhuseleko kunye neemfuno zokusebenza, i-alloy izifumana ibalwa phakathi kwezinto ezisebenza kakhulu ezisebenza kakhulu kumacandelo ahlukeneyo obunjineli.

Izicelo kuwo wonke amaShishini

Amatyala oSetyenziso lweShishini loKwakha

Kurhwebo lokwakha, i-stainless steel 316L ifumana ukusetyenziswa okubanzi kunye nokubalulekileyo ngenxa yokuqina kwayo kunye nokumelana nokubola. Ngamanye amazwi, phantsi kweemeko zemozulu ezinzima kakhulu, ukufuma okuphezulu, okanye iindawo ezihlala zithandwa kwisenzo samachiza, le ntsimbi ixabiswa kakhulu. 316L amalungu olwakhiwo, afana nemiqadi, iintsimbi, neentsimbi zangaphandle, anethuba elingcono lokuqhuba kwiindawo eziselunxwemeni, kwimizi-mveliso, okanye kwiindawo ezingcoliseke kakhulu apho imathiriyeli eqhelekileyo ingaphumeleli. Ukuthotywa kwe-oxidative kunye ne-corrosive ngaphaya kwendawo ye-stainless steel 316L, ngaloo ndlela iqinisekisa ukugcinwa okucuthiweyo kunye nobomi obuninzi, okunciphisa iindleko zokusebenza.

Kwakhona, ubukho be-molybdenum buphakamisa kakhulu ukuxhathisa kwe-316L ngokuchasene ne-chloride-induced pitting kunye ne-crevice corrosion, iyenze ilungele imisebenzi yolwakhiwo lwaselwandle, iibhulorho, kunye namaqonga angaphesheya. Ezi zicelo ezifuna izinto ezivezwa ngokuqhubekayo kwindawo ephezulu ye-saline kunye ne-abrasive, ngenxa yoko ayikwazi ukugcina ukunyaniseka kwesakhiwo semisebenzi. Ngaphezu koko, kulwakhiwo lwasezidolophini, i-316L isetyenziselwa iindlela zabahambi ngeenyawo abahamba ngetrafiki, iiphaneli ze-elevator, kunye ne-escalator trusses, apho isiphelo sayo esihle kunye namandla omatshini ami kakuhle kubunzima obubekwe kwezi zakhiwo zoluntu.

Ngokombono wam, kwiiprojekthi zokwakha ezisongelwa kakhulu yimeko yendalo, i-316L insimbi engenasici ifaneleka kakhulu ukubonelela ngokuthembeka kunye nokhuseleko. Emva kokuqhuba ngokuqhubekayo amashumi eminyaka ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokusebenza kunye nokulawula, ndinombono wokuba ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezifana ne-316L kukhuthaza ukuqhubela phambili kwezobunjineli kwaye, ngoko ke, ubunjineli bale mihla buxhasa kakhulu ukuzinza kunye nokomelela.

Izicelo zoShishino lweemoto

Ngezinto eziphambili ezifana ne-316L yensimbi engenasici, ishishini leemoto lifumana ukusetyenziswa okuninzi kugxininisa ukuqina, ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokhuseleko. Ngoku makhe sijonge kwizicelo ezingundoqo ezintlanu ze-316L kwindawo yeemoto:

1. 1
   Iinkqubo zokukhupha: Ukuxhatshazwa kwe-corrosion ephezulu kunye nokunyamezela ukushisa kwe-316L yensimbi engenasici kwenza kube yinto efanelekileyo yokukhetha iinkqubo zokukhupha, ngakumbi xa kulwa nomonakalo obangelwa yi-gases yokukhupha kunye nokushisa okuphezulu. Oku kwandisa ixesha lokuphila kwenkqubo kwaye kunciphisa ngakumbi iindleko zokugcina.
2. 2
   Iitanki zezibaso: Ngenxa yokuba ikhemikhali ingasebenzi kwaye iyamelana neendawo ezinobungozi, le mathiriyeli ifanele itanki yamafutha. Iqinisekisa ubume bobume betanki naxa iphantsi kohlaselo oluvela kwizongezo zepetroli okanye imixube ye-biodiesel, ethi ithobe ukuvuza okunokwenzeka kunye nokungcoliseka okufanayo.
3. 3
   Amacandelo oLwakhiwo: Inamandla omatshini abalaseleyo kunye nokumelana nokudinwa, okuyenza ilunge kumalungu olwakhiwo anje ngeendawo ze-chassis kunye neenkqubo zokunqunyanyiswa. Ngesicelo esinjalo, izinto eziphathekayo ziphucula ngakumbi ukusebenza kwesithuthi, kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba sinokugxininiswa ngokukhuselekileyo.
4. 4
   Imibhobho yeHydraulic: Iinkqubo ze-Automotive hydraulic zihlala zisebenza kuxinzelelo oluphezulu; ngoko ke, izixhobo zifunwa ukumelana noxinzelelo lomzimba kunye nomhlwa. I-stainless steel 316L ikhethwe kwiibhubhu ze-hydraulic ngenxa yokukwazi ukumelana nexesha elide leemeko zokusebenza ezimbi.
5. 5
   IiNdawo zeBattery kwiZithuthi zoMbane (EVs): Ngokufika kwezithuthi zombane, i-316L ibe yinto ephambili eqwalaselwa kwiindawo ezivaliweyo zebhetri. Ukumelana nobushushu obugqwesileyo, ukuqina kokusingqongileyo okuhambelana nale nto kuqinisekisa ukukhuselwa kweenkqubo zebhetri ngokuchasene noxinzelelo lwe-thermal kunye noomatshini, ngaloo ndlela kuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kwee-EVs.

Uluhlu lwesicelo ngokwalo lubonisa indlela izinto ezigqwesileyo ezifana ne-316L yensimbi engenasici ibaluleke kakhulu ekwenzeni izisombululo zemoto ezithembisa ukusebenza phantsi kokuthembeka, ixesha elide, kunye nokuthotyelwa kwemigangatho eqinile yoshishino.

Ubume boNyango kunye noLwandle

Ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo eziphezulu ezifana ne-316L yensimbi engenasici kwiindawo zonyango kunye neendawo zaselwandle, ngenxa yeempawu zokumelana ne-corrosion, i-biocompatibility, kunye namandla omatshini. Kwisicelo sezonyango, le ntsimbi yentsimbi isetyenziswa kakhulu ukufakelwa kotyando, izixhobo zamathambo, kunye nezixhobo zasesibhedlele. Umxholo wayo ophantsi wekhabhoni unciphisa ukubola kwe-intergranular ngexesha leenkqubo zokuvala inzala, ngaloo ndlela iqinisekisa ukuba izixhobo zonyango zinokumelana neeprothokholi zokucoca ngokungqongqo ixesha elide; I-biocompatibility yenza ukuba isebenze njengofakelo njengoko inciphisa ukusabela okungalunganga kumzimba womntu ngelixa igcina amandla kunye nozinzo ngeemeko ezahlukeneyo zomzimba.

Ngokufanayo, kwimizi-mveliso yaselwandle, i-316L insimbi engenasici isetyenziselwe ukuxhathisa imo engqongileyo enzima yasemanzini, ixhathisa kakhulu kwimingxuma kunye ne-crevice corrosion eyenziwa ngamanzi olwandle ane-chloride kunye ne-saline atmospheres. Ifumana ukusetyenziswa rhoqo ekwenziweni kwezifakelo ezahlukeneyo zeenqanawa, imibhobho engaphantsi kwamanzi, kunye nezixhobo zeqonga elingaphesheya kolwandle. I-316L's molybdenum inika eli nqanaba lensimbi engenasici ukuchasana okwandisiweyo kwi-corrosion yendawo phantsi kweemeko ezinobundlobongela obuphezulu apho iintsimbi eziqhelekileyo ziya kuthathwa njengento engenamsebenzi ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwexesha elide kunye nokugcinwa kwesakhiwo sobulungisa bezakhiwo zaselwandle, ngaloo ndlela kunciphisa ukugcinwa kunye neendleko.

Ukuba izicelo zisasazwe kumashishini ezonyango kunye nolwandle kugxininisa kuphela ukuba i-316L i-stainless steel stainless ine-versatile kwaye inokuthenjwa kulawo macandelo anzima apho ukhuseleko, ukuqina, kunye neenkxalabo zokusingqongileyo zibaluleke kakhulu. Ukusebenzisa iipropathi eziphambili, amashishini anikwa izisombululo ezonga iindleko kuwo wonke umjikelo wobomi bemveliso, kunye nokuthobela imigaqo engqongqo. Inkqubela phambili yangoku kwisayensi yezinto eziphathekayo iye yaphucula ngakumbi ukuveliswa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-316L yensimbi engenasici, iqinisekisa ukuba ihambelana nemingeni evelayo kula mashishini mabini abalulekileyo.

Ucaphulo

1. Utshintsho loLwakhiwo kunye neePropati zeMechanical ze-18-8 Series zentsimbi ezingenazintsimbi emva kokuguga ixesha elide.
   Ipapashwe kwi-J-STAGE, olu pho nonongo luhlola utshintsho lwesakhiwo kunye nomatshini wepropathi kwi-18-8 series steels stainless steels, kubandakanywa ne-316, phantsi kokuguga kwexesha elide.

2. Iziphumo zoMsebenzi obandayo kunye noNyango loBushushu kwiiPropathi ze-18-8 zentsimbi
   Ifumaneka kwi-ProQuest, eli phepha liphonononga imiphumo yomsebenzi obandayo kunye nokunyanga ukushisa kwi-mechanical and magnetic properties of 18-8 steel stainless.

3. Impembelelo yokuBonwa kweNgxowa-mali kwiiPropathi zoomatshini ze-316 yeBanga le-Stainless Steel
   I papashwe ku IsayensiDirect, eli nqaku liphanda indlela i-pitting corrosion echaphazela ngayo iimpawu zemishini ye-316 yensimbi engenasici, ebonisa ukuqina kwayo xa kuthelekiswa ne-18-8.

4. Cofa apha ukuze ufunde ngakumbi.

Imibuzo ebuzwa rhoqo (FAQ)